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593 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Benchmarking
A method of comparing performance using identified quality indicators across institutional dimensions.
Electronic health record
An integrated record that includes information from all medical sources and can be accessed from multiple locations by sanctioned providers.
Define Management
Management is a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals.
Evidence-based practice
Applying the best scientific evidence to a patient's unique diagnosis, condition, and situation to make clinical decisions.
Integrated health care networks
Organizational health care structures that deliver a continuum of care, provide coverage for a group of individuals, and accept fixed payments for that group.
Which organization structure is this?nteractiong collection of components or parts that together make up an integrated whole. Takes all the parts to make the whole

i
system theory
Define Management
Management is a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals.
Remote care
Physicians accessing patients using wireless video connections and robots at the bedside.
Theory Z: Ouchi
It views organizations and workers more holistically. The emphasis is on collective decision making, long-term employment with slower promotions, and less direct supervision.
Leapfrog Group
A consortium of public and private purchasers that provide benefits to more than 37 million Americans in all 50 states. Rewards health care organizations that demonstrate quality outcome measures.
Robotics
Using robots to deliver supplies and remote care.
Magnet recognition program
Recognition by the American Nurses Credentialing Center that the organization provides quality nursing care.
Formal Leadership
Based on occupying a position in an organization, called assigned leadership.
Staff authority
The advisory relationship in which responsibility for actual work is assigned to others.
Critical pathways
Tools or guidelines that direct care by identifying expected outcomes.
Informal leadership
Occurs when an individual demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group, rather than as the head or leader of the group. The informal leader can be considered to emerge as a leader when accepted by others and perceived to have influence.
Differentiated practice
A nursing care delivery system that maximizes nursing resources by focusing on the structure of nursing roles according to education, experience, and competency.
Functional nursing
A nursing care delivery system in which the needs of the patients are broken down into tasks and assigned to caregivers.
Primary nursing
A nursing care delivery system in which one nurse is responsible and accountable for the nursing care of specific patients for the duration of their stay.
Team nursing
The most common delivery system; nursing staff are divided into teams, which are responsible for the care of a group of patients.
Total patient care
The original model of nursing care delivery, in which one RN is responsible for the care of a group of patients.
Achievement-oriented leadership
A leadership style that includes goal setting and maintaining high levels of performance in order to motivate employees.
Autocratic leadership
A leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by external forces; therefore, the leader makes all the decisions and directs the followers' behaviors.
Leadership characteristics
Focus on a professional and purposeful vision that provides direction toward the preferred future, passion expressed by leaders involves the ability in inspire and align people toward the promises of life, and they possess integrity based on knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity developed through experience and growth.
Charge nurse
An expanded staff nurse role with increased responsibility and the function of liaison to the nurse manager.
Which organization structure is system theory?
idea that ineracting components or parts work together to make up an integrated whole
Charismatic leadership
Leadership based on valued personal characteristics and beliefs.
Clinical nurse leader
A lateral integrator of care responsible for a specified group of clients within a microsystem of the health care setting.
Leadership Theories
Behavioral Approach
Contingency Approach
Contemporary Approach
Controlling
The process of comparing actual results with projected results.
Directing
The process of getting the work within an organization done.
Expectancy
The perceived probability that effort will result in successful performance.
First-level manager
The manager responsible for supervising nonmanagerial personnel and day-to-day activities of specific work units.
Formal
Leadership that is exercised by an individual with legitimate authority conferred by position within the organization.
Manager
An individual employed by an organization who is responsible for efficiently accomplishing the goals of the organization.
WHich organization structure theory supports achieving the purpose?
organization theory
Planning
A four stage process that includes establishment objectives, evaluating the present situation and predicting future trends and events, formulating a planning statement(means), and converting the plan into an action statement
Which organization structure is this?
organization design that supports achieving their purpose
organization theory
Formal
Leadership that is exercised by an individual with legitimate authority conferred by position within the organization.
Leader behavior
Initiating structure involves emphasis on the work to be done, focus on the task and production, concerned with how work is organized and on the achievement of goals. Consideration involves activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people.
Informal
Leadership that is exercised by an individual who does not have a specified management role.
Instrumentality
The perceived probability that performance will lead to desired outcomes.
Laissez-faire leadership
A leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by internal forces and should be left alone to complete work; leader provides no direction or facilitation.
Organizing
The process of coordinating the work to be done within an organization.
Quantum leadership
A leadership style based on the concepts of chaos theory.
Relational (connective) leadership
A leadership style that values collaboration and teamwork; interpersonal skills are used to promote collegiality in achieving organizational skills.
Fielder's Contingency Theory
Views leader behavior as dependent upon the interaction of the leader's personality and the needs of the situation. The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward the leader involves leader-member relationships, the degree of task structure, and leader's position power.
Servant leadership
The premise that leadership originates from a desire to serve; a leader emerges when others' needs take priority.
DEF: Mission
Reaseon for existence
Shared leadership
An organizational structure in which several individuals share the responsibility for achieving the organization's goals.
Hersey and Blanchad's Situational Theory
Emphasizes follower readiness as a factor in determining leadership style.
Strategic planning
A process of continual assessment, planning, and evaluation to guide the future.
Supportive leadership
A leadership style that focuses on the needs of employees.
What are the 3 primary features of the Leadership Process?
Involving People
Gaining Commitment
Energizing Participation
Connection power
Power based on an individual's formal and informal links to influential or prestigious persons within and outside an organization.
Expert power
Power based on the manager's possession if unique skills, knowledge, and competence.
What is the term for: reason for existence?
mission
Information power
Power based on an individual's access to valued information.
Path-Goal Theory
The leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment
Personal power
Power based on an individual's credibility, reputation, expertise, experience, control of resources or information, and ability to build trust.
Policy
Decisions that govern action and determine an organization's relationship's, activities, and goals.
In the system theory, interacting collection of components or parts...
go together to make up an integrated whole
Politics
A means of influencing the allocation of scarce resources, events, and the decisions of others.
Directive Style
Provides structure through direction and authority; leader is focused on the task and getting the job done.
Position power
Power of an individual that is determined by the job description, assigned responsibilities, recognition, advancement, authority, the ability to withhold money, and decision making.
Power
The potential ability to influence in order to achieve goals.
Power plays
Power plays are attempts by others to diminish or demolish their opponents.
leadership process includes:
leader followers, situation, communication, goals
Punishment (coercive) power
Power based on penalties a manager might impose if the individual or group does not comply with authority.
Referent power
Power based on admiration and respect for an individual.
Reward power
Power based on inducements offered by the manager in exchange for contributions that advance the manager's objectives.
Supportive Style
Is relationship-oriented; the leader provides encouragement, interest, and attention.
Stakeholders
People or groups with a direct interest in the work of an organization.
DEF: VIsion
Goal to which the organization aspires
Power plays
attempts by others to diminish of demolish their opponents.
Philosophy
The mission, values, and vision of an organization.
Participative Style
Focuses on involving followers int the decision-making process.
Directing
The process of getting work done within an organization.
relational leadership paradigm requires what skill set?
ability to make connections and flexible health care system
Participative leadership
A leadership style that involves consultation with subordinates in decision making.
Achievement-oriented Style
Provides high structure and direction as well as high support through consideration behavior.
Downward Communication
Communications, generally directive, given from an authority figure of manager to staff.
Fogging
A communication technique that forces an immediate end to conflict but leaves the cause unresolved.
Intersender conflict
Difficulty in interpreting the intended meaning of a message due to incongruity between verbal and nonverbal communication.
Intersender conflict
Difficulty in interpreting the intended meaning of a message due to two conflicting messages received from differing sources.
Substitutes for leadership
*Experience, ability, training
*Professionalism
*Structured, routine tasks
*Feedback provided by the task
*Intrinsic satisfaction
*Cohesive group
*Formalized organization
Metacommunication
Nonverbal messages in communications, including body language and environmental factors.
Negative assertion
A communication technique in which one accepts some blame for what was said.
Negative inquiry
A communication technique used to clarify objections and feelings (e.g. I don't understand....)
Contemporary Approaches
Address the leadership functions necessary to develop learning organizations and lead transforming change.
Which organization structure is system theory?
idea that ineracting components or parts work together to make up an integrated whole
Organization theory is a organization design that supports....
achieving a purpose
Classical theory of management (Weber)
based on structure - legalized, formal authority, consistent rules and regulations
act of accepting ownership for results or lack thereof
accountability
obligation to accomplish a task
responsibility
act of overseeing other employees
supervision
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
know
DEF: Values
the beliefs or attitudes the organizational leaders have about people, ideas, objects, or actions that form a basis for behavior
Describe Personality Trait Theory.
Propsoes that leaders are born, not made.
Emphasizes characteristics such as age, gender, IQ, attractiveness.
There is some support for this theory, but it doesn't account for 'nurture'.
What are....
the beliefs or attitudes the organizational leaders have about people, ideas, objects, or actions that form a basis for behavior
values
Theory X managers think:
workers are lazy
workers need constant supervision
workers are indifferent to organizational needs
Organizatonal culture is reflected in.....
the norms and traditions of the organization
1st step in team building strategy to improve functioning
data gathering and diagnosis
The organizational mission, vision, and philosophy should....
shape and reflect organizatonal culture
Theory Y managers think:
workers are self-motivated
workers enjoy their work
workers work hard to meet both organizational and personal goals
Which aspects should shape and reflect organizational culture?
organizational mission, vision, and philosophy
3 Primary Tasks of a leader in healthcare:
1. Set direction: Mission, goals, vision, purpose.
2. Build commitment: Motivation, spirit, teamwork.
3. Confront challenges: Innovation, change, turbulence.
Acknowledge everyone within....
10 feet of you
Adaptation-Innovation theory of problem solving
adapters - use tried and accepted ways; methodical; less risk-taking

Innovators - seek creative solutions; think "outside the box"
describe selling style
gathers information from followers, makes an independent decision, and then persuades followers to implement it
_________ __________ is the customary way of doing things
organizational culture
Organizational culture may be _________ or _________
functional or dysfunctional
DEF: learned characteristics
employes acquiesce to expectations
Risky Shift
as a group, the 'mob' is more likely to take risks than each individual would on their own
Tardiness (whether this allowed or not) is a form of ____________ characteristic in organizational culture
learned
Is organizational culture objective or subjective?
both
Satisficing vs. Maximizing
"good enough for now" - will satisfy current need, can perfect later
vs.
must be done well initially - get it done perfect the first time, takes more time
EX. Unit manager that mentors new managers and empowers employees

an example of subjective or objective organizational culture?
subjective
DEF: organizational structure reflected in organizational charts
the framework that divides work within and organization and delineates points of authority, responsibility, accountablility and non-deciision-makeing support
Descriptive or Bounded Rationality Model of decision making
you have fairly complete info but are limited by time, energy, and/or money
the framework that divides work within and organization and delineates points of authority, responsibility, accountablility and non-deciision-makeing support is characteristic of....
organizational structure reflected in organizational charts
members who reinforce status quo by keeping contraversial information away from the group
mind guards
autocratic leadership
centralized decision making style with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others
Power-coercive model of change
Accept change or leave
Connection power
visibility, status power, its who you know
What is personal power (as opposed to position power)?
built on credibility, reputation, expertise; nothing to do with your position
The ___________ ___________ can identify flaws.
organizational chart
manager role that encourages all participation
gatekeeper
Which source of power is more effective: positional or personal?
personal, because most people usually follow the rules anyway
What tool will identify duplication of functions
organizational chart
Define Diagnosis related Group
A system of prospective payment used by medicare that pays a provider a set amount for a specific condition.
What tool will identify dual reporting structures
organizational chart
AHRQ: What organziation is this?
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Stages of Conflict: Filley
antecendent/latent
conditions exist ie. short staffing, poor pay, etc.
Coordinatoin of service, expedited decision making regarding prodcut (service), clarity of purpose are all benefits of Which organizational structure chart?
service line structures (product lines)
Describe Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Motivational Theory)*
States that job satisfaction is related to the presence or absence of motivators or hygiene factors.

Presence of motivators will result in job satisfaction, but absence of factors will result in job neutrality.

Presence of Hygiene factors will result in job neutrality, absence of hygiene factors will result in job dissatisfaction.

Money is not the main motivator!!
conflict resulting from incongruence between one's expectations for performance and one's perception of resulting perfoemance
intrarole conflict
expensive, duplication of service, "silo" mentality, loss of professional relationships and loss of standardization across services are all limitations of Which organizational structure chart?
service- line strutures (product lines)
What tool will identify lack of immediate supervision
organizational chart
Describe Laissez-faire leadership style.
Leader allows followers complete decision-making freedom; provides followers with materials/resources and answers questions.

Not enough structure for many sutations to provide support, resources, high quality and timely products, etc.
Stages of Conflict: Filey
perceived conflict
recognized by individual
In the organizational chart what do boxes respresent?
individual or sub-unit responsible for a given part of the workload
Describe Laissez-faire leadership style.
Leader allows followers complete decision-making freedom; provides followers with materials/resources and answers questions.

Not enough structure for many sutations to provide support, resources, high quality and timely products, etc.
contingency theory
style that acknowledges that other factors in the environment influence outcomes as much as leadership style/leader effectiveness is contingent upon something other than the leader's behavior
Stages of Conflict: Filey
felt conflict
conflict is emotionalized
(fear, anger)
Describe Ouchi's Theory Z
States that you can improve employee loyalty by providing high job stability with a focus on their total well-being.
Vroom Yetton expectation model of leadership
determine the amount of participation in decision making needed from the staff
Stages of Conflict: Filey
manifest
action is taken
An organizational structure chart that has more autonomy in practice is considered to be...
flat
how is the heirarchy depicted in an organizational chart?
vertical dimensions
What are the 5 main general functions of managers.
Plan
Organize
Staff
Direct
Control
Describe Factor Five Theory (the Big 5).
Describes 5 personality factors as indicators for leadership success:
Openness (to change & opportunity)
Conscientiousness (self-discipline, duty, planned behavior)
Extraversion (outgoing vs. reserved)
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (sensitive vs. confident)
An organizational structure chart that has different organizational structures within one facility is considered to be a....
hybrid
Qualities of an Effective Leader:
Integrity, Courage, Initiative, Energy, Optimism, Perseverence, Balance, Ability to handle stress, Self-awareness.
Stages of Conflict: Filey
conflict aftermath
positive or negative feelings linger (I lost the argument, i'm still mad about it)
An organizational structure chart that often results during change is considered....
hybrid
stage of group development in which members depend on a leader to define purpose, tasks, and roles
forming
An organizational structure chart that may also reslut from fear of losing control is considered...
hybrid
who are the staff positions supportive to?
line positions
What is a structure audit?
looks at resources in the environment, like lighting, crash carts, etc
An organizational paradigm based on the values of interdependence and accountability that allows nurses to make decisions in a decentralized environment is defined as....
shared governance
democratic leadership
style in which participation is encouraged and authority is delegated to others
What is a process audit?
less focused on an individual; looks at the procedures followed; task-oriented
DEF: span of control
the number of hierarchical levels under the top executive
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in Knowledge of health care environment.
Clinical practice knowledge
Understanding governance
Patient care delivery models
Health care policy knowledge
anyone that uses interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal
leader
The idea that nursing practice is best determined by nurses
shared governance
the number of hierarchical levels under the top executive is considered the...
span of control
Define Leadership
Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow.
When doing performance review:
Central tendency
making everything 'just satisfactory' because its quick and easy, don't have to think about what they are good at or need to improve on
with shared governance, there is an ______________ council to represent nurses ______
elected, collectively
What is considered a wide span of control?
2-4 levels
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in professionalism.
Personal and professional accountability
Ethics
Evidence based practice
Active membership in professional organizations
Shared governance is usually based on foundations of primary nursing, _____________ and some mechanism for linical ____________
peer review, clinical advancement
How will a wide span of control appear in an organizational chart?
flat/horizontal
List 5 major trends that will impact healthcare in the next 5 years?
1. growth of managed care
2. bioterrism
3. culture diversity
4. nursing shortages
5. increased use of computerized patient records
6. increasing aged population
7. changing demogaphics
8. emphsis on the case management
McGregor's Hot Stove Rules
4 elements must be present for discipline to be fair and produce growth in a individual
1. forewarning (consequence shouldn't be a surprise)
2. immediate consequences
3. consistency
4. impartiality
The follow are principles of ___________ ___________
- parnership
-equity
-accountability
-ownership
shared governence
how will a narrow span of control appear in an organizational chart?
tall/vertical
3rd stage of group development when cohesivness develops and group defines its goals
norming
DEF: collective action
a mechanism for acfhievging professional practice through group decision-making
A narrow span of control in an organizational chart is contains....
many levels
Now for test 2...
.
a mechanism for acfhievging professional practice through group decision-making is termed....
collective action
In the concept of work description and rol the title....edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is
edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in business skills
Knowledge of finance
HR management
Strategic management
Marketing
Information management and technology
Activities that are undertaken by a group of people who have common interests are termed....
collective action
Information that edules to what the department does as well as what the role of the position is, is termed the...
title
employee-centered leadership
style with a focus on the human needs of subordinates
Under-delegation
not delegating enough
Nurse responsibilty obligates one to _________
ACT; accomplish a task
The fact that the entire chart depicts how activities have been devided (functional vs. regional) is termed the...
grouping of work segments
Describe the difference between a tall vs flat organizational structure
Flat: fewer levels in hierarchy
Tall: many levels in hierarchy

May or may not have centralized power.
what factor enhances group cohesiveness?
shared values
What gives nurses the power to control practice? (2)
credentialing
cerficications
an organizational chart is dived into functional vs regional activites by the...
group of work segments
What are the (4) Management theories.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Motivation-Hygiene Theory
McGregor's Theory X and Y
Ouchi's Theory Z
team nursing
several team leaders under charge nurse
DEF: authority
use of the power of their professional status to act in behalf of the best interest of their patients
In an organizational chart the grouping of work segments will depict...
how activities have been divided
DEF: autonomy
the right to make independent decisions regarding patient care and to take action for themselves
In an organizational chart the grouping of work segments will divide activies into __________ vs. _________
functional vs regional
Behaviors of an Effective Leader:
Thinking critically, Solving problems, Respecting the individual, Skillful communication, Goal setting, Communication of vision, Developing oneself and others.
what is servant leadership?
leader giving priority to needs of others
Automony must be consistent with....
scope of practice
Define Leadership
Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow.
the right to make independent decisions regarding patient care and to take action for themselves is termed:
autonomy
Leadership behaviors are directed towatd...
motivating people
use of the power of their professional status to act in behalf of the best interest of their patients is termed
authority
DEF: nursing governance
system by which a department of nursing controls and directs the formulation and the administration of nursing policy
formal leadership
when a person is in a position of authority or in a sanctioned role within an organization that connotes influence
house-mitchell path-goal focuses on
motivating employees
system by which a department of nursing controls and directs the formulation and the administration of nursing policy is termed
nursing governance
the degree to which an organization has urlse, stated in policy, that defines a member's function
formalization
What is the Marsh Report?
1943- Examined social security for Canada (r/t increasing poverty rates)
Whare are 3 places to find the governance statements?
mission and vision statements
organizational chart
behavior of former leaders
DEF: formalization
the degree to which an organization has rules, stated in policty, that define a members function
Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Motivational Theory)
Bottom to top model proposing that fundamental needs have to be met before higher-level needs can be.

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization
quantum leadership is based on...
change
What are 3 strategies to achieve collective action?
shared covernance
workplace advocacy
collective bargaining
DEF: centralization
location where a decision is made
What is the Heagerty Report?
1940s- Health and unemployment insurance ("Canadian National Health Insurance Act")
Describe Autocratic leadership style.
Authoritarian. Directed and managed by single leader who provides high degree of structure and rigidity. Leader controls decision-making power.

Appropriate in high intensity situations/dangerous situations. Does not include room for intuition or creativity.
WHat is the objective of workplace advocacy?
equip nurses to practice in a rapidly changing environment
A decisions made at the top is a ____________ decision
centralized
IHI: What organziation is this?
Institute for HEalthcare Improvement
leadership that inspires others through use of personal power
charismatic
DEF: collective bargaining
a mechanism for settling labor disputes by negotiation between the emplyer and representatives of the employees
A decision made at or close to the patient care level is ____________
decentralized
At-will states allow...
either party to terminate employment without reason
A decentralized decision is made....
at or close to the patient care level
Describe Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Motivational Theory)*
States that job satisfaction is related to the presence or absence of motivators or hygiene factors.

Presence of motivators will result in job satisfaction, but absence of factors will result in job neutrality.

Presence of Hygiene factors will result in job neutrality, absence of hygiene factors will result in job dissatisfaction.

Money is not the main motivator!!
consideration
activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people
leadership style most useful for highly functioning cohesive groups
democratic
Unions treat all employees in the same manner, decreasing managers ability to....
desiging, selct, or discipline staff
A centralized decision is made...
at the top of the organization
characteristic of an effective leader
flexibility
what aren't supervisors allowed to join unions?
the hire, terminate, reward, and discipline employees
What is the Hospital Insurance & Diagnostic Services Act?
1958- hospital services covered by government insurance
Are supervisors allowed to join unions?
no
What is the Medical Care Act?
1968- established Universal Health Care in Canada (all medical costs, not just hospitals).
Many physicians disagreed with this (striked)
task where group performances succeed only if all members succeed
conjunctive task
What is strategic plannin?
the process of defining and prioritizin long-term objectives of an organizaiton and devleoping sttrategies for implementation
Which organizational structure chart is still frequently used?
functional
Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Motivational Theory)
Bottom to top model proposing that fundamental needs have to be met before higher-level needs can be.

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization
encourages employees to pursue higher values and humanitarian ideals and exercise power
transformational leader
the process of defining and prioritizin long-term objectives of an organizaiton and devleoping sttrategies for implementation is termed....
strategic planning
Which organizational structure chart can develop "silo" mentality?
function
describe disjunctive task
group succeeds if only one member succeeds
Describe Democratic leadership style.
A team-based approach where decision-making power is shared among members. Promoted high job satisfaction, high degree of control, internal motivation.
What type of planning:
gives direction to the organization?
strategic
Which organizational structure chart functions necessary to produce a specific service or product are grouped together?
service-line structures (Product lines)
Which organizational structure chart has departments and services according to specialty?
functional
What type of planning:
improves efficiency
strategic
What is the Lalonde Report?
1974- focused on determinants of health; insufficiencies in biomedical model; looked at the big picture
What type of planning:
weeds out poor or underused programs
strategic
Describe Ouchi's Theory Z
States that you can improve employee loyalty by providing high job stability with a focus on their total well-being.
What type of planning:
eliminates duplication of efforts
strategic
What type of planning:
concentrates resources on important services
strategic
informal leader
individual who demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group rather than as the head or leader of the group
What type of planning:
improves communications and coodination of activities
strategic
What is the Romanow Report?
2002- re-examined public health care (with positive results); identified issue of wait times
SWOT analysis stands for....
stregths
weakness
opportunities
threats
the strengths in SWOT analysis are...
internal
How is federal government funding determined?
Government will send money to all provinces as long as health care services are being offered that follow the criteria of the Canada Health Act. Money is given via a Canada Health Transfer.
The weakness' in SWOT analysis are....
internal
Define intergrated health care networks.
organiztional health care structures that deliver a continum of care, provide coverage for a group of individuals and accept fixed payments for that group.
the opportunities in SWOT analysis are
external
The threats in SWOT analysis are...
external
"activities designed to generate and facilitate exchanges intended to satisfy human wants and needs" are termed
marketing
What are the 3 main functions of Provincial/Territorial health care systems?
Finance
Funding
Delivery
What are the four Ps of marketing?
Products
Promotion
Pricing
Place
initiating structure
style that involves and emphasis on the work to be done, a focus on the task and production
What is the Product aspect of marketing?
goods or services that meet the customer's needs
what is the promotion aspect of marketing?
advertising- getting the word out
What is the pricing aspect of marketing?
focuses on identifying the cost of the product or service
What does the palce aspect of marketing
getting the product to the consumer
When marketing, an environmental assessment will (2)....
identify target market
research target market
Tim Porter-O'Grady refers to a...
professional practice model
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in Knowledge of health care environment.
Clinical practice knowledge
Understanding governance
Patient care delivery models
Health care policy knowledge
the Tim Porter-O'Grady practice model embodies the priniciples of (4)
parterniship
equity
ownership
accountability
Which theory grants access to information?
Structural empowerment theory
job-centered leaders
style that focuses on schedules, cost, and efficiency with less attention to developing work groups and high performance goals
Which theory grants access to resoucres?
Structural empowerment theory
Which theory grants support for the work?
Structural empowerment theory
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in professionalism.
Personal and professional accountability
Ethics
Evidence based practice
Active membership in professional organizations
Which theory grants opportunity for professional growth?
Structural empowerment theory
Which theory grants formal and informal power?
Structural empowerment theory
IOM: What organziation is this?
Institute of Medicine
DEF: role theory
a framework used to understand how individuals perform within organizations
Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
The theory that looks at role ambiguity, role conflict, and role strain is...
role theory
What are the main functions of the CNO and RNAO?
CNO: sets best practice standards, regulatory body of nurses, PROTECT PUBLIC

RNAO: best practice guidelines, political activism, NURSING ADVOCACY
Which type of performance appraisal is not usualy used in nursing?
structured (tradiational ) perfomance appraisal tool
What are CCACs?
Community Care Access Centres:
Aligned with LHINS
Case managers, assess client needs and determine care plan.
Which performance scale rates an individual according to all individuals the manager evaluates?
forced distribution scale
In the Foced distribution scale individuals are rated according to their...
space among all individuals the manager evaluates
What are Community Health Centres?
Community based, integrated centres based on principles of accessibility, public participation, health promotion/illness prevention, appropriate technology, interdisciplinary collaboration
What is a possible issue with Forced distribution scale?
it undermines group cohesion by assigning ranks and ordering
Describe the general scope of a nurse manager's role in business skills
Knowledge of finance
HR management
Strategic management
Marketing
Information management and technology
Is the forced distribution scale used often in nursing?
no
Qualities of an Effective Manager:
Leadership, Clinical Expertise, Business Sense
How does the likert scale qualify responses?
strongly agree to strongly disagree
Is the likert scale popular?
yes
Describe the difference between a tall vs flat organizational structure
Flat: fewer levels in hierarchy
Tall: many levels in hierarchy

May or may not have centralized power.
is the likert scale easy to use?
yes
The halo affect in graphic rating is
positive
laissez-faire leader
passive and permissive style in which the the leader defers decision making
the horn effect in graphic rating is
negative
What are the 3 components of the Hospital Administration Triad?
CEO
Hospital Board
Medical Staff (Physicians)
leader-member relations
feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and credibility of the leader
What are the factors when communicating a message?
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Medium
Briefly describe Health Care during confederation (1940s)
Municipalities & provinces setting up their own programs
WWI & Great Depression
Old Age Pensions Act/Unemployment Insurance Act
Marsh & Heagerty Reports
What are the 3 levels of communication?
Public
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
Informational, Interpersonal, Decisional
Peer review is a form of what appraisal tool?
flexible performance appraisal tool
Define the following communication skills:

Attending
Responding
Clarifying
Confronting
Attending: active listening, being present in the conversation
Responding: acknolwedgement
Clarifying: rephrasing, repeating
Confronting:
Peer review allows _________ guidelines
collaberative
Peer review encourages ________ ________ _______
team building strategies
What are the 3 types of functions within a group?
Task functions
Group Building and Maintenance functions
Individual functions
Peer review requires a _________ team
mature
leadership
process of influence whereby the leader influence others toward goal achievement
In order for peer review to work, staff must ________ and _________ eachother
trust and respect
Define the following group building & maintenance functions:

Coordinating
Harmonizing
Facilitating
Supporting/encouraging
Following
Coordinating: merging ideas
Harmonizing; interceding with disputes
is 360 degrees used frequently with managers?
yes
what 4 asepcts does the 360 degree review include?
self appraisal
subordinate
peer
administrative feedback
What is need for the 360 degree review to work?
a computer with safe guards
NQF: What organziation is this?
National Quality Forum
It is important to _______ staff about the form of performance evaluation
educate
What is the process of group formation and action?
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
How often should an appraisal system be carried out?
at least 1 per year
Should the appraisal be shared with the employee?
yes
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:

Stabilizer
Analyzer
Cheerleader
Persuader
Pathfinder
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven)
Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal
Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict)
Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal
How should a patient be able to respond to a performance appraisal?
in writing for appeal
maintenance or hygiene factors (herzberg)
elements such as salary, job security, working conditions, status, quality or supervision, and relationships with others that prevent job disssatisfaction
what must the manager do to ensure an accurate appraisal?
observe the employees performance adequately
How often should a manager make anecdotal notes to an appraisal system?
every 3 months minimally
When appraising an employee should you focus on personal traits or characteristics?
no
Name name and describe the stages of the conflict process.
Latent: conflict may be coming inherent to situation
Perceived: understanding that conflict will occur
Felt: conflict emotionalized
Overt: opposition
Aftermath
When appraising an employee should you focus on behavior and results?
yes
Informational Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
Representing the employees.
Representing the organization.
Public relations monitoring.
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:

Stabilizer
Analyzer
Cheerleader
Persuader
Pathfinder
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven)
Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal
Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict)
Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal
What are the 4 and 5 founding principles of the Medical Care Act?
Universal Health Care:
Comprehensive
Universality
Portable
Public Administration
Accessible
What are the 3 types of conflict?
Intrapersonal
Interpersonla
Intergroup
Define Benchmarking?
A method of comparing performance using identified indicators across instiutions or disciplines. compares an organizations data with similar organiations.
Interpersonal Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
Networking.
Conflict negotiation and resolution.
Employee development and coaching.
Rewards and Punishment.
motivation factors (Herzberg)
elements such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the opportunity for development that all contribute to job satisfaction
How is federal government funding determined?
Government will send money to all provinces as long as health care services are being offered that follow the criteria of the Canada Health Act. Money is given via a Canada Health Transfer.
TJC (formerly JCAHO): What organziation is this?
The Joint Commission
position power
degree of formal authority and influence associated with the leader
Decisional Behaviors of an Effective Manager:
Employee evaluation.
Resource allocation.
Hiring and Firing.
Planning.
Job Analysis and Redesign.
substitutes for leadership
variables that may influence or have an effect on followers to the same extent as the leader's behavior
magnet hospitals
high-quality health care organizations that have meet the rigorous nursing excellence requirements as determiented by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and that are a supportive and collegial practice setting thatat incorporates principles or organizational behavior to achieve positive individual, group, and organizational outcomes
What is the purpose of managed care?
Managed care was developed in order to improve the utilization of health care resources and emphasize prevention.
Patient Identifiers
Communication of test results
Labeling of meds
Hand hygiene
Surgical time out
Labeling of specimins
.....are all....
National patient safety goals
nursing-sensitive indicators
measures that reflect the outcome of nursing action
task structure
involves the degree that work is defined, with specific procedure, explicit directions and goals
Sherman Tanks- These people try to intimidate you with “in your face” arguments, and state opinions as facts.
• Get their attention by using their first name to begin a sentence
• Maintain eye contact; give them time to wind down
• Stand up to them without fighting; don’t worry about being polite
• Suggest you sit down to continue discussions
open systems
entities that must interact with the environment to survive
Basic Listening Sequence
Listen to the: Information and emotion.
Demonstrate attentiveness through: Eye contact and body language.
Verify understanding by: Asking occasional questions, repeating important points, and summarizing.
whatis the principal purpose of a mission statment.
General statement of the purpose of an organzation or reason for their existence.
organization
a coordinated and deliberately structure social entity consisting of two or more individuals functioning on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a predetermined set of goals
taxonomy
system that orders principles into a grouping or classification
Snipers- These individuals take potshots in meetings but avoid one-on one confrontations.
• Expose the attack; draw them out in public and don’t let social convention stop you
• Get other opinions. Don’t give in to the sniper’s views
• Provide the sniper with alternatives to a direct contest.
organizational behavior
the study of human behavior in organizations
"To Err is Human" was a campaign by the ____ ___ ________ in 2000
Institute of Medicine
Who publishes the Core Measures?
Centers for medicare and medicaid (CMS)
Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
organizational commitment
how committed or loyal employees feel to the goals of the organization
Negativists- Know that nothing new will work; they’ll toss a wet blanket when you’re trying to light a fire in group brainstorming sessions
• Acknowledge their valid points
• Describe past successes
• Avoid “you’re wrong, I’m right” arguments
organizational effectiveness
an organizations sustainable high performance in accomplishing its mission and objectives
Principles for Effective Communication
Aim for clarity and focus; use direct and exact language; encourage feedback; acknowledge the contributions of others; and use the most direct channels of communication available.
What is a visio statement.
A description of the goal to which an organzation aspires
productivity
quantity and quality of output an employee generates for an organization
theory Y
view that in the context of the right conditions, people enjoy their workm they can show self-control and discipline, are able to contribute creatively and are motivated by ties to the group etc
Exploders- Throw tantrums that can escalate quickly
• Give them time to
regain self control
• If they don’t, shout a
neutral phrase such as “STOP!”
• Take a time out or have a private meeting with them
stakeholders
people or group with an interest in the performance of the organization, for example, customer, competitors, suppliers, government, and regulatory agencies
What are 4 illness' that have core measures published by the CMS?
Acute MI
Heart Failure
Pneumonia
Surgical
turnover
number of employees who resigned divided by the total number of employees during the same time period
theory Z
view of collective decision making and a focus on long-term employment that involves slower promotions and less direct supervision
Delegation Self-Assessment:
Are you able to ask others to help you?
Do you need to every task yourself?
If you ask someone to do something, do you check to see if the job was completed?
Do you take responsibility for your own behaviors?
Describe the Local Health System Integration Act.
2006- Places significant decision making power at the community level. 14 in Ontario.
altruism
the unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Assertive instead of aggressive technique
Using "I" statements instead of "you" allows you as a manager to confront an issue w/out being accusatory.
break-even-point
when income and expenses become equal
transformational leader
leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others
The five rights of delegation:
Right Task
Right Circumstances
Right Person
Right Direction/Communication
Right Supervision/Evaluation
budget
a plan that provides formal quantitative expression for acquiring and distributing funds over the ensuing time period(usually 1 yr)
According to the Institute of Medicine, how many deaths were caused by safety issues in 2000?
98000
DEF: A person who uses interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal.
Leader
direct cost
cost that is directly related to patient care within a manger's unit
direct delegation
verbal direction by the RN delegator regarding an activity or task in a specific nursing care situation.
economics
the study of how scarce resources are allocated among possible uses in order to make appropriate choices among the increasingly scarce resources of the future
Common communication barriers:
Physical, psychological, semantic, and gender.
Strategic planning includes a planning committe that should include who?
Top adminstrators, Representatives of those closest to the work, staff to collect data, all willing to be involved and contribute.
egoism
the tendency to be self-centered or to consider only oneself and one's own needs
cost shifting
process of assigning financial charges from one cost center to another cost center
indirect delegation
an approved listing of activities or tasks thathave been established in policies and procedures of the health care institution or facility.
enterprise
an organization of any size established as a business venture
Give exmples of an organization that uses shared governance.
Nursing council
practice committee that would develop clinical policy on catheter usage.
Define the following communication skills:

Attending
Responding
Clarifying
Confronting
Attending: active listening, being present in the conversation
Responding: acknolwedgement
Clarifying: rephrasing, repeating
Confronting:
ethics
the doctrine that the general welfare of society is the proper goal of an individual's actions rather than egoism; branch of philosophy that concerns the distinction between right from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions
outcome
a component of health care that refers to the results of good care delivery achieved by using quality structures and quality processes and includes the achievemnt of outcomes such as patient satiscation
Establishing Priorities:
Plan your time around the activities.
Do high-priority activities first.
Determine which activities are best done in a cluster.
Remember that you are still responsible for activities delegated to others.
Consider your peak energy time when scheduling optional activities.
failure to rescue
the clinician's inability to save a patient's life
Rules for good feedback:
Reinforce constructive behavior; discourage unproductive behavior; provide recognition; and develops employee skills.
The schools of organiztional theory include what groups.
Classical, neoclassical, systems theory, contingency theory, and chaos theory.
Define the following group building & maintenance functions:

Coordinating
Harmonizing
Facilitating
Supporting/encouraging
Following
Coordinating: merging ideas
Harmonizing; interceding with disputes
fixed costs
expenses that are constant and are not related to productivity or volume
primary care
emphasizes 7 important features: cae that is continues, comprehensive, coordinated, community oriented, family centered, culturally competent and begun at first contact with the patient
Patient Care Needs (Delegation): RN Skills
Assessment
IV medications
Blood administration
Planning of care
Physician Orders
Teaching
indirect cost
cost that is not explicitly related to care within a manger's unit but is necessary to support care (electricity, heat, air-conditioning, etc.)
DEF: "innate", skilled predictors of future events, and risk takers
Visionary Leader
margin
profit
process
set of causes and conditions that repeatedly come together in a series of steps to transfer inputs into outcomes
Patient Care Needs
(Delegation): LPN Skills
Vital Signs
Some IV meds - depends on state.
Physical Care
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:

Stabilizer
Analyzer
Cheerleader
Persuader
Pathfinder
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven)
Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal
Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict)
Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal
patient classification system (PCS)
system for distinguishing among different patients based on their acuity, functional ability, or resource needs
T.A.C.T.F.U.L.
T = Think before you speak
A = Apologize quickly if you made a mistake
C = Converse; do not be patronizing or sarcastic
T = Time comments carefully
F = Focus on behavior, not on personality
U = Uncover hidden feelings
L = Listen for feedback
Define the Hawthorn Effect
The tendency for people to perform as expected because of special attention.
payer
3rd party reimburser (insurance company or government)
structure
the component of health care that includes resources or structures needed to deliver quality health care
Patient Care Needs
(Delegation): Ancillary Personnel
PT
OT
Nutrition
Speech
preferred provider organizations (PPO)
consists of a hospital and a number of practitioner providers. the PPO contracts with health care providers and payers to provide health care services to a defined population for predetermined fixed fees
Give Three examples of a health care goverance board.
1. Board of trustees
2. State board of health
3. board of directors
4. Governing boards for a professional organization
Leaders are ________ not reactive.
proactive
List and define the individual functions in a group (3).
Blocking: arguing behavior, blocking progress
Out of field: withdrawing, not engaged
Digressing: getting off topic
re engineering
tweaking the existing health care structure and processes
absenteeism
the rate of employee absences from work
Patient Care Needs (Delegation): Unlicensed Personnel
Feeding
Hygeine
Physical Care
relative value unit (RVU)
an index number assigned to various health care services based on the relative amount of resources used to produce the service
Conflict: Sources
-Competition between groups
-Increased workload
-Multiple role demands
-Threats to professional id and territory
-Threats to safety and security
-Scarce resources
-Cultural differences
-Invasion of personal space
List the 4 major elements in Classical theory.
Division of labor
Chain of command
Organizational structure
Span of control
Explain the priorities of the following types of group members in change implementation:

Stabilizer
Analyzer
Cheerleader
Persuader
Pathfinder
Stabilizer: min concern goal accomplishment OR people involved (doesn't like change)
Analyzer: max concern efficiency BUT min concern for people (goal driven)
Cheerleader: max concern for people, min concern for goal
Persuader: med concern for both people and goal (minimized conflict)
Pathfinder: max concern for both people and goal
stakeholder
provider, employer, customer, patient, or prayer who may have an interest in, and seek to influence, the decisions and actions of an organizations
external forces
influences originating outside the organization, for example, the labor force and the economy
variable costs
costs that vary with volume and will increase or decrease depending on the number of patients
According to the Institute of Medicine in 2000 how many medication errors are there per hospital day?
1
evidence-based care
recognized by nursing, medicine, health care institutions, and health policy makers as care based on sate-of-the-art science reports. It is a process approach to collecting, reviewing, interpreting, critiquing, and evaluating research and other relevant literature for direct application to patient care
gap
the space between where the organization is and where it wants to be
Maximize your time by:
Setting goals.
Making schedules.
Writing to-do lists.
Revise and modify the to-do lists; do not throw out.
Identifying time wasting behaviors.
Signs of conflict:
-You feel very uncomfortable in a situation
-Members of your team are having trouble working together
-Team members stop talking w/ each other
-Team members begin "losing their cool" and attack each other verbally
evidence-based medicine (EBM)
the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patient. The practice means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research
gap analysis
an assessment of the differences between the expected magnet requirements and the organization's current performance on those requirements
In the Classical theory what does the element of division of labor mean to the organization.
1. Reduces the number of task each person must carry out
2. increases eficiency
3. leads to specialization
4.economically beneficial.
Define Organizational culture.
Includes the norms, traditions, physical and organizational attributes, communication patters, policies and procedures for a specific group or organization.
Lists:
What & Why...prioritize according to importance.
When & Where...must each task be completed?
How...much time and energy have to be devoted to these tasks.
Problem resolution:
1. ID the problem
2. Generate possible solutions
3. Evaluate suggested solutions
4. Choose best solution
5. Implement solution chosen
6. If problem is not resolved then repeat process.
Standards are...
...clear, objective, and known in advance.
high quality-of-work-life organizations
an organization that operates in a way that brings out the best in people and produces sustainable high performance over time
In classical theory what one of the 4 major elements is chain of command, define chain of command and list 2 types of authority.
-hierachy of authority and resonsibilites within a group
2 types--
line- linear authority, resonsible
staff authority- advisory relationship in which responsiblity for actual work is assigned to others.
The focus of care has gone from giving care _______ the patient to giving care _______ the patient
to, with
Criteria for pay raises and promotions are...
...clearly spelled out and uniformly applied.
intellectual capital
an individual's knowledge, skills, and abilities that have value and portability in a knowledge economy
dominance, aggressiveness, ambition, high capacity to attain status, poise, self-confidence, tolerance of others’ views, high need to achieve, orderly thinking, sensitivity to others & flexible are all traits of which "trait" theorist?
Gilbert (1975)
Negotiation:
-Manage emotions
-Set ground rules
-Clarify the problem
-Opening move
-Continue the negotiations
Conditions under...
...which employment may be terminated must be known.
job satisfaction
how organizational members feel about their job
In Classical theory one of the four elements is organizational structure, please describe it.
the arrangment of the work group, the design of the group is to foster survival and success.
Who is resonsible for developing a vision for a organization.
governing board,
Appraisals are...
...a part of the employee's permanent record and have space for employee comments.
knowledge workers
health care professionals who are well educated and technologically savvy and see themselves as owning their intellectual capital
intelligence, personality & abilities are all traits of which 2 "trait" theorists?
Stogdill (1974) and Bass (1990)
Employees may...
...inspect their own personnel file.
Employees may request...
...and be given a reasonable explanation of any rating and may appeal the rating if they do not agree with it.
Employees are given...
...a reasonable amount of time to correct any serious deficiencies before other action is taken, unless the safety of self or others is immediately threatened.
Neo classical theory is also known as what.
Humanistic theory
people desire social relationships and respond to group pressure and search for personal fulfillment
Hawthore effect states
That individuals cannot be bribed to do things hey consider unreasonable.
-Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers
-Must be flexible and adapt to each situation
Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers
Must be flexible and adapt to each situation
Distinct leadership styles prescribed according to the readiness and ability of followers
Must be flexible and adapt to each situation
Follow which leadership theory?
Situational leadership
What is the purpose of organiztional theory.
Helps explain how certain organiztional designs link with the intended outcomes of a system
Stogdill (1974), Bass (1990), and Gilbert (1975) all had what kind of theories?
Trait theories
Desribe the differences bwtween line authority and staff authority.
A manager with line authority has employees that report directly to them. A manger with staff authority advises employees but doesn't direct their work.
What advantage does chaos theory offer as an organizational design.
it supports flexiblity and adaptablity of an organiztion but it does not have a formal structure or standards
Define systems theory.
Maintains a systems view of productivity as a function of structure, people, technology and enviroment.
dominance, aggressiveness, ambition, high capacity to attain status, poise, self-confidence, tolerance of others’ views, high need to achieve, orderly thinking, sensitivity to others & flexible are all traits of which "trait" theorist?
Gilbert (1975)
Define these three terms linked to systems theory.
input-
throughput-
output-
input- Resources such as employees, paitents, materials, money and equipment
throughput- the work process in order to produce a product
output-The product of a work process
Organizational theory defines system as
A set of interrelated parts arranged in a unified whole.
Chaos theory proposed
That natures work does not follow a straigt line
In chaos theory it is thought that organizations are
made up of intertwined and diversified choices that generate unanticipated condequences.
Chaos theory stated that the life cycle of a group
is totally dependent on its adaptability and resonse to changes in the enviroment.
Name some general trends that influence the enviroments in which the organization operates.
cost containment, changing demographics, social and political impacts, changes in management, ethics
New graduate nurse assigned to care for a patient with moderate acuity but needs a procedure that graduate nurse has only performed once before....is an example of what leadership theory?
Situational leadership theory
Name some methods that can hold health care accountable.
1. care coordination
2. case management
3. Diease management
4. outcome measurments
A leader who...
-Start with vision
-Enthusiastic
-Encourage followers to follow their lead
-Seeks input from followers
-Take risks and encourage creativity in followers
-Acts as mentor or coach
-Leads to high level of motivation and morality
Is following which leadership theory?
Transformational Leader
These 5 key practices are characteristic of what kind of leader?
- Question what has been done
- Inspire shared vision with movement toward goal
- Empowering others
- Modeling change – “hands on” role
- Using personal touches – “thank you”
Transformational leader
The following are....
Envisioning goals
affirming values
motivating
managing
achieving workable unity
developing trust
explaining
serving as symobl
representing the group
renewing
Garner's 9 tasks of leadership
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
Establishes and ocmmunicates goals and objectives
basic
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
organizes, analyzes, and divides work into tasks
Basic
Basic manager or Nurse Manager? motivates and communicates
basic
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
analyzes, appraises, and interprets performance and measurements
basic
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
Develops people, including self
basic
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
comminucates objectives and goals effectively to staff members who will help attain goals
nurse
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
assess and evaluates activities on assigned area
nurse
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
makes sound decisions about dividing up daily work activities for staff
nurse
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
stresses the importance of being a good team player
nurse
Basic manager or Nurse Manager?
provides positive reinforcment
nurse
Experts say on needs more ________ skills than _______ skills
leadership; management
Self-awareness
Self-regulation
motivation
empathy
Social skill
are all core competencies of....
Emotional Intelligence
DEF: ability to recognize ones moods and impact on others
Self-awareness
DEF: ability to handle emotions
Self-regulation
DEF: passion to engage in work
motivation
DEF: ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people
Empathy
DEF: proficiency in managing relationships and building networks
Social skill
The idea that emtional intelligence involves more than being introspective
The Teddy bear factor
These questions illistrate ___ _______ ______ ______
DO people feel comfortable with you?
Do they want to be close to you?
The teddy bear factor
DEF: knowing ones own thoughts and feelings
introspective
In the Complexity theory are individuals important?
yes
DEF: Principle of doing right or good
Moral
DEF: occurs when nurses cannot provide what they percieve to be best for a given patient
moral distress
DEF: the moral quality of a course of action. "the principle of what is right, what is wrong, and what ought to be"
Ethics
DEF: ethics in relation to the health profession
Bioethics
DEF: a situation that requires an individual to make a choice between two or more equally unfavorable alternatives
Ethical dilemma
DEF: doing or producing good; especially : performing acts of kindness and charity
Beneficience
DEF: a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well as in their relations to authority and to each other
Paternalism
DEF: devotion to the truth : truthfulness
veracity
DEF: do no harm
nonmaleficence
DEF: a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people
Egalitarian
DEF: : a doctrine that the useful is the good and that the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; specifically : a theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number
Utilitarian
What committee:
Provides structure and guidelines for potientialproblems
Serve as open forums for discussion
Function as true patient advocate
Should include RNs, MDs, Clergy, SW, Dietary, PharmD, Administration, & Legal
Ethics Committee
What can be described as an objective moedl to assist with difficult ethical dilemma's?
Crisham's ethical decision making model
In the Crisham Model what is the mnemonic used?
MORAL
In the Crisham Model what does the M stand for?
massage the dilmma
In the Crisham Model what does the O stand for?
outline options
In the Crisham Model what does the R stand for?
Review criteria and resolve
In the Crisham Model what does the A stand for?
affirm possition and act
In the Crisham Model what does the L stand for?
Look back
In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Be aware that an ethical dilemma exists.
Collect all data relates to the ethical dilemma.
Determine who is involved: patient, family, nurse, clergy, physician,etc...
M- Massage the Dilemma
In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Do this step with all staff involved in the case.
List all possible options –decision grid
This can range from doing nothing to calling an interdisciplinary patient / family care conference.
O- Outline Options
In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Look at the options identified in the previous step & weigh them with the principles &/or primary values of those involved.
Use a decision-making matrix to determine the +’s & -’s of each choice. This helps “quantify”the difficult “collaborative”decision that must be made.
R- Review Criteria and Resolve
In what of the Crisham Model do you:
This stage involves strategy development to be used in following through with the care.
Can the health care team “live with” all potential outcomes of the strategy if it is implemented? Are resources available to assist with the decision?
A- Affirm Position and Act
In what of the Crisham Model do you:
Evaluate.
Was the resolution successful?
Was harm prevented to the patient?
Was the integrity of the health care team members protected?
L- Look Back
DEF: monetary rate that healthcare providers set for the services they deliver
Price (aka charges)
DEF:: quantity or volume of services provided
utilization
DEF:Price x Utilization
Health care cost
DEF: : individuals and organizations that provide health-related business to consumers (physicians, nurse practitioners, hospitals, nurses, insurers, etc)
Providers
DEF: : manufacturers and distributors of all supplies and equipment used in healthcare organizations
suppliers
DEF: Patients/customers who use healthcare provider resources
Consumers
DEF: those bodies that create rules with which healthcare suppliers and providers must comply (The Joint Commission, DEA, FDA, CMS, Tennessee Department of Health, etc).
Regulators
DEF: sources of healthcare financing or payment for health services including government private insurance and individuals.
Payers
DEF: payment for service
Reimbursement
DEF: a detailed financial plan stated in dollars for carrying out the activities an organization wants to accomplish with a specific period of time.
Budget
DEF: an ongoing activity of planning and managing revenues and expenses to meet the goals of the organization.
Budgeting process
ADC
Average daily census
ALOS
average length of stay
What is the average daily census (ADC)?
pt. days for a given time period/number of days in the time period
What would the ADC be if you had 566 patient days in june (30 days in june)?
566 pt days/ 30 days= ADC of 18.9
What is the percentage of occupance?
daily patient census/number of beds in the unit
What is the average length of stay (ALOS)?
bumber of pt days/number of patient discharges
If you had 566 patient days and 98 patient discharges what is the ALOS?
566 pt days/98 pt discharges= 5.8 days
How do you calculate the hourse available to create productive staffing plans?
Unit of service x volume (pt days or ED visits) = hours available to create productive staffing plans
What is the ANA stance on mandaotry overtime for nurses?
opposed
How does the prototype evaluation system work?
it classifies patients into broad categores to predict patient care needs
How does the factor evaluation system work?
assigns a rating to each patient care activiy and then add the values together= score that determines the hours of direct pt care required
What would the percentage of occupance be if you had 19 patients in a 20 bed unit?
19/20= 95%
If you had 566 patient days and 98 patient discharges what is the ALOS?
566 pt days/98 pt discharges= 5.8 days
How does the prototype evaluation system work?
it classifies patients into broad categores to predict patient care needs
RIM
relative intensity measures
How does the factor evaluation system work?
assigns a rating to each patient care activiy and then add the values together= score that determines the hours of direct pt care required
DEF: the process of conditioning a child to the patterns of customs of a culture
acculturation
DEF: pertaining to the identification and analysis of distinct features of human behavior in different cultural, geographical and social settings.
Cross-cultural
DEF: the ideals, customs, skills, arts of a given people of a given time; a way of life.
Culture
DEF: combining different cultures and interfacing with others.
Cultural diversity
DEF: being sensitive to others from different backgrounds and cultures
Cultural sensitivity
DEF: using the culture of one’s own group as a standard for judgment of others.
ethnocentrism
DEF: a cultural subgroup especially a nation, that is differentiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify group and act collectively on each member
Subculture
DEF: ability to influence other in the effort of achieving goals
power
DEF: power derived from knowledge and skills
Expert Power
DEF: power derived from the position of authority a person holds
Legitimate Power
DEF: power derived from a person's ability to bestow rewards on people
Reward Power
DEF: power derived from a person's ability to punish or threaten others
Coercive power
DEF: power derived from how much others respect and like a person
Referent (charismatic) power
DEF: power derived from a person's connection to others with power
Connection power
DEF: power derived from a person's ability to provide information
Information power
DEF: Power derived from position person holds (job description, assigned responsibilities, recognition, advancement, authority, ability to withhold money, & decision making)
Position Power
DEF: derived from individual’s credibility, reputation, expertise, experience & ability to build trust
Personal Power
A staff nurse develops an innovative documentation system for post-operative patients. The nurse manager grants her paid leave to develop one for medical patients. What type of power is the nurse manager using?
Reward power
The goals of managers and leaders may be the same, but the power they use may differ. Which type of power would a leader who is not a manager be least likely to use?
Personal power
DEF: the process of using power
Influence
DEF:
Process of exercising one’s own power
Process by which we facilitate participation of others in decision-making
Taking action in an environment where free to exercise power
PROCESS BY WHICH POWER IS SHARED
Empowerment
DEF: Attempts by others to diminish or demolish their opponents.
Power Play
DEF: using excessive power for the situation
overuse
DEF: failing to use your power when it is needed
Underuse
DEF: process of human interaction in an organization.
Proces of influencing the allocation of scarce resources, including money, time, personnel and materials
Politics
DEF: No membership in professional organization; no interest in legislative politics relate to nursing or healthcare
Apathy
DEF: Recognition of importance- without active participation
Buy-in
DEF: to promote own career
self interest
DEF: beyond self interest; high level of activity
Political Sophistication
DEF: very high level of activity; appointed or elected office professional organization or public arena
Leading the way
A staff nurse wants to become instrumental in changing a policy regarding scheduling. Which of the following might be helpful in this situation?
Complaining to the Director of Nursing
Using personal power
Demonstrating positional power
Compiling data that would support the policy change
Compiling data that would support the policy change
A nurse tells other staff nurses that the manager is ineffective in order to move herself into the manager position. Which of the following would describe the actions
Using personal power
Using punishment power
Using a power play
Using information power
Using a power play
Politics is defined as the art of influencing the allocation of scarce resources. These resources are:
time, materials, and money only
Personnel and money only
Time and money only
Money, time, personnel & materials
money, time, personnel, and materials
foll0wership refers to
the behaviors demonstrated by individuals with whom the leader or manager interacts.
followership is the ...
healthy, assertive use of personal behaviors that contributes to patient, family, and healthcare team achievement