Nursing Exam For Chapters....

Front 1

vital signs

Back 1

body temperature, pulse rate, repiratory rate, and blood pressure.

Front 2

shell tempature

Back 2

warmth at the skin surface

Front 3

core tempature

Back 3

warmth in deeper sites within the body like the brain and heart. Core tempature is much more significant than shell tempature because ther eis a narrow randge within which core temp. can flutuate without resulting in negative outcomes.

Front 4

thermokinetics

Back 4

heat in motion

Front 5

fahrenheit scale

Back 5

scale that uses 32 degrees F. as the tempaerture at which water freezed and 212 F as the point at which water boils.

Front 6

centigrade scale

Back 6

scale that uses the 0 C as the temp. at which water freezed and 100C at which water boils, this is used more often in scentific research and in countries that follow the metric system. Nurses are required to to use both.

Front 7

homeothermic

Back 7

various structural and physiological adaptions keep their body temp. within narrow stable range regardless of enviromental temp.

Front 8

hypothalamus

Back 8

a structure within the brain that helps control various metabloic activities. Acts as the center for temp. regulation.

Front 9

anterior hypothalamus

Back 9

promotes heat loss

Front 10

posterior hypothalamus

Back 10

promotes two functions, heat production and heat conservation

Front 11

piloerection

Back 11

the contraction of arrector pili muscles in skin follicles, which stiffens body and hairs and gives the appreance of what commonly is described goosh flesh.

Front 12

set point

Back 12

optimal body temp.within 1 degree C by responding to slight changes in responses accompany the temp. regulating mechanism of the hyppthamlamus.

Front 13

thermogensis

Back 13

heat production

Front 14

white adipocytes

Back 14

fat cells that provide heat insulation and cushioning of internal structures.

Front 15

metabolic rate

Back 15

use of calories for sustaining body functions. Twice that of adults.

Front 16

brown adipcytes

Back 16

people that live in predomitanely cold climates have more brown adipocytes (fat cells uniquely adapted for thermogenesis.

Front 17

circadian rhythm

Back 17

are physiologic changes, such as fluctuatins in body temp. and other vital signs, over 24 hrs.

Front 18

thermistor catheter

Back 18

heat sensing device at the tip of an internally placed tube. This is to receive the temp. throught the blood circulation throught the heart, esphogus, or bladder.

Front 19

cerumen

Back 19

ear wax

Front 20

drawdown effect

Back 20

cooling the ear when it comes in contact with the probe occurs.

Front 21

offset

Back 21

predictive mathmatical conversions

Front 22

pyrexia

Back 22

greek word used for fire, is a term used to describe a warmer than normal set point

Front 23

febrile

Back 23

condition in which the temp. is elevated, as opposed to afebril, (no fever).

Front 24

hyperthermia

Back 24

excessively high core tempature, describes a state in which the temp. exceeds 105.8 degrees F (40.6 degrees C).

Front 25

sustained fever

Back 25

a fever that continues, remains elevated, and fluctuates little

Front 26

remittent fever

Back 26

a fever taht fluctuates several degrees but does not reach normal between flucuations.

Front 27

intermittent fever

Back 27

cycles frequently between periods or normal or subnormal tempatures and spikes a fever.

Front 28

invasion phase

Back 28

the period when a fever begins

Front 29

defervescence phase

Back 29

return of an elevated body temp. to normal.

Front 30

anipyrectics

Back 30

drugs that reduce fever, such as aspirin and acetaminophen are helpful

Front 31

hypothermia

Back 31

core body temp. less that 95 degress F (35 degrees C).

Front 32

bradycardia

Back 32

less than 60 bpm in adults

Front 33

newborn pulse ratesq

Back 33

120-160 bpm approximate average is 140 bpm

Front 34

1-12 months

Back 34

80 to 140 approximate average is 120 bpm

Front 35

1-2 years pulse rate

Back 35

80 to 130 approximate average is 110

Front 36

3-6 years pulse rate

Back 36

75 to 120 bpm, approximate average is 100 bpm

Front 37

7-12 years pulse rate

Back 37

75-110 bpm approximate average is 95 bpm

Front 38

adolescence pulse rate

Back 38

60 to 100 bpm appoximate average is 80 bpm

Front 39

adulthood pulse rate

Back 39

60 to 100 bpm appoximate average is 80 bpm.

Front 40

pulse rhythm

Back 40

pattern of the pulsations and the pauses between them, is normally regular

Front 41

arrhythmia or dyshythmia

Back 41

irregular pattern of heartbeats, with a consequently irregular pulse rhythm is reported promptly.

Front 42

pulse volume

Back 42

quality of pulsations felt, usually is related to amount of blood pumped with each heart beat, or the force of the hearts contraction.

Front 43

apical heart rate

Back 43

number of ventricular contractions per minute, is considered more accurate than the radial pulse for 2 reasons, the shound of each heatbeat is obvious and distinct, and sometimes the heart contraction is not strong enough to be felt at the peripheral pulse site.

Front 44

apical radial rate

Back 44

number of sounds heard at the hearts apex and the rate of the radial pulse during the same perios, is counted by separate nurses at the same time using one watch or clock.

Front 45

absent pulse

Back 45

no pulsation is felt despite exteme pressure.

Front 46

thready pulse

Back 46

pulsation is easily felt and takes moderate pressure to cause it to disappear.

Front 47

2+ weak pulse

Back 47

it is stronger than a thready pulse, light pressure causes it to disappear.

Front 48

4+ bounding pulse

Back 48

pulsation is strong and does not disappear with moderate pressure.

Front 49

Absent pulse

Back 49

no pulsation is felt despite exteme pressure.

Front 50

normal pulse

Back 50

pulsation is felt easily, moderate pressure causes it to disappear.

Front 51

pulse deficit

Back 51

the differences between the apical and radial pulse rates.

Front 52

apnea

Back 52

a period in which there is no breathing

Front 53

bradypnea

Back 53

a below average or slow respitory rate

Front 54

cheyne strokes respiration

Back 54

a gradual increase and then a gradual decrease in depth of respiration, followed by a period of apnea

Front 55

dyspnea

Back 55

difficult labored breathing

Front 56

hyperventilation

Back 56

a condition in which a reduced amount of air enters the lungs

Front 57

hypoventilaton

Back 57

abnormally prolonged, rapid, and deep respiration

Front 58

orthopnea

Back 58

a condition in which breathing is easier when the client is in a sitting or standing position

Front 59

stertorous

Back 59

a general term referring to noisy breathing

Front 60

stridor

Back 60

a harsh, high pitched sound that occurs heard on inspiration in the presence of an obstruction in larger airways such as the laryn

Front 61

tachypnea

Back 61

a repiration rate that is more rapid than normal

Front 62

hypothalamus

Back 62

the area of the brain that the bodys temp. is regulated

Front 63

hypothermia

Back 63

the condition in which the body temp is below the average normal

Front 64

arrhythmia

Back 64

irregular pattern of hearbeats.

Front 65

thready

Back 65

a term commonly used to identify a feeble and weak pulse.

Front 66

pulse deficit

Back 66

the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates.

Front 67

pulse pressure versues blood pressure

Back 67

142/100 you would subtate the lowest # from the highest and get a pulse of 42.

Front 68

ausculatation

Back 68

Auscultation is the technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. Auscultation is normally performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory system and respiratory system (heart sounds and breath sounds), as well as the gastrointestinal system (bowel sounds).

Front 69

3 mintute rule

Back 69

the nurse should wait 3 minutes in between taking a blood pressure from standing to a laying position

Front 70

physical assessment

Back 70

systematic examination of the body structures, is one way of gathering health data

Front 71

4 basic pyscial assessments

Back 71

inspection, percussion, palpation, and ausculation

Front 72

inspection

Back 72

purposeful observation, is the most frequently used technique

Front 73

percussion

Back 73

is the least used nursing assessment technique, is striking or tapping a part of the body.

Front 74

palpation

Back 74

a t

Front 75

ausculation

Back 75

listening to body sounds is a frequently used assessment technque. the heat, lungd and abdomen are the stuctures most often assessed through auscultaton.

Front 76

percussion sounds, muted

Back 76

soft, flat, muscle bone

Front 77

percussion sounds, thud

Back 77

soft to moderate, dull, liver, full bladder, tumorous mass

Front 78

percussion sounds, empty

Back 78

moderate to loud, resonant, normal lung

Front 79

percussion sounds, cavernous

Back 79

loud, tympanic, intestin filled air

Front 80

percussion sounds, booming

Back 80

very loud, hyperresonat, barrel shaped chest overinflatted with trapped air as a reult of chonic disease.

Front 81

accuate pulse sites

Back 81

teporal(temple area), cartotoid (

Front 82

carotid

Back 82

common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.)

Front 83

brachial artery

Back 83

The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure.

Front 84

radial artery

Back 84

In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm.

Front 85

brachial artery

Back 85

The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the upper arm.

The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure.

Front 86

dorsalis pedis

Back 86

dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. The dorsalis pedis artery pulse can be palpated readily lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation.[1] It is often examined, by physicians, when assessing whether a given patient has peripheral vascular disease. It is absent, unilaterally or bilaterally, in 2-3 % of young healthy individuals.

Front 87

femoral artery

Back 87

The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh.

Front 88

femoral artery

Back 88

The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh.

Front 89

psterior tibial

Back 89

The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. The posterior tibial artery pulse can be readily palpated posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus and is often examined by physicians when assessing a patient for peripheral vascular disease. It is very rarely absent in young and healthy individuals; in a study of 547 healthy individuals only one person did not have a palpable posterior tibial artery.

Front 90

head to toe approach

Back 90

means gathering data from the top of the body to the feet. this has 3 advantages, it helps to prevent overlooking some aspect of the data collection, it reduces the number of position changes required of the client, it generally takes less time because the nurse is not constantly moving around the client in what may appear to be a haphazard manner.

Front 91

pacacentsis`

Back 91

is a procedure that involves puncturing the skin and subseqently cavity so that body fluid may be withdrawn

Front 92

queckenstedt

Back 92

test is done during lumbar puncture. this is used to determine the prescense or absence of an obsruction of the flow of cerbrospinal fluid

Front 93

electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 93

is an examination that records an image of the elecrical activity in the brain.

Front 94

dorsal recumbent position

Back 94

is used to examine the vagina rectum

Front 95

lithotomy postion

Back 95

is used to position to examine the vagina with a speculum. it is also used when the internal female reputive organs are palpated, and when make or female bladder inspections are done with a cytoscope

Front 96

consent must contain 3 elements"

Back 96

in sone cases a signed consent form may be required before certain tests or examinations may be performed. In order for it to be legally sound consent must contain 3 elements, capacity, comprehension, and volunteers.

Front 97

class 111 result

Back 97

on the cellular portion of the pap smear indicares that sample on the smears suggestive of cancer cells, but it is not definite.

Front 98

a # 1 reult of a pap smear

Back 98

a # 1 results on the idedntifabe microorganisms

Front 99

nutrition

Back 99

is defined as the process whereby the body uses food

Front 100

minerals

Back 100

are noncaloric substances in food that are essential to all cells