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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medical model of care
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emphasis on anatomical/biochemical abnormalities are correcting these through medication/surgery, often follows set protocol for a particular condition, disease centred approach, evaluate through repeat biochemical parameters etc. Nurses in this model are assistants following orders.
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Nursing models of care
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focuses on entire individual patient. Considers other factors such as age, mental status, breed, home environment – all factors that are ignored by the medical model.
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Nursing models
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Roper, Logan and Tierneys model (RLT) Orem’s model of self care Orpet and Jeffery’s ability model |
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Roper, Logan and Tierneys model (RLT)
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Developed in the 1970’s for human nursing but can be adapted to fit veterinary environment Concentrates on the 12 activities of human life/ activities of living |
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Activities of living
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Maintaining a safe environment Communication Breathing Eating and drinking Elimination Grooming Controlling body temperature Mobilising Playing Expressing sexuality Sleeping Dying |
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Factors influencing activities of life
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Biological – this relates to the physical ability. Psychological – stress can have a significant impact in the patient’s activities if living Sociocultural – relevant when thinking about the client and their social, cultural, spiritual and religious factors. Environmental –Atmospheric components. Most importantly the environment needs to be safe. Politico economics – Client – their health and economic status may influence the patient’s activities of living. |
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Individuality of living
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Activities of living are the main concept of the RLT model and each patient will carry out these activities. They may carry them out in different ways and this shows that they are expressing themselves as an individual. |
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RLT - Dependence - independence continuum
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D--------------------------------I A visual reference which describes how well the patient can carry out the activity |
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RLT - Life span continuum
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visual indication of the life stage of the patient Neonate ---------------------------------Geriatric Activities of living that age may have an impact on and require consideration: Elderly – extra warmth, pre-existing conditions i.e. arthritis, need opportunity to urinate more, may have visual/hearing impairment. Very young – extra warmth, assisted feeding, assisted elimination Puppys/kittens – more active will need more mental stimulation/physical activity where appropriate. |
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RLT – completing the care plan
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The last part is to complete the nursing goal (remember what, when & how) and the nursing interventions required. Evaluation will take place when the nursing goals are reviewed – this may be as regularly as hourly or not until the patient is discharged. |
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Orem's model
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Self-care model for nursing Focuses on the patient's ability to care for itself Aim is to return the patient to the level of self-care they had before becoming ill |
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Orem's model has 8 universal elf-care needs. They are...
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Sufficient intake of air Sufficient intake of water Sufficient intake of food Satisfactory eliminative functions Activity balanced with rest Balance between solitude and social interaction Prevention of hazards to life, well-being and functioning Promotion of functioning and development within social groups and the desire to be “normal" |
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A healthy individual will most likely have the self-care abilities to meet their universal self-care needs
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Self care abilities = universal self care needs
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Orem's model additional demands to self care
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Demands due to health or demands linked to specific developmental or growth stages. Classed as the ‘health deviation self-care needs’:Include: Interuterine life and birth Neonatal life Infancy Development stages (puppy/kitten, adolescent, young adult) Pregnancy Illness Injury |
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Orem's model - completing the care plan
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Consider each self-care need and the patient’s ability/limitations to fulfilling this need (remember consider factors such as age, condition, situation etc.) Detail the patients actions and most importantly the nursing actions required to ensure each self-care need is fulfilled. |
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Orpet and Jeffrey Ability Model
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Developed by RVNs . Based on the human models but made specifically for use in veterinary environment Focusses on 10 abilities which are considered the basic requirements for an animal to function |
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10 Abilities
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The questions that you need to ask about the patient are: Eat an adequate amount? Drink an adequate amount? Urinate normally? Defecate normally? Breath normally? Maintain body temperature? Groom itself? Mobilise adequately? Sleep/rest? Express normal behaviour (interact normally)? |
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Ability model - patient assessment
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Patient is assessed against the 10 abilities Usual routine is established Actual and potential problems identified as well as long term goals |
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Ability model - Completing the care plan
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Where actual and potential problems are identified short term goals and nursing interventions are considered. Evaluations are made as appropriate and the plan updated. |
