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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 reasons that client education is one of nurse's most important roles
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1. shorter hospital stays
2. increased time demands on nurses 3. increased numbers of chronically ill patients 4. need to give acutely ill patients meaningful info asap |
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Nurses provide clients with information needed for self-care to ensure ___________from the hospital to the home.
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continuity of care
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3 things a well-designed, comprehensive teaching plan does
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1. reduces health care costs
2. improves care quality 3. provides info about treatment |
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3 things clients can do with proper education
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1. make informed health decisions
2. become healthier 3. become more independent |
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Clients have the right to know and to be informed about their ______, ________, and _________ .
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diagnoses
prognoses available treatments |
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What do ALL state nurse practice acts recognize with respect to client teaching?
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that client teaching falls within the scope of nursing practice
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The Joint Commission
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sets standards for client and family education
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5 topics of education
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1. meds
2. nutrition 3. use of medical equipment 4. pain 5. client's plan of care |
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4 client aspects which must be considered for effective education
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1. psychosocial values
2. spiritual values 3. cultural values 4. desire to actively participate in the educational process |
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It is important to ______ evidence of client education.
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document
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goal of educating others about their health
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to assist persons in achieving optimal levels of health
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ANA Position Statement on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (1977) promotes a focus on ________ and _______.
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promoting health
preventing illness |
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What 2 things is preventative health care essential in reducing?
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health care costs
reducing hardships on persons |
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3 purposes of comprehensive client education
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1. health maintenance/promotion
2. illness prevention 3. coping with impaired functions |
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Greater knowledge results in __________.
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better health maintenance habits
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4 places where nurses provide info and skills
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1. school
2. home 3. clinic 4. workplace |
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Promoting healthy behavior through education allows clients to ___________.
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assume more responsibility for their health
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Injured/ill clients need information and skills to help them ________ or _________ their __________.
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regain
maintain levels of health |
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Some clients who find it difficult to to adapt to illness become ______ and _____________.
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passive
uninterested in learning |
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The nurse much gauge the client's ________ to learn and _________ in learning.
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willingness
motivate interest |
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The ______ is often a vital part of a client's return to health.
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family
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Do not ________ that the family should be involved in a teaching plan but __________ the client-family relationship before providing education.
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assume
assess |
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T/F: Many clients have to learn to cope with permanent health alterations after illness/injury.
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true
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2 types of changes in function
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1. physical
2. psychosocial |
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Comparing the __________ with the ___________ enables the nurse to plan effective teaching programs.
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desired level of health
actual state |
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teaching
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interactive process that promotes learning
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learning
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purposeful acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors & skills.
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It is ________ to separate teaching from learning.
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impossible
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A teacher providesinformation that prompts the learner to ________ that lead to a _________.
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engage in activities
desired change |
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What marks the beginning of teaching and learning?
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identification of a need for knowledge/skill
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When is teaching most effective?
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when it responds to learner's needs
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2 ways teacher assesses needs of learner
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asking questions
determining learner's interests |
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What is essential for successful teaching?
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interpersonal communication
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Clients have the right to make __________ about their care.
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informed decisions
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Nurses have an ___________ to teach their clients.
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ethical responsibility
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The info needed to make informed decisions needs to be _______, ________, _________________.
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accurate
complete relevant to client's needs |
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Name of TJC 2007 campaign to help clients understand their rights when receiving medical care
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"Know Your Rights"
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The nurse should carefully determine what clients _________ and find the time when they are _________.
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need to know
ready to learn |
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The teaching process closely parallels the ___________.
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communication process
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learning objective
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what the learner will be able to do after instruction
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4 things influence the way nurse delivers info
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1. attitudes
2. emotions 3. values 4. knowledge |
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3 domains of learning
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1. cognitive (understanding)
2. affective (attitudes) 3. psychomotor (motor skills) |
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5 types of teaching methods for cognitive learning
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1. discussion (indiv. or group)
2. lecture 3. Q & A session 4. role play, discovery 5. independent project/field experience |
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3 types of teaching methods for affective learning
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1. role play
2. group discussion 3. 1 on 1 discussion |
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4 types of teaching methods for psychomotor learning
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1. demonstration
2. practice 3. return demonstration 4. independent projects, games |
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Hierarchy of cognitive behaviors (6 behaviors)
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1. knowledge
2. comprehension 3. application 4. analysis 5. synthesis 6. evaluation |
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knowledge
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learning new facts and being able to recall them
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comprehension
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ability to understand meaning of learned material
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application
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using abstract, newly learned ideas in a concrete situation
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analysis
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breaking down info into organized parts
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cognitive learning
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includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking
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affective learning
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deals with expression of feelings and acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values
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example of affective learning
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values clarification
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Hierarchy of affective learning behaviors (5 behaviors)
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1. receiving
2. responding 3. valuing 4. organizing 5. characterizing |
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receiving
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being willing to attend to another person's words
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responding
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active participation through listening and reacting verbally and nonverbally
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valuing
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attaching worth to an object or behavior (demonstrated by the learner's behavior)
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organizing
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developing value system by identifying and organizing values and resolving conflicts
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characterizing
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acting and responding with consistent value system
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psychomotor learning
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acquiring skills that require integration of mental and muscular activity
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Hierarchy of psychomotor learning behaviors (7 behaviors)
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1. perception
2. set 3. guided response 4. mechanism 5. complex overt response 6. adaptation 7. origination |
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perception
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awareness of objects/qualities through use of sense organs
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set
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readiness to take a particular action
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guided response
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imitation of a demonstrated act with instructor's guidance
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mechanism
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learner gains confidence and skill through practice
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complex overt response
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smooth and accurate performance of a motor skill requiring a complex movement pattern
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adaptation
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ability to change a motor response when unexpected problems occur
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origination
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create new movement patterns based on existing psychomotor skills and abilities
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3 influences on motivation
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1. previous knowledge
2. attitudes 3. sociocultural factors |
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4 ways people process information
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1. seeing and hearing
2. reflecting and acting 3. reasoning logically and intuitively 4. analyzing and visualizing |
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Motivation addresses a person's _______ or _______ to learn.
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desire
willingness |
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attentional set
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mental state that allows learner to focus on and comprehend a learning activity
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As anxiety ________, the client's ability to learn generally ________.
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increases
decreases |
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Manage the client's ________ before providing education to improve the client's comprehension and understanding of the information.
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anxiety
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3 motives for learning
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1. social motive
2. task mastery 3. physical motive |
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motivation
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force that acts on/within a person that causes the person to behave in a particular way
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social motive
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a need for connection, social approval, or self-esteem
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task mastery motive
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based on needs such as achievement and competence
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physical motive
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desire to attain/return to state of physical normalcy
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compliance
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client's adherence to the prescribed course of therapy
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For learning to occur, a nurse must first assess the client's ______, ______, and ________.
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ideas
beliefs motivation |
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social learning theory
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provides one of the most useful approaches to client education - it explains characteristics of the learner and guides the educator in developing effective teaching interventions resulting in enhanced learning & improved motivation
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According to social learning theory (Bandura), people continuously try to _______________.
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control events that affect their lives
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self-efficacy
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person's perceived ability to successfully complete a task
("can do" attitude) |
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When people believe they are __________, they are more likely to ______________.
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able to complete a task
actually perform the behavior consistently and correctly |
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4 sources of self-efficacy beliefs
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1. enactive mastery experiences
2. vicarious experiences 3. verbal persuasion 4. physiological and affective states |
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Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of ___________.
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healthy behaviors
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When a client experiences loss of health, he/she needs to ______.
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grieve
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The grieving process allows the client to ______________.
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adapt psychologically to emotional and physical implications of illness
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The nurse should wait until client reaches the grieving stage of _________ to initiate teaching.
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acceptance
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Client's _________ in learning implies an__________ to acquire knowledge/skills.
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involvement
eagerness |
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Before beginning a teaching plan, the nurse should know client's level of ________ and _______.
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knowledge
intellectual skills |
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Learning occurs more readily when new information _________ existing knowledge.
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complements
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A child's capacity to learn and the type of behaviors a child is able to learn depend on the child's ___________.
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maturation level
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Info presented to children should be ________, and the expected outcomes should be _______, based on the child's __________.
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understandable
realistic developmental stage |
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Adult learning is enhanced by encouraging them to draw on ________ to solve problems.
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life experiences
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The ability to learn often depends on the client's level of ________ and overall _________.
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physical development
physical health |
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3 things needed to learn psychomotor skills
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1. strength
2. coordination 3. sensory acuity |
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It's useless to teach a client to transfer from bed to wheelchair if the client lacks sufficient upper body strength.
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good example: why nurse must accurately assess physical capability before teaching
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Any condition which depletes a person's _______ also impairs learning ability.
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energy
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5 stages of grief (re adaptation to illness)
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1. denial
2. anger 3. bargaining 4. resolution 5. acceptance |
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infant teaching methods
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1. consistent routines
2. build trust by holding infant firmly while smiling and speaking softly 3. have infant touch diff. textures |
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toddler teaching methods
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1. use play
2. offer picture books that describe story of kids in hospital, etc. 3. use simple words |
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preschooler teaching methods
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1. use role play, imitation, play
2. encourage questions 3. encourage learning together through pictures and short stories |
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school-age teaching methods
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1. teach psychomotor skills
2. offer opportunities to discuss health problems and answer questions |
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adolescent teaching methods
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1. help him learn about feelings and need for self-expression
2. make teaching collaborative activity 3. allow adolescents to make decisions 4. use problem-solving to help adolescents make choices |
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young/middle adult teaching methods
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1. encourage participation in teaching plan by setting mutual goals
2. encourage independent learning 3. offer info |
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older adult teaching methods
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1. teach when client is alert and rested
2. involve adult in discussion/ activity 3. focus on wellness and strength 4. use approaches that enhance client's reception of stimuli 5. keep teaching sessions short |
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7 factors to consider re learning environment
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1. no. of persons to be taught
2. need for privacy 3. room temp 4. room lighting 5. room ventilation 6. furniture arrangement 7. noise |
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In general, a learning environment should be ______ and ________.
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quiet
comfortable |
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If teaching a group, nurse should arrange the participants to be able to observe each other's _______ and ________ interactions.
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verbal
nonverbal |
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nursing process v. teaching process
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The nursing process requires assessment of all data sources to determine a client's total health needs. The teaching process focuses on learning needs and willingness and capability to learn.
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3 things to assess to be successful in teaching a client
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1. relevant content
2. learning ability 3. instruction resources available |
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An effective assessment provide the basis for ______________.
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individualized client teaching
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Because a client's health status is dynamic, assessment is an ____________.
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ongoing activity
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3 learning needs to assess
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1. info needed by client
2. client's experiences that influence need to learn 3. info that family/friends need to support client |
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7 motivational factors to assess
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1. behavior
2. health beliefs/sociocultural background 3. perception of severity/ susceptibility of health problem and benefits/barriers to treatment 4. perceived ability to perform health behaviors 5. desire to learn 6. attitudes about health care providers 7. learning style preference |
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Health care providers often underestimate the client's _________ deficits.
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cognitive
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5 factors in health care setting which often impair learning ability
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1. fatigue
2. body temp 3. electrolyte levels 4. oxygenation status 5. blood glucose level |
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6 factors to assess re learning ability
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1. physical strength, coordination
2. sensory deficits 3. client's reading level 4. client's developmental level 5. cognitive function 6. physical symptoms: pain, fatigue, anxiety, etc. |
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3 factors to assess re teaching environment
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1. distractions/noise
2. room comfort 3. room facilities/equipment |
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5 factors to assess re learning resources
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1. client's willingness to have family/friends involved in teaching plan and care
2. family/friends' perceptions and understanding of client's illness and its implications 3. family/friends' willingness/ability to participate in care 4. resources (financial, material) 5. teaching tools |
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Health literacy is a strong predictor of ________.
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health status
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functional illiteracy
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inability to read above 5th grade level
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5 populations that tend to have lower health literacy scores
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1. older adults
2. men 3. people who didn't speak English before entering school 4. poor 5. people w/o high school education |
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________ and ________ adults tend to have higher literacy levels than _______, _______, or ________ adults.
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white
Asian/Pacific Islander African American Native American/Alaska native multiracial |
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What population has lowest levels of health literacy?
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Hispanic adults
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To ensure client _____, all health care providers must make sure that info is presented _______ and in a ___________ manner.
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safety
clearly culturally sensive |
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Over 75 million American adults had _________ levels of health literacy.
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basic/below basic
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Clients with ADHD frequently have difficulty ________ information and staying _______ during educational sessions, in addition to having a lower threshold of _______.
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recalling info
focused frustration |