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593 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Benchmarking
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A method of comparing performance using identified quality indicators across institutional dimensions.
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Electronic health record
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An integrated record that includes information from all medical sources and can be accessed from multiple locations by sanctioned providers.
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Define Management
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Management is a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals.
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Evidence-based practice
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Applying the best scientific evidence to a patient's unique diagnosis, condition, and situation to make clinical decisions.
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Integrated health care networks
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Organizational health care structures that deliver a continuum of care, provide coverage for a group of individuals, and accept fixed payments for that group.
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Which organization structure is this?nteractiong collection of components or parts that together make up an integrated whole. Takes all the parts to make the whole
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system theory
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Define Management
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Management is a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals.
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Remote care
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Physicians accessing patients using wireless video connections and robots at the bedside.
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Theory Z: Ouchi
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It views organizations and workers more holistically. The emphasis is on collective decision making, long-term employment with slower promotions, and less direct supervision.
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Leapfrog Group
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A consortium of public and private purchasers that provide benefits to more than 37 million Americans in all 50 states. Rewards health care organizations that demonstrate quality outcome measures.
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Robotics
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Using robots to deliver supplies and remote care.
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Magnet recognition program
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Recognition by the American Nurses Credentialing Center that the organization provides quality nursing care.
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Formal Leadership
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Based on occupying a position in an organization, called assigned leadership.
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Staff authority
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The advisory relationship in which responsibility for actual work is assigned to others.
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Critical pathways
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Tools or guidelines that direct care by identifying expected outcomes.
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Informal leadership
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Occurs when an individual demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group, rather than as the head or leader of the group. The informal leader can be considered to emerge as a leader when accepted by others and perceived to have influence.
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Differentiated practice
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A nursing care delivery system that maximizes nursing resources by focusing on the structure of nursing roles according to education, experience, and competency.
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Functional nursing
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A nursing care delivery system in which the needs of the patients are broken down into tasks and assigned to caregivers.
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Primary nursing
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A nursing care delivery system in which one nurse is responsible and accountable for the nursing care of specific patients for the duration of their stay.
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Team nursing
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The most common delivery system; nursing staff are divided into teams, which are responsible for the care of a group of patients.
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Total patient care
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The original model of nursing care delivery, in which one RN is responsible for the care of a group of patients.
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Achievement-oriented leadership
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A leadership style that includes goal setting and maintaining high levels of performance in order to motivate employees.
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Autocratic leadership
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A leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by external forces; therefore, the leader makes all the decisions and directs the followers' behaviors.
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Leadership characteristics
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Focus on a professional and purposeful vision that provides direction toward the preferred future, passion expressed by leaders involves the ability in inspire and align people toward the promises of life, and they possess integrity based on knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity developed through experience and growth.
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Charge nurse
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An expanded staff nurse role with increased responsibility and the function of liaison to the nurse manager.
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Which organization structure is system theory?
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idea that ineracting components or parts work together to make up an integrated whole
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Charismatic leadership
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Leadership based on valued personal characteristics and beliefs.
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Clinical nurse leader
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A lateral integrator of care responsible for a specified group of clients within a microsystem of the health care setting.
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Leadership Theories
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Behavioral Approach
Contingency Approach Contemporary Approach |
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Controlling
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The process of comparing actual results with projected results.
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Directing
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The process of getting the work within an organization done.
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Expectancy
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The perceived probability that effort will result in successful performance.
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First-level manager
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The manager responsible for supervising nonmanagerial personnel and day-to-day activities of specific work units.
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Formal
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Leadership that is exercised by an individual with legitimate authority conferred by position within the organization.
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Manager
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An individual employed by an organization who is responsible for efficiently accomplishing the goals of the organization.
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WHich organization structure theory supports achieving the purpose?
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organization theory
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Planning
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A four stage process that includes establishment objectives, evaluating the present situation and predicting future trends and events, formulating a planning statement(means), and converting the plan into an action statement
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Which organization structure is this?
organization design that supports achieving their purpose |
organization theory
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Formal
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Leadership that is exercised by an individual with legitimate authority conferred by position within the organization.
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Leader behavior
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Initiating structure involves emphasis on the work to be done, focus on the task and production, concerned with how work is organized and on the achievement of goals. Consideration involves activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people.
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Informal
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Leadership that is exercised by an individual who does not have a specified management role.
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Instrumentality
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The perceived probability that performance will lead to desired outcomes.
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Laissez-faire leadership
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A leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by internal forces and should be left alone to complete work; leader provides no direction or facilitation.
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Organizing
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The process of coordinating the work to be done within an organization.
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Quantum leadership
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A leadership style based on the concepts of chaos theory.
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Relational (connective) leadership
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A leadership style that values collaboration and teamwork; interpersonal skills are used to promote collegiality in achieving organizational skills.
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Fielder's Contingency Theory
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Views leader behavior as dependent upon the interaction of the leader's personality and the needs of the situation. The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward the leader involves leader-member relationships, the degree of task structure, and leader's position power.
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Servant leadership
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The premise that leadership originates from a desire to serve; a leader emerges when others' needs take priority.
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DEF: Mission
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Reaseon for existence
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Shared leadership
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An organizational structure in which several individuals share the responsibility for achieving the organization's goals.
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Hersey and Blanchad's Situational Theory
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Emphasizes follower readiness as a factor in determining leadership style.
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Strategic planning
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A process of continual assessment, planning, and evaluation to guide the future.
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Supportive leadership
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A leadership style that focuses on the needs of employees.
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What are the 3 primary features of the Leadership Process?
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Involving People
Gaining Commitment Energizing Participation |
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Connection power
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Power based on an individual's formal and informal links to influential or prestigious persons within and outside an organization.
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Expert power
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Power based on the manager's possession if unique skills, knowledge, and competence.
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What is the term for: reason for existence?
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mission
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Information power
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Power based on an individual's access to valued information.
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Path-Goal Theory
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The leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment
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Personal power
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Power based on an individual's credibility, reputation, expertise, experience, control of resources or information, and ability to build trust.
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Policy
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Decisions that govern action and determine an organization's relationship's, activities, and goals.
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In the system theory, interacting collection of components or parts...
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go together to make up an integrated whole
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Politics
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A means of influencing the allocation of scarce resources, events, and the decisions of others.
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Directive Style
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Provides structure through direction and authority; leader is focused on the task and getting the job done.
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Position power
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Power of an individual that is determined by the job description, assigned responsibilities, recognition, advancement, authority, the ability to withhold money, and decision making.
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Power
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The potential ability to influence in order to achieve goals.
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Power plays
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Power plays are attempts by others to diminish or demolish their opponents.
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leadership process includes:
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leader followers, situation, communication, goals
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Punishment (coercive) power
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Power based on penalties a manager might impose if the individual or group does not comply with authority.
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Referent power
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Power based on admiration and respect for an individual.
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Reward power
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Power based on inducements offered by the manager in exchange for contributions that advance the manager's objectives.
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Supportive Style
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Is relationship-oriented; the leader provides encouragement, interest, and attention.
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Stakeholders
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People or groups with a direct interest in the work of an organization.
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DEF: VIsion
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Goal to which the organization aspires
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Power plays
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attempts by others to diminish of demolish their opponents.
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Philosophy
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The mission, values, and vision of an organization.
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Participative Style
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Focuses on involving followers int the decision-making process.
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Directing
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The process of getting work done within an organization.
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relational leadership paradigm requires what skill set?
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ability to make connections and flexible health care system
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Participative leadership
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A leadership style that involves consultation with subordinates in decision making.
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Achievement-oriented Style
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Provides high structure and direction as well as high support through consideration behavior.
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Downward Communication
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Communications, generally directive, given from an authority figure of manager to staff.
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Fogging
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A communication technique that forces an immediate end to conflict but leaves the cause unresolved.
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Intersender conflict
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Difficulty in interpreting the intended meaning of a message due to incongruity between verbal and nonverbal communication.
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Intersender conflict
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Difficulty in interpreting the intended meaning of a message due to two conflicting messages received from differing sources.
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Substitutes for leadership
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*Experience, ability, training
*Professionalism *Structured, routine tasks *Feedback provided by the task *Intrinsic satisfaction *Cohesive group *Formalized organization |
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Metacommunication
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Nonverbal messages in communications, including body language and environmental factors.
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Negative assertion
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A communication technique in which one accepts some blame for what was said.
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Negative inquiry
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A communication technique used to clarify objections and feelings (e.g. I don't understand....)
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Contemporary Approaches
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Address the leadership functions necessary to develop learning organizations and lead transforming change.
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Which organization structure is system theory?
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idea that ineracting components or parts work together to make up an integrated whole
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Organization theory is a organization design that supports....
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achieving a purpose
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Classical theory of management (Weber)
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based on structure - legalized, formal authority, consistent rules and regulations
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act of accepting ownership for results or lack thereof
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accountability
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obligation to accomplish a task
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responsibility
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act of overseeing other employees
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supervision
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McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
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know
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DEF: Values
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the beliefs or attitudes the organizational leaders have about people, ideas, objects, or actions that form a basis for behavior
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Describe Personality Trait Theory.
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Propsoes that leaders are born, not made.
Emphasizes characteristics such as age, gender, IQ, attractiveness. There is some support for this theory, but it doesn't account for 'nurture'. |
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What are....
the beliefs or attitudes the organizational leaders have about people, ideas, objects, or actions that form a basis for behavior |
values
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Theory X managers think:
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workers are lazy
workers need constant supervision workers are indifferent to organizational needs |
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Organizatonal culture is reflected in.....
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the norms and traditions of the organization
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1st step in team building strategy to improve functioning
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data gathering and diagnosis
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The organizational mission, vision, and philosophy should....
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shape and reflect organizatonal culture
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Theory Y managers think:
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workers are self-motivated
workers enjoy their work workers work hard to meet both organizational and personal goals |
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Which aspects should shape and reflect organizational culture?
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organizational mission, vision, and philosophy
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3 Primary Tasks of a leader in healthcare:
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1. Set direction: Mission, goals, vision, purpose.
2. Build commitment: Motivation, spirit, teamwork. 3. Confront challenges: Innovation, change, turbulence. |
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Acknowledge everyone within....
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10 feet of you
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Adaptation-Innovation theory of problem solving
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adapters - use tried and accepted ways; methodical; less risk-taking
Innovators - seek creative solutions; think "outside the box" |
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describe selling style
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gathers information from followers, makes an independent decision, and then persuades followers to implement it
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_________ __________ is the customary way of doing things
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organizational culture
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Organizational culture may be _________ or _________
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functional or dysfunctional
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DEF: learned characteristics
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employes acquiesce to expectations
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Risky Shift
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as a group, the 'mob' is more likely to take risks than each individual would on their own
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Tardiness (whether this allowed or not) is a form of ____________ characteristic in organizational culture
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learned
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Is organizational culture objective or subjective?
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both
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Satisficing vs. Maximizing
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"good enough for now" - will satisfy current need, can perfect later
vs. must be done well initially - get it done perfect the first time, takes more time |
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EX. Unit manager that mentors new managers and empowers employees
an example of subjective or objective organizational culture? |
subjective
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DEF: organizational structure reflected in organizational charts
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the framework that divides work within and organization and delineates points of authority, responsibility, accountablility and non-deciision-makeing support
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Descriptive or Bounded Rationality Model of decision making
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you have fairly complete info but are limited by time, energy, and/or money
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the framework that divides work within and organization and delineates points of authority, responsibility, accountablility and non-deciision-makeing support is characteristic of....
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organizational structure reflected in organizational charts
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members who reinforce status quo by keeping contraversial information away from the group
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mind guards
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autocratic leadership
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centralized decision making style with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others
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Power-coercive model of change
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Accept change or leave
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Connection power
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visibility, status power, its who you know
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What is personal power (as opposed to position power)?
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built on credibility, reputation, expertise; nothing to do with your position
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The ___________ ___________ can identify flaws.
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organizational chart
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manager role that encourages all participation
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gatekeeper
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Which source of power is more effective: positional or personal?
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personal, because most people usually follow the rules anyway
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What tool will identify duplication of functions
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organizational chart
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Define Diagnosis related Group
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A system of prospective payment used by medicare that pays a provider a set amount for a specific condition.
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What tool will identify dual reporting structures
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organizational chart
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AHRQ: What organziation is this?
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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Stages of Conflict: Filley
antecendent/latent |
conditions exist ie. short staffing, poor pay, etc.
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Coordinatoin of service, expedited decision making regarding prodcut (service), clarity of purpose are all benefits of Which organizational structure chart?
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service line structures (product lines)
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Describe Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Motivational Theory)*
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States that job satisfaction is related to the presence or absence of motivators or hygiene factors.
Presence of motivators will result in job satisfaction, but absence of factors will result in job neutrality. Presence of Hygiene factors will result in job neutrality, absence of hygiene factors will result in job dissatisfaction. Money is not the main motivator!! |
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conflict resulting from incongruence between one's expectations for performance and one's perception of resulting perfoemance
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intrarole conflict
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expensive, duplication of service, "silo" mentality, loss of professional relationships and loss of standardization across services are all limitations of Which organizational structure chart?
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service- line strutures (product lines)
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What tool will identify lack of immediate supervision
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organizational chart
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Describe Laissez-faire leadership style.
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Leader allows followers complete decision-making freedom; provides followers with materials/resources and answers questions.
Not enough structure for many sutations to provide support, resources, high quality and timely products, etc. |
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Stages of Conflict: Filey
perceived conflict |
recognized by individual
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In the organizational chart what do boxes respresent?
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individual or sub-unit responsible for a given part of the workload
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Describe Laissez-faire leadership style.
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Leader allows followers complete decision-making freedom; provides followers with materials/resources and answers questions.
Not enough structure for many sutations to provide support, resources, high quality and timely products, etc. |
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contingency theory
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style that acknowledges that other factors in the environment influence outcomes as much as leadership style/leader effectiveness is contingent upon something other than the leader's behavior
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Stages of Conflict: Filey
felt conflict |
conflict is emotionalized
(fear, anger) |
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Describe Ouchi's Theory Z
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States that you can improve employee loyalty by providing high job stability with a focus on their total well-being.
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Vroom Yetton expectation model of leadership
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determine the amount of participation in decision making needed from the staff
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Stages of Conflict: Filey
manifest |
action is taken
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An organizational structure chart that has more autonomy in practice is considered to be...
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flat
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how is the heirarchy depicted in an organizational chart?
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vertical dimensions
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What are the 5 main general functions of managers.
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Plan
Organize Staff Direct Control |
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Describe Factor Five Theory (the Big 5).
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Describes 5 personality factors as indicators for leadership success:
Openness (to change & opportunity) Conscientiousness (self-discipline, duty, planned behavior) Extraversion (outgoing vs. reserved) Agreeableness Neuroticism (sensitive vs. confident) |
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An organizational structure chart that has different organizational structures within one facility is considered to be a....
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hybrid
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Qualities of an Effective Leader:
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Integrity, Courage, Initiative, Energy, Optimism, Perseverence, Balance, Ability to handle stress, Self-awareness.
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Stages of Conflict: Filey
conflict aftermath |
positive or negative feelings linger (I lost the argument, i'm still mad about it)
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An organizational structure chart that often results during change is considered....
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hybrid
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stage of group development in which members depend on a leader to define purpose, tasks, and roles
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forming
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An organizational structure chart that may also reslut from fear of losing control is considered...
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hybrid
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who are the staff positions supportive to?
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line positions
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What is a structure audit?
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looks at resources in the environment, like lighting, crash carts, etc
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An organizational paradigm based on the values of interdependence and accountability that allows nurses to make decisions in a decentralized environment is defined as....
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shared governance
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democratic leadership
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style in which participation is encouraged and authority is delegated to others
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What is a process audit?
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less focused on an individual; looks at the procedures followed; task-oriented
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DEF: span of control
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the number of hierarchical levels under the top executive
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Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in Knowledge of health care environment.
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Clinical practice knowledge
Understanding governance Patient care delivery models Health care policy knowledge |
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anyone that uses interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal
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leader
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The idea that nursing practice is best determined by nurses
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shared governance
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the number of hierarchical levels under the top executive is considered the...
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span of control
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Define Leadership
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Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow.
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When doing performance review:
Central tendency |
making everything 'just satisfactory' because its quick and easy, don't have to think about what they are good at or need to improve on
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with shared governance, there is an ______________ council to represent nurses ______
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elected, collectively
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What is considered a wide span of control?
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2-4 levels
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Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in professionalism.
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Personal and professional accountability
Ethics Evidence based practice Active membership in professional organizations |
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Shared governance is usually based on foundations of primary nursing, _____________ and some mechanism for linical ____________
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peer review, clinical advancement
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How will a wide span of control appear in an organizational chart?
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flat/horizontal
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List 5 major trends that will impact healthcare in the next 5 years?
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1. growth of managed care
2. bioterrism 3. culture diversity 4. nursing shortages 5. increased use of computerized patient records 6. increasing aged population 7. changing demogaphics 8. emphsis on the case management |
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McGregor's Hot Stove Rules
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4 elements must be present for discipline to be fair and produce growth in a individual
1. forewarning (consequence shouldn't be a surprise) 2. immediate consequences 3. consistency 4. impartiality |
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The follow are principles of ___________ ___________
- parnership -equity -accountability -ownership |
shared governence
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how will a narrow span of control appear in an organizational chart?
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tall/vertical
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3rd stage of group development when cohesivness develops and group defines its goals
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norming
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DEF: collective action
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a mechanism for acfhievging professional practice through group decision-making
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A narrow span of control in an organizational chart is contains....
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many levels
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Now for test 2...
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.
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a mechanism for acfhievging professional practice through group decision-making is termed....
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collective action
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In the concept of work description and rol the title....edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is
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edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is
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Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in business skills
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Knowledge of finance
HR management Strategic management Marketing Information management and technology |
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Activities that are undertaken by a group of people who have common interests are termed....
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collective action
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Information that edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is, is termed the...
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title
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employee-centered leadership
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style with a focus on the human needs of subordinates
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Under-delegation
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not delegating enough
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Nurse responsibilty obligates one to _________
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ACT; accomplish a task
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The fact that the entire chart depicts how activities have been devided (functional vs. regional) is termed the...
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grouping of work segments
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Describe the difference between a tall vs flat organizational structure
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Flat: fewer levels in hierarchy
Tall: many levels in hierarchy May or may not have centralized power. |
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what factor enhances group cohesiveness?
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shared values
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What gives nurses the power to control practice? (2)
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credentialing
cerficications |
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an organizational chart is dived into functional vs regional activites by the...
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group of work segments
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What are the (4) Management theories.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Motivation-Hygiene Theory McGregor's Theory X and Y Ouchi's Theory Z |
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team nursing
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several team leaders under charge nurse
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DEF: authority
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use of the power of their professional status to act in behalf of the best interest of their patients
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In an organizational chart the grouping of work segments will depict...
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how activities have been divided
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DEF: autonomy
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the right to make independent decisions regarding patient care and to take action for themselves
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In an organizational chart the grouping of work segments will divide activies into __________ vs. _________
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functional vs regional
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Behaviors of an Effective Leader:
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Thinking critically, Solving problems, Respecting the individual, Skillful communication, Goal setting, Communication of vision, Developing oneself and others.
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what is servant leadership?
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leader giving priority to needs of others
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Automony must be consistent with....
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scope of practice
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Define Leadership
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Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow.
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the right to make independent decisions regarding patient care and to take action for themselves is termed:
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autonomy
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Leadership behaviors are directed towatd...
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motivating people
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use of the power of their professional status to act in behalf of the best interest of their patients is termed
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authority
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DEF: nursing governance
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system by which a department of nursing controls and directs the formulation and the administration of nursing policy
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formal leadership
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when a person is in a position of authority or in a sanctioned role within an organization that connotes influence
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house-mitchell path-goal focuses on
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motivating employees
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system by which a department of nursing controls and directs the formulation and the administration of nursing policy is termed
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nursing governance
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the degree to which an organization has urlse, stated in policy, that defines a member's function
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formalization
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What is the Marsh Report?
|
1943- Examined social security for Canada (r/t increasing poverty rates)
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Whare are 3 places to find the governance statements?
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mission and vision statements
organizational chart behavior of former leaders |
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DEF: formalization
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the degree to which an organization has rules, stated in policty, that define a members function
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Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Motivational Theory)
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Bottom to top model proposing that fundamental needs have to be met before higher-level needs can be.
Physiological Needs Safety Needs Social Needs Esteem Needs Self-Actualization |
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quantum leadership is based on...
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change
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What are 3 strategies to achieve collective action?
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shared covernance
workplace advocacy collective bargaining |
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DEF: centralization
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location where a decision is made
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What is the Heagerty Report?
|
1940s- Health and unemployment insurance ("Canadian National Health Insurance Act")
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Describe Autocratic leadership style.
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Authoritarian. Directed and managed by single leader who provides high degree of structure and rigidity. Leader controls decision-making power.
Appropriate in high intensity situations/dangerous situations. Does not include room for intuition or creativity. |
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WHat is the objective of workplace advocacy?
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equip nurses to practice in a rapidly changing environment
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A decisions made at the top is a ____________ decision
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centralized
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IHI: What organziation is this?
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Institute for HEalthcare Improvement
|
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leadership that inspires others through use of personal power
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charismatic
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DEF: collective bargaining
|
a mechanism for settling labor disputes by negotiation between the emplyer and representatives of the employees
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A decision made at or close to the patient care level is ____________
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decentralized
|
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At-will states allow...
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either party to terminate employment without reason
|
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A decentralized decision is made....
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at or close to the patient care level
|
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Describe Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Motivational Theory)*
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States that job satisfaction is related to the presence or absence of motivators or hygiene factors.
Presence of motivators will result in job satisfaction, but absence of factors will result in job neutrality. Presence of Hygiene factors will result in job neutrality, absence of hygiene factors will result in job dissatisfaction. Money is not the main motivator!! |
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consideration
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activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people
|
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leadership style most useful for highly functioning cohesive groups
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democratic
|
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Unions treat all employees in the same manner, decreasing managers ability to....
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desiging, selct, or discipline staff
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A centralized decision is made...
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at the top of the organization
|
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characteristic of an effective leader
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flexibility
|
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what aren't supervisors allowed to join unions?
|
the hire, terminate, reward, and discipline employees
|
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What is the Hospital Insurance & Diagnostic Services Act?
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1958- hospital services covered by government insurance
|
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Are supervisors allowed to join unions?
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no
|
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What is the Medical Care Act?
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1968- established Universal Health Care in Canada (all medical costs, not just hospitals).
Many physicians disagreed with this (striked) |
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task where group performances succeed only if all members succeed
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conjunctive task
|
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What is strategic plannin?
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the process of defining and prioritizin long-term objectives of an organizaiton and devleoping sttrategies for implementation
|
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Which organizational structure chart is still frequently used?
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functional
|
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Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Motivational Theory)
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Bottom to top model proposing that fundamental needs have to be met before higher-level needs can be.
Physiological Needs Safety Needs Social Needs Esteem Needs Self-Actualization |
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encourages employees to pursue higher values and humanitarian ideals and exercise power
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transformational leader
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the process of defining and prioritizin long-term objectives of an organizaiton and devleoping sttrategies for implementation is termed....
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strategic planning
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Which organizational structure chart can develop "silo" mentality?
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function
|
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describe disjunctive task
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group succeeds if only one member succeeds
|
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Describe Democratic leadership style.
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A team-based approach where decision-making power is shared among members. Promoted high job satisfaction, high degree of control, internal motivation.
|
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What type of planning:
gives direction to the organization? |
strategic
|
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Which organizational structure chart functions necessary to produce a specific service or product are grouped together?
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service-line structures (Product lines)
|
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Which organizational structure chart has departments and services according to specialty?
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functional
|
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What type of planning:
improves efficiency |
strategic
|
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What is the Lalonde Report?
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1974- focused on determinants of health; insufficiencies in biomedical model; looked at the big picture
|
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What type of planning:
weeds out poor or underused programs |
strategic
|
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Describe Ouchi's Theory Z
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States that you can improve employee loyalty by providing high job stability with a focus on their total well-being.
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What type of planning:
eliminates duplication of efforts |
strategic
|
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What type of planning:
concentrates resources on important services |
strategic
|
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informal leader
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individual who demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group rather than as the head or leader of the group
|
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What type of planning:
improves communications and coodination of activities |
strategic
|
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What is the Romanow Report?
|
2002- re-examined public health care (with positive results); identified issue of wait times
|
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SWOT analysis stands for....
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stregths
weakness opportunities threats |
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the strengths in SWOT analysis are...
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internal
|
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How is federal government funding determined?
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Government will send money to all provinces as long as health care services are being offered that follow the criteria of the Canada Health Act. Money is given via a Canada Health Transfer.
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The weakness' in SWOT analysis are....
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internal
|
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Define intergrated health care networks.
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organiztional health care structures that deliver a continum of care, provide coverage for a group of individuals and accept fixed payments for that group.
|
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the opportunities in SWOT analysis are
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external
|
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The threats in SWOT analysis are...
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external
|
|
"activities designed to generate and facilitate exchanges intended to satisfy human wants and needs" are termed
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marketing
|
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What are the 3 main functions of Provincial/Territorial health care systems?
|
Finance
Funding Delivery |
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What are the four Ps of marketing?
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Products
Promotion Pricing Place |
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initiating structure
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style that involves and emphasis on the work to be done, a focus on the task and production
|
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What is the Product aspect of marketing?
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goods or services that meet the customer's needs
|
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what is the promotion aspect of marketing?
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advertising- getting the word out
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What is the pricing aspect of marketing?
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focuses on identifying the cost of the product or service
|
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What does the palce aspect of marketing
|
getting the product to the consumer
|
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When marketing, an environmental assessment will (2)....
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identify target market
research target market |
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Tim Porter-O'Grady refers to a...
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professional practice model
|
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Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in Knowledge of health care environment.
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Clinical practice knowledge
Understanding governance Patient care delivery models Health care policy knowledge |
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the Tim Porter-O'Grady practice model embodies the priniciples of (4)
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parterniship
equity ownership accountability |
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Which theory grants access to information?
|
Structural empowerment theory
|
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job-centered leaders
|
style that focuses on schedules, cost, and efficiency with less attention to developing work groups and high performance goals
|
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Which theory grants access to resoucres?
|
Structural empowerment theory
|
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Which theory grants support for the work?
|
Structural empowerment theory
|
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Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in professionalism.
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Personal and professional accountability
Ethics Evidence based practice Active membership in professional organizations |
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Which theory grants opportunity for professional growth?
|
Structural empowerment theory
|
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Which theory grants formal and informal power?
|
Structural empowerment theory
|
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IOM: What organziation is this?
|
Institute of Medicine
|
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DEF: role theory
|
a framework used to understand how individuals perform within organizations
|
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Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
|
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
|
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The theory that looks at role ambiguity, role conflict, and role strain is...
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role theory
|
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What are the main functions of the CNO and RNAO?
|
CNO: sets best practice standards, regulatory body of nurses, PROTECT PUBLIC
RNAO: best practice guidelines, political activism, NURSING ADVOCACY |
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Which type of performance appraisal is not usualy used in nursing?
|
structured (tradiational ) perfomance appraisal tool
|
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What are CCACs?
|
Community Care Access Centres:
Aligned with LHINS Case managers, assess client needs and determine care plan. |
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Which performance scale rates an individual according to all individuals the manager evaluates?
|
forced distribution scale
|
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In the Foced distribution scale individuals are rated according to their...
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space among all individuals the manager evaluates
|
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What are Community Health Centres?
|
Community based, integrated centres based on principles of accessibility, public participation, health promotion/illness prevention, appropriate technology, interdisciplinary collaboration
|
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What is a possible issue with Forced distribution scale?
|
it undermines group cohesion by assigning ranks and ordering
|
|
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in business skills
|
Knowledge of finance
HR management Strategic management Marketing Information management and technology |
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Is the forced distribution scale used often in nursing?
|
no
|
|
Qualities of an Effective Manager:
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Leadership, Clinical Expertise, Business Sense
|
|
How does the likert scale qualify responses?
|
strongly agree to strongly disagree
|
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Is the likert scale popular?
|
yes
|
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Describe the difference between a tall vs flat organizational structure
|
Flat: fewer levels in hierarchy
Tall: many levels in hierarchy May or may not have centralized power. |
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is the likert scale easy to use?
|
yes
|
|
The halo affect in graphic rating is
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positive
|
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laissez-faire leader
|
passive and permissive style in which the the leader defers decision making
|
|
the horn effect in graphic rating is
|
negative
|
|
What are the 3 components of the Hospital Administration Triad?
|
CEO
Hospital Board Medical Staff (Physicians) |
|
leader-member relations
|
feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and credibility of the leader
|
|
What are the factors when communicating a message?
|
Sender
Message Receiver Feedback Medium |
|
Briefly describe Health Care during confederation (1940s)
|
Municipalities & provinces setting up their own programs
WWI & Great Depression Old Age Pensions Act/Unemployment Insurance Act Marsh & Heagerty Reports |
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What are the 3 levels of communication?
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Public
Intrapersonal Interpersonal |
|
Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
|
Informational, Interpersonal, Decisional
|
|
Peer review is a form of what appraisal tool?
|
flexible performance appraisal tool
|
|
Define the following communication skills:
Attending Responding Clarifying Confronting |
Attending: active listening, being present in the conversation
Responding: acknolwedgement Clarifying: rephrasing, repeating Confronting: |
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Peer review allows _________ guidelines
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collaberative
|
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Peer review encourages ________ ________ _______
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team building strategies
|
|
What are the 3 types of functions within a group?
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Task functions
Group Building and Maintenance functions Individual functions |
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Peer review requires a _________ team
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mature
|
|
leadership
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process of influence whereby the leader influence others toward goal achievement
|
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In order for peer review to work, staff must ________ and _________ eachother
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trust and respect
|
|
Define the following group building & maintenance functions:
Coordinating Harmonizing Facilitating Supporting/encouraging Following |
Coordinating: merging ideas
Harmonizing; interceding with disputes |
|
is 360 degrees used frequently with managers?
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yes
|
|
what 4 asepcts does the 360 degree review include?
|
self appraisal
subordinate peer administrative feedback |
|
What is need for the 360 degree review to work?
|
a computer with safe guards
|
|
NQF: What organziation is this?
|
National Quality Forum
|
|
It is important to _______ staff about the form of performance evaluation
|
educate
|
|
What is the process of group formation and action?
|
Forming
Storming Norming Performing Adjourning |
|
How often should an appraisal system be carried out?
|
at least 1 per year
|
|
Should the appraisal be shared with the employee?
|
yes
|
|
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:
Stabilizer Analyzer Cheerleader Persuader Pathfinder |
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven) Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict) Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal |
|
How should a patient be able to respond to a performance appraisal?
|
in writing for appeal
|
|
maintenance or hygiene factors (herzberg)
|
elements such as salary, job security, working conditions, status, quality or supervision, and relationships with others that prevent job disssatisfaction
|
|
what must the manager do to ensure an accurate appraisal?
|
observe the employees performance adequately
|
|
How often should a manager make anecdotal notes to an appraisal system?
|
every 3 months minimally
|
|
When appraising an employee should you focus on personal traits or characteristics?
|
no
|
|
Name name and describe the stages of the conflict process.
|
Latent: conflict may be coming inherent to situation
Perceived: understanding that conflict will occur Felt: conflict emotionalized Overt: opposition Aftermath |
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When appraising an employee should you focus on behavior and results?
|
yes
|
|
Informational Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
|
Representing the employees.
Representing the organization. Public relations monitoring. |
|
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:
Stabilizer Analyzer Cheerleader Persuader Pathfinder |
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven) Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict) Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal |
|
What are the 4 and 5 founding principles of the Medical Care Act?
|
Universal Health Care:
Comprehensive Universality Portable Public Administration Accessible |
|
What are the 3 types of conflict?
|
Intrapersonal
Interpersonla Intergroup |
|
Define Benchmarking?
|
A method of comparing performance using identified indicators across instiutions or disciplines. compares an organizations data with similar organiations.
|
|
Interpersonal Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
|
Networking.
Conflict negotiation and resolution. Employee development and coaching. Rewards and Punishment. |
|
motivation factors (Herzberg)
|
elements such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the opportunity for development that all contribute to job satisfaction
|
|
How is federal government funding determined?
|
Government will send money to all provinces as long as health care services are being offered that follow the criteria of the Canada Health Act. Money is given via a Canada Health Transfer.
|
|
TJC (formerly JCAHO): What organziation is this?
|
The Joint Commission
|
|
position power
|
degree of formal authority and influence associated with the leader
|
|
Decisional Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
|
Employee evaluation.
Resource allocation. Hiring and Firing. Planning. Job Analysis and Redesign. |
|
substitutes for leadership
|
variables that may influence or have an effect on followers to the same extent as the leader's behavior
|
|
magnet hospitals
|
high-quality health care organizations that have meet the rigorous nursing excellence requirements as determiented by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and that are a supportive and collegial practice setting thatat incorporates principles or organizational behavior to achieve positive individual, group, and organizational outcomes
|
|
What is the purpose of managed care?
|
Managed care was developed in order to improve the utilization of health care resources and emphasize prevention.
|
|
Patient Identifiers
Communication of test results Labeling of meds Hand hygiene Surgical time out Labeling of specimins .....are all.... |
National patient safety goals
|
|
nursing-sensitive indicators
|
measures that reflect the outcome of nursing action
|
|
task structure
|
involves the degree that work is defined, with specific procedure, explicit directions and goals
|
|
Sherman Tanks- These people try to intimidate you with “in your face” arguments, and state opinions as facts.
|
• Get their attention by using their first name to begin a sentence
• Maintain eye contact; give them time to wind down • Stand up to them without fighting; don’t worry about being polite • Suggest you sit down to continue discussions |
|
open systems
|
entities that must interact with the environment to survive
|
|
Basic Listening Sequence
|
Listen to the: Information and emotion.
Demonstrate attentiveness through: Eye contact and body language. Verify understanding by: Asking occasional questions, repeating important points, and summarizing. |
|
whatis the principal purpose of a mission statment.
|
General statement of the purpose of an organzation or reason for their existence.
|
|
organization
|
a coordinated and deliberately structure social entity consisting of two or more individuals functioning on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a predetermined set of goals
|
|
taxonomy
|
system that orders principles into a grouping or classification
|
|
Snipers- These individuals take potshots in meetings but avoid one-on one confrontations.
|
• Expose the attack; draw them out in public and don’t let social convention stop you
• Get other opinions. Don’t give in to the sniper’s views • Provide the sniper with alternatives to a direct contest. |
|
organizational behavior
|
the study of human behavior in organizations
|
|
"To Err is Human" was a campaign by the ____ ___ ________ in 2000
|
Institute of Medicine
|
|
Who publishes the Core Measures?
|
Centers for medicare and medicaid (CMS)
|
|
Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
|
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
|
|
organizational commitment
|
how committed or loyal employees feel to the goals of the organization
|
|
Negativists- Know that nothing new will work; they’ll toss a wet blanket when you’re trying to light a fire in group brainstorming sessions
|
• Acknowledge their valid points
• Describe past successes • Avoid “you’re wrong, I’m right” arguments |
|
organizational effectiveness
|
an organizations sustainable high performance in accomplishing its mission and objectives
|
|
Principles for Effective Communication
|
Aim for clarity and focus; use direct and exact language; encourage feedback; acknowledge the contributions of others; and use the most direct channels of communication available.
|
|
What is a visio statement.
|
A description of the goal to which an organzation aspires
|
|
productivity
|
quantity and quality of output an employee generates for an organization
|
|
theory Y
|
view that in the context of the right conditions, people enjoy their workm they can show self-control and discipline, are able to contribute creatively and are motivated by ties to the group etc
|
|
Exploders- Throw tantrums that can escalate quickly
|
• Give them time to
regain self control • If they don’t, shout a neutral phrase such as “STOP!” • Take a time out or have a private meeting with them |
|
stakeholders
|
people or group with an interest in the performance of the organization, for example, customer, competitors, suppliers, government, and regulatory agencies
|
|
What are 4 illness' that have core measures published by the CMS?
|
Acute MI
Heart Failure Pneumonia Surgical |
|
turnover
|
number of employees who resigned divided by the total number of employees during the same time period
|
|
theory Z
|
view of collective decision making and a focus on long-term employment that involves slower promotions and less direct supervision
|
|
Delegation Self-Assessment:
|
Are you able to ask others to help you?
Do you need to every task yourself? If you ask someone to do something, do you check to see if the job was completed? Do you take responsibility for your own behaviors? |
|
Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
|
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
|
|
altruism
|
the unselfish concern for the welfare of others
|
|
Assertive instead of aggressive technique
|
Using "I" statements instead of "you" allows you as a manager to confront an issue w/out being accusatory.
|
|
break-even-point
|
when income and expenses become equal
|
|
transformational leader
|
leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others
|
|
The five rights of delegation:
|
Right Task
Right Circumstances Right Person Right Direction/Communication Right Supervision/Evaluation |
|
budget
|
a plan that provides formal quantitative expression for acquiring and distributing funds over the ensuing time period(usually 1 yr)
|
|
According to the Institute of Medicine, how many deaths were caused by safety issues in 2000?
|
98000
|
|
DEF: A person who uses interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal.
|
Leader
|
|
direct cost
|
cost that is directly related to patient care within a manger's unit
|
|
direct delegation
|
verbal direction by the RN delegator regarding an activity or task in a specific nursing care situation.
|
|
economics
|
the study of how scarce resources are allocated among possible uses in order to make appropriate choices among the increasingly scarce resources of the future
|
|
Common communication barriers:
|
Physical, psychological, semantic, and gender.
|
|
Strategic planning includes a planning committe that should include who?
|
Top adminstrators, Representatives of those closest to the work, staff to collect data, all willing to be involved and contribute.
|
|
egoism
|
the tendency to be self-centered or to consider only oneself and one's own needs
|
|
cost shifting
|
process of assigning financial charges from one cost center to another cost center
|
|
indirect delegation
|
an approved listing of activities or tasks thathave been established in policies and procedures of the health care institution or facility.
|
|
enterprise
|
an organization of any size established as a business venture
|
|
Give exmples of an organization that uses shared governance.
|
Nursing council
practice committee that would develop clinical policy on catheter usage. |
|
Define the following communication skills:
Attending Responding Clarifying Confronting |
Attending: active listening, being present in the conversation
Responding: acknolwedgement Clarifying: rephrasing, repeating Confronting: |
|
ethics
|
the doctrine that the general welfare of society is the proper goal of an individual's actions rather than egoism; branch of philosophy that concerns the distinction between right from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions
|
|
outcome
|
a component of health care that refers to the results of good care delivery achieved by using quality structures and quality processes and includes the achievemnt of outcomes such as patient satiscation
|
|
Establishing Priorities:
|
Plan your time around the activities.
Do high-priority activities first. Determine which activities are best done in a cluster. Remember that you are still responsible for activities delegated to others. Consider your peak energy time when scheduling optional activities. |
|
failure to rescue
|
the clinician's inability to save a patient's life
|
|
Rules for good feedback:
|
Reinforce constructive behavior; discourage unproductive behavior; provide recognition; and develops employee skills.
|
|
The schools of organiztional theory include what groups.
|
Classical, neoclassical, systems theory, contingency theory, and chaos theory.
|
|
Define the following group building & maintenance functions:
Coordinating Harmonizing Facilitating Supporting/encouraging Following |
Coordinating: merging ideas
Harmonizing; interceding with disputes |
|
fixed costs
|
expenses that are constant and are not related to productivity or volume
|
|
primary care
|
emphasizes 7 important features: cae that is continues, comprehensive, coordinated, community oriented, family centered, culturally competent and begun at first contact with the patient
|
|
Patient Care Needs (Delegation): RN Skills
|
Assessment
IV medications Blood administration Planning of care Physician Orders Teaching |
|
indirect cost
|
cost that is not explicitly related to care within a manger's unit but is necessary to support care (electricity, heat, air-conditioning, etc.)
|
|
DEF: "innate", skilled predictors of future events, and risk takers
|
Visionary Leader
|
|
margin
|
profit
|
|
process
|
set of causes and conditions that repeatedly come together in a series of steps to transfer inputs into outcomes
|
|
Patient Care Needs
(Delegation): LPN Skills |
Vital Signs
Some IV meds - depends on state. Physical Care |
|
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:
Stabilizer Analyzer Cheerleader Persuader Pathfinder |
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven) Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict) Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal |
|
patient classification system (PCS)
|
system for distinguishing among different patients based on their acuity, functional ability, or resource needs
|
|
T.A.C.T.F.U.L.
|
T = Think before you speak
A = Apologize quickly if you made a mistake C = Converse; do not be patronizing or sarcastic T = Time comments carefully F = Focus on behavior, not on personality U = Uncover hidden feelings L = Listen for feedback |
|
Define the Hawthorn Effect
|
The tendency for people to perform as expected because of special attention.
|
|
payer
|
3rd party reimburser (insurance company or government)
|
|
structure
|
the component of health care that includes resources or structures needed to deliver quality health care
|
|
Patient Care Needs
(Delegation): Ancillary Personnel |
PT
OT Nutrition Speech |
|
preferred provider organizations (PPO)
|
consists of a hospital and a number of practitioner providers. the PPO contracts with health care providers and payers to provide health care services to a defined population for predetermined fixed fees
|
|
Give Three examples of a health care goverance board.
|
1. Board of trustees
2. State board of health 3. board of directors 4. Governing boards for a professional organization |
|
Leaders are ________ not reactive.
|
proactive
|
|
List and define the individual functions in a group (3).
|
Blocking: arguing behavior, blocking progress
Out of field: withdrawing, not engaged Digressing: getting off topic |
|
re engineering
|
tweaking the existing health care structure and processes
|
|
absenteeism
|
the rate of employee absences from work
|
|
Patient Care Needs (Delegation): Unlicensed Personnel
|
Feeding
Hygeine Physical Care |
|
relative value unit (RVU)
|
an index number assigned to various health care services based on the relative amount of resources used to produce the service
|
|
Conflict: Sources
|
-Competition between groups
-Increased workload -Multiple role demands -Threats to professional id and territory -Threats to safety and security -Scarce resources -Cultural differences -Invasion of personal space |
|
List the 4 major elements in Classical theory.
|
Division of labor
Chain of command Organizational structure Span of control |
|
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:
Stabilizer Analyzer Cheerleader Persuader Pathfinder |
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven) Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict) Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal |
|
stakeholder
|
provider, employer, customer, patient, or prayer who may have an interest in, and seek to influence, the decisions and actions of an organizations
|
|
external forces
|
influences originating outside the organization, for example, the labor force and the economy
|
|
variable costs
|
costs that vary with volume and will increase or decrease depending on the number of patients
|
|
According to the Institute of Medicine in 2000 how many medication errors are there per hospital day?
|
1
|
|
evidence-based care
|
recognized by nursing, medicine, health care institutions, and health policy makers as care based on sate-of-the-art science reports. It is a process approach to collecting, reviewing, interpreting, critiquing, and evaluating research and other relevant literature for direct application to patient care
|
|
gap
|
the space between where the organization is and where it wants to be
|
|
Maximize your time by:
|
Setting goals.
Making schedules. Writing to-do lists. Revise and modify the to-do lists; do not throw out. Identifying time wasting behaviors. |
|
Signs of conflict:
|
-You feel very uncomfortable in a situation
-Members of your team are having trouble working together -Team members stop talking w/ each other -Team members begin "losing their cool" and attack each other verbally |
|
evidence-based medicine (EBM)
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the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patient. The practice means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research
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gap analysis
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an assessment of the differences between the expected magnet requirements and the organization's current performance on those requirements
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In the Classical theory what does the element of division of labor mean to the organization.
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1. Reduces the number of task each person must carry out
2. increases eficiency 3. leads to specialization 4.economically beneficial. |
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Define Organizational culture.
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Includes the norms, traditions, physical and organizational attributes, communication patters, policies and procedures for a specific group or organization.
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Lists:
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What & Why...prioritize according to importance.
When & Where...must each task be completed? How...much time and energy have to be devoted to these tasks. |
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Problem resolution:
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1. ID the problem
2. Generate possible solutions 3. Evaluate suggested solutions 4. Choose best solution 5. Implement solution chosen 6. If problem is not resolved then repeat process. |
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Standards are...
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...clear, objective, and known in advance.
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high quality-of-work-life organizations
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an organization that operates in a way that brings out the best in people and produces sustainable high performance over time
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In classical theory what one of the 4 major elements is chain of command, define chain of command and list 2 types of authority.
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-hierachy of authority and resonsibilites within a group
2 types-- line- linear authority, resonsible staff authority- advisory relationship in which responsiblity for actual work is assigned to others. |
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The focus of care has gone from giving care _______ the patient to giving care _______ the patient
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to, with
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Criteria for pay raises and promotions are...
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...clearly spelled out and uniformly applied.
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intellectual capital
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an individual's knowledge, skills, and abilities that have value and portability in a knowledge economy
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dominance, aggressiveness, ambition, high capacity to attain status, poise, self-confidence, tolerance of others’ views, high need to achieve, orderly thinking, sensitivity to others & flexible are all traits of which "trait" theorist?
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Gilbert (1975)
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Negotiation:
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-Manage emotions
-Set ground rules -Clarify the problem -Opening move -Continue the negotiations |
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Conditions under...
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...which employment may be terminated must be known.
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job satisfaction
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how organizational members feel about their job
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In Classical theory one of the four elements is organizational structure, please describe it.
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the arrangment of the work group, the design of the group is to foster survival and success.
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Who is resonsible for developing a vision for a organization.
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governing board,
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Appraisals are...
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...a part of the employee's permanent record and have space for employee comments.
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knowledge workers
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health care professionals who are well educated and technologically savvy and see themselves as owning their intellectual capital
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intelligence, personality & abilities are all traits of which 2 "trait" theorists?
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Stogdill (1974) and Bass (1990)
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Employees may...
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...inspect their own personnel file.
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Employees may request...
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...and be given a reasonable explanation of any rating and may appeal the rating if they do not agree with it.
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Employees are given...
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...a reasonable amount of time to correct any serious deficiencies before other action is taken, unless the safety of self or others is immediately threatened.
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Neo classical theory is also known as what.
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Humanistic theory
people desire social relationships and respond to group pressure and search for personal fulfillment |
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Hawthore effect states
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That individuals cannot be bribed to do things hey consider unreasonable.
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-Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers
-Must be flexible and adapt to each situation Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers Must be flexible and adapt to each situation Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers Must be flexible and adapt to each situation Follow which leadership theory? |
Situational leadership
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What is the purpose of organiztional theory.
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Helps explain how certain organiztional designs link with the intended outcomes of a system
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Stogdill (1974), Bass (1990), and Gilbert (1975) all had what kind of theories?
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Trait theories
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Desribe the differences bwtween line authority and staff authority.
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A manager with line authority has employees that report directly to them. A manger with staff authority advises employees but doesn't direct their work.
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What advantage does chaos theory offer as an organizational design.
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it supports flexiblity and adaptablity of an organiztion but it does not have a formal structure or standards
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Define systems theory.
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Maintains a systems view of productivity as a function of structure, people, technology and enviroment.
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dominance, aggressiveness, ambition, high capacity to attain status, poise, self-confidence, tolerance of others’ views, high need to achieve, orderly thinking, sensitivity to others & flexible are all traits of which "trait" theorist?
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Gilbert (1975)
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Define these three terms linked to systems theory.
input- throughput- output- |
input- Resources such as employees, paitents, materials, money and equipment
throughput- the work process in order to produce a product output-The product of a work process |
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Organizational theory defines system as
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A set of interrelated parts arranged in a unified whole.
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Chaos theory proposed
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That natures work does not follow a straigt line
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In chaos theory it is thought that organizations are
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made up of intertwined and diversified choices that generate unanticipated condequences.
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Chaos theory stated that the life cycle of a group
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is totally dependent on its adaptability and resonse to changes in the enviroment.
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Name some general trends that influence the enviroments in which the organization operates.
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cost containment, changing demographics, social and political impacts, changes in management, ethics
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New graduate nurse assigned to care for a patient with moderate acuity but needs a procedure that graduate nurse has only performed once before....is an example of what leadership theory?
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Situational leadership theory
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Name some methods that can hold health care accountable.
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1. care coordination
2. case management 3. Diease management 4. outcome measurments |
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A leader who...
-Start with vision -Enthusiastic -Encourage followers to follow their lead -Seeks input from followers -Take risks and encourage creativity in followers -Acts as mentor or coach -Leads to high level of motivation and morality Is following which leadership theory? |
Transformational Leader
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These 5 key practices are characteristic of what kind of leader?
- Question what has been done - Inspire shared vision with movement toward goal - Empowering others - Modeling change – “hands on” role - Using personal touches – “thank you” |
Transformational leader
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The following are....
Envisioning goals affirming values motivating managing achieving workable unity developing trust explaining serving as symobl representing the group renewing |
Garner's 9 tasks of leadership
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
Establishes and ocmmunicates goals and objectives |
basic
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
organizes, analyzes, and divides work into tasks |
Basic
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager? motivates and communicates
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basic
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
analyzes, appraises, and interprets performance and measurements |
basic
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
Develops people, including self |
basic
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
comminucates objectives and goals effectively to staff members who will help attain goals |
nurse
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
assess and evaluates activities on assigned area |
nurse
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
makes sound decisions about dividing up daily work activities for staff |
nurse
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
stresses the importance of being a good team player |
nurse
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Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
provides positive reinforcment |
nurse
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Experts say on needs more ________ skills than _______ skills
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leadership; management
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Self-awareness
Self-regulation motivation empathy Social skill are all core competencies of.... |
Emotional Intelligence
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DEF: ability to recognize ones moods and impact on others
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Self-awareness
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DEF: ability to handle emotions
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Self-regulation
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DEF: passion to engage in work
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motivation
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DEF: ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people
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Empathy
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DEF: proficiency in managing relationships and building networks
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Social skill
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The idea that emtional intelligence involves more than being introspective
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The Teddy bear factor
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These questions illistrate ___ _______ ______ ______
DO people feel comfortable with you? Do they want to be close to you? |
The teddy bear factor
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DEF: knowing ones own thoughts and feelings
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introspective
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In the Complexity theory are individuals important?
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yes
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DEF: Principle of doing right or good
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Moral
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DEF: occurs when nurses cannot provide what they percieve to be best for a given patient
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moral distress
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DEF: the moral quality of a course of action. "the principle of what is right, what is wrong, and what ought to be"
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Ethics
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DEF: ethics in relation to the health profession
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Bioethics
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DEF: a situation that requires an individual to make a choice between two or more equally unfavorable alternatives
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Ethical dilemma
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DEF: doing or producing good; especially : performing acts of kindness and charity
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Beneficience
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DEF: a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well as in their relations to authority and to each other
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Paternalism
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DEF: devotion to the truth : truthfulness
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veracity
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DEF: do no harm
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nonmaleficence
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DEF: a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people
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Egalitarian
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DEF: : a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; specifically : a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number
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Utilitarian
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What committee:
Provides structure and guidelines for potientialproblems Serve as open forums for discussion Function as true patient advocate Should include RNs, MDs, Clergy, SW, Dietary, PharmD, Administration, & Legal |
Ethics Committee
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What can be described as an objective moedl to assist with difficult ethical dilemma's?
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Crisham's ethical decision making model
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In the Crisham Model what is the mnemonic used?
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MORAL
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In the Crisham Model what does the M stand for?
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massage the dilmma
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In the Crisham Model what does the O stand for?
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outline options
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In the Crisham Model what does the R stand for?
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Review criteria and resolve
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In the Crisham Model what does the A stand for?
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affirm possition and act
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In the Crisham Model what does the L stand for?
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Look back
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In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Be aware that an ethical dilemma exists. Collect all data relates to the ethical dilemma. Determine who is involved: patient, family, nurse, clergy, physician,etc... |
M- Massage the Dilemma
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In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Do this step with all staff involved in the case. List all possible options –decision grid This can range from doing nothing to calling an interdisciplinary patient / family care conference. |
O- Outline Options
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In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Look at the options identified in the previous step & weigh them with the principles &/or primary values of those involved. Use a decision-making matrix to determine the +’s & -’s of each choice. This helps “quantify”the difficult “collaborative”decision that must be made. |
R- Review Criteria and Resolve
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In what of the Crisham Model do you:
This stage involves strategy development to be used in following through with the care. Can the health care team “live with” all potential outcomes of the strategy if it is implemented? Are resources available to assist with the decision? |
A- Affirm Position and Act
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In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Evaluate. Was the resolution successful? Was harm prevented to the patient? Was the integrity of the health care team members protected? |
L- Look Back
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DEF: monetary rate that healthcare providers set for the services they deliver
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Price (aka charges)
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DEF:: quantity or volume of services provided
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utilization
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DEF:Price x Utilization
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Health care cost
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DEF: : individuals and organizations that provide health-related business to consumers (physicians, nurse practitioners, hospitals, nurses, insurers, etc)
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Providers
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DEF: : manufacturers and distributors of all supplies and equipment used in healthcare organizations
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suppliers
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DEF: Patients/customers who use healthcare provider resources
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Consumers
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DEF: those bodies that create rules with which healthcare suppliers and providers must comply (The Joint Commission, DEA, FDA, CMS, Tennessee Department of Health, etc).
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Regulators
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DEF: sources of healthcare financing or payment for health services including government private insurance and individuals.
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Payers
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DEF: payment for service
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Reimbursement
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DEF: a detailed financial plan stated in dollars for carrying out the activities an organization wants to accomplish with a specific period of time.
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Budget
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DEF: an ongoing activity of planning and managing revenues and expenses to meet the goals of the organization.
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Budgeting process
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ADC
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Average daily census
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ALOS
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average length of stay
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What is the average daily census (ADC)?
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pt. days for a given time period/number of days in the time period
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What would the ADC be if you had 566 patient days in june (30 days in june)?
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566 pt days/ 30 days= ADC of 18.9
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What is the percentage of occupance?
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daily patient census/number of beds in the unit
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What is the average length of stay (ALOS)?
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bumber of pt days/number of patient discharges
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If you had 566 patient days and 98 patient discharges what is the ALOS?
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566 pt days/98 pt discharges= 5.8 days
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How do you calculate the hourse available to create productive staffing plans?
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Unit of service x volume (pt days or ED visits) = hours available to create productive staffing plans
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What is the ANA stance on mandaotry overtime for nurses?
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opposed
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How does the prototype evaluation system work?
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it classifies patients into broad categores to predict patient care needs
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How does the factor evaluation system work?
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assigns a rating to each patient care activiy and then add the values together= score that determines the hours of direct pt care required
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What would the percentage of occupance be if you had 19 patients in a 20 bed unit?
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19/20= 95%
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If you had 566 patient days and 98 patient discharges what is the ALOS?
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566 pt days/98 pt discharges= 5.8 days
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How does the prototype evaluation system work?
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it classifies patients into broad categores to predict patient care needs
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RIM
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relative intensity measures
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How does the factor evaluation system work?
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assigns a rating to each patient care activiy and then add the values together= score that determines the hours of direct pt care required
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DEF: the process of conditioning a child to the patterns of customs of a culture
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acculturation
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DEF: pertaining to the identification and analysis of distinct features of human behavior in different cultural, geographical and social settings.
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Cross-cultural
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DEF: the ideals, customs, skills, arts of a given people of a given time; a way of life.
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Culture
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DEF: combining different cultures and interfacing with others.
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Cultural diversity
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DEF: being sensitive to others from different backgrounds and cultures
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Cultural sensitivity
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DEF: using the culture of one’s own group as a standard for judgment of others.
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ethnocentrism
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DEF: a cultural subgroup especially a nation, that is differentiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify group and act collectively on each member
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Subculture
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DEF: ability to influence other in the effort of achieving goals
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power
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DEF: power derived from knowledge and skills
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Expert Power
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DEF: power derived from the position of authority a person holds
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Legitimate Power
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DEF: power derived from a person's ability to bestow rewards on people
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Reward Power
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DEF: power derived from a person's ability to punish or threaten others
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Coercive power
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DEF: power derived from how much others respect and like a person
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Referent (charismatic) power
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DEF: power derived from a person's connection to others with power
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Connection power
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DEF: power derived from a person's ability to provide information
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Information power
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DEF: Power derived from position person holds (job description, assigned responsibilities, recognition, advancement, authority, ability to withhold money, & decision making)
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Position Power
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DEF: derived from individual’s credibility, reputation, expertise, experience & ability to build trust
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Personal Power
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A staff nurse develops an innovative documentation system for post-operative patients. The nurse manager grants her paid leave to develop one for medical patients. What type of power is the nurse manager using?
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Reward power
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The goals of managers and leaders may be the same, but the power they use may differ. Which type of power would a leader who is not a manager be least likely to use?
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Personal power
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DEF: the process of using power
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Influence
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DEF:
Process of exercising one’s own power Process by which we facilitate participation of others in decision-making Taking action in an environment where free to exercise power PROCESS BY WHICH POWER IS SHARED |
Empowerment
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DEF: Attempts by others to diminish or demolish their opponents.
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Power Play
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DEF: using excessive power for the situation
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overuse
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DEF: failing to use your power when it is needed
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Underuse
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DEF: process of human interaction in an organization.
Proces of influencing the allocation of scarce resources, including money, time, personnel and materials |
Politics
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DEF: No membership in professional organization; no interest in legislative politics relate to nursing or healthcare
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Apathy
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DEF: Recognition of importance- without active participation
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Buy-in
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DEF: to promote own career
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self interest
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DEF: beyond self interest; high level of activity
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Political Sophistication
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DEF: very high level of activity; appointed or elected office professional organization or public arena
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Leading the way
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A staff nurse wants to become instrumental in changing a policy regarding scheduling. Which of the following might be helpful in this situation?
Complaining to the Director of Nursing Using personal power Demonstrating positional power Compiling data that would support the policy change |
Compiling data that would support the policy change
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A nurse tells other staff nurses that the manager is ineffective in order to move herself into the manager position. Which of the following would describe the actions
Using personal power Using punishment power Using a power play Using information power |
Using a power play
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Politics is defined as the art of influencing the allocation of scarce resources. These resources are:
time, materials, and money only Personnel and money only Time and money only Money, time, personnel & materials |
money, time, personnel, and materials
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foll0wership refers to
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the behaviors demonstrated by individuals with whom the leader or manager interacts.
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followership is the ...
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healthy, assertive use of personal behaviors that contributes to patient, family, and healthcare team achievement
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