Nursing Chapter 7 And 8, 9, 21, 22

Front 1

(NCLEX-PN) designates 4 catorgories of the client needs as the structure for the test plan

Back 1

1) safe, effective, care enviroment, 2)health promotion and maintaince, 3)psychosocial intergrity and 4) physologic integrity

Front 2

the 4 basic roles nurses perform to meet the clients needs

Back 2

caregiver, educator, collaborator, and delegator.

Front 3

caregiver

Back 3

is one who performs health related activities that a sick person cannot perform independently.

Front 4

relationship

Back 4

association between two or more people.

Front 5

empathy

Back 5

an intuitive awareness of what a client is experiancing.

Front 6

educator

Back 6

one who provides information

Front 7

collaborator

Back 7

one who works with others to achieve a common goal.

Front 8

delegator

Back 8

one who assigns a task to someone, he or she must know what tasks are legal and appopriate for particular health care workers to perform.

Front 9

introductory phase

Back 9

period of getting acquainted.

Front 10

working phase

Back 10

period during which tasks are performed.

Front 11

terminating phase

Back 11

period when the relationship comes to an end. occurs when the task or goal has been reached.

Front 12

communication

Back 12

exchange of information

Front 13

therapeutic verbal communication

Back 13

using words and gestures to accomplish a particular objective. It is extremly important, especially when the nurse is exploring problems with the client or encouraging expressions of feelings.

Front 14

listening

Back 14

is as important during communication as speaking. It is important to not give off signals, or sighs, just to be at ones eye level and listening is most appropriate.

Front 15

silence

Back 15

intentionally withholding verbal commentary, it plays an important role in communication.

Front 16

non verbal communication

Back 16

exchange of information without using words, involves what is NOT said.

Front 17

kinesics refers to

Back 17

kinesics refers to body language, those collective nonverbal techniques like facial expressions, posture, and body movements.

Front 18

vebal communication

Back 18

communication that uses words, includes speaking, reading, and writing.

Front 19

Therapeutic verbal communication

Back 19

using words and gestures to accomplish a partiular objective, is extremly important especially when the nurse is exploring problems with the client or encouraging expressions of feelings.

Front 20

Intimate space

Back 20

is reserved for making love, confiding secrets, and sharing confidential information.

Front 21

listening

Back 21

listening is just important during communication as speaking. it gives the client your full attention as long as you are not acting bored.

Front 22

silence

Back 22

intentionally withholding verbal commentary, it plays an important role in communication.

Front 23

non verbal communication

Back 23

exchange of information without using words, involves what is NOT said. words can be choosen with care, but a facial expression in harder to control.

Front 24

Kinesics

Back 24

body language, includes nonverbal techniques such as facial expressions, posture, gestures, and body movements. some add that clothing and accessories such as jewerly also affect the context of communication.

Front 25

paralanguage

Back 25

vocal sounds that are not actually words, also communicates a message. EX: drawing in deep breaths in indicate suprise, clucking the tongue to indicate disappointment, and whistling to get someones attention. crying, laughing, and moaning are additional forms of paralanguage.

Front 26

touch

Back 26

tactile stimulus produced by marketing personal contact with another person or object, occurs frequently in nurse, client relationships.

Front 27

task oriented touch

Back 27

involves the personal contact required when performing nursing procedures.

Front 28

affective touch

Back 28

is uded to demonstrate concern and affection. most the time this touch is only used when the client is lonely, uncomfortable, near death, anxious, insecure, or frightened, disoriented, disfigured, semiconscious or comatose, visually impaired, or sensory deprived.

Front 29

4 progressive stages of learning, from nurse to client

Back 29

1) recognition of whats been taught, 2) recall or description of information to others, 3) explanation or application of information, and 4) independent use of the new learning (bruccoliere 2000)

Front 30

to implement effective teaching, the nurse must determine the clients:

Back 30

preferred learning style, age and devopmental level, capacity to learn, motivation, learning readiness, learning needs.

Front 31

style of learning

Back 31

how a person prefers to acquire knowledge.

Front 32

3 learning styles

Back 32

cognitive domain, affective domain, psychomotor domain.

Front 33

cognitive domain learning style

Back 33

is a style of processing information by listening or reading facts and descriptions. EX: listening, identifying, locating, labeling, summarizing, and selecting.

Front 34

affective domain learning style

Back 34

is a style of processing that appeals to a persons feelings, beliefs, and values, EX: advocating, supporting, accepting, promoting, refusing and defending.

Front 35

psychomotor domain learning style

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is a style of processing that focuses on learning by doing. EX: assembling, changing, emptying, filling, adding, and removing.

Front 36

informal teaching

Back 36

is unplanned and occurs spontaneously at the bedside.

Front 37

formal teaching

Back 37

is planned and requires a plan. without a plan teaching becomes haphazard.

Front 38

3 steps in teaching an adult client

Back 38

assessment, planning and implemantation.

Front 39

assessment

Back 39

find out what the client what to know, establish what the client should know to remain healthy, determine the clients learning style.

Front 40

planning

Back 40

collaborate with the client on content goals, and realistic time frame, develop a written plan that builds from simple to complex, familiar to unfamiliar and normal to abnormal, divide information into manageable amounts, select teaching stategies and resources that are compatible with the clients preferred style of learning, use a variety of instructional methods from the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, review the content that will be used during teaching.

Front 41

implementation

Back 41

teach when client appears interested and physically and emotiionally ready to learn, if possible, provide an enviroment that promotes learning, identify how long teaching sessions will last, begin the basic concepts, review previously taught information, use vocabulary withing the clients personal level of understanding, explain why and all new terms, involve the client actively by encouraging feedback and handling equipment, stimulate as many senses as possible, invent songs, rhymes, or a series of key terms that correspond with the teaching content, use equipment as similar as possible to what the client will use at home, allow time for questions and answers, summurize the key points covered during the current teaching, determine the clients level of learning, identify the time, place and content for the next teaching session, arrange an opportunity for the client to use or apply the new information as soon as possible after it was taught, document the info. taught and evidence demostrating the clients understanding, review with the client the progress made towards goals, evaluate the need for further teaching.

Front 42

pedagogy

Back 42

is the science of teaching children or those with cognitive ability comparable to children

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Androgogy

Back 43

is the principles of teaching adult learners.

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Gerogogy

Back 44

is the techniques that enhance learning among older adults.

Front 45

generation Y

Back 45

refers to young adults who graduated from college in the late 1990's

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generation X

Back 46

refers to those born between 1961 and 1981.

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literacy

Back 47

ability to read and write

Front 48

illiterate

Back 48

cannot read or write

Front 49

functionally illiterate

Back 49

posses minimal literacy skills, which means they can sign their name and perform simple mathematical task, but read at or below a ninth grade level.

Front 50

optimum learning

Back 50

takes place when an individual has a purpose for acquiring new information. the desire for new learning may be to satisfy intellectual curiosity, to restore indepence, to prevent complications, or to faciltate discharge and return to the comfort of home. other, less desirable reasons for learning are to please others and to avoid critism.

Front 51

ace inhibitors, Lisinopril medication for hypertension

Back 51

dizziness, headache, and hypotension are all common adverse effects of lisinopril and other ace inhibitors.

Front 52

medical record, also referred to as health records or clients records

Back 52

are written collections of information about a persons heath problems, the care provided by health practitioners, and the clients progress.

Front 53

chart

Back 53

binder or folder that promotes the oederly collection, storage, and safekeeping of a persons medical records.

Front 54

charting, recording, or documenting

Back 54

process of writing information on the health agency forms.

Front 55

quality assurance, continous quality improvement, or total quality improvement

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an agencys internal process for self improvement to ensure that the level of care reflects or exceeds established standards.

Front 56

auditors

Back 56

inspectors who examine client records, survey medical records to determine if the care provided meets established criteria for reimbursement, indocumented, incomplete, or inconsistent documentation of care may result in a denial of payment.

Front 57

source oriented record

Back 57

organized according to the source of documented information. this type of record contains seperate forms on which physicans, nurses, dietitians, physcial therepists, and so on make written entries about their own specific activities in relation to the clients care.

Front 58

problem oriented record

Back 58

organized accordingly to the clients health problems. they contain 4 major componenets: the data base, the problem list, the plan of care, and the progress notes.

Front 59

narrative charting

Back 59

style of documentation generally used in source oriented records. there is no established format for narrative notations; the content resembles a log or journal.

Front 60

soap charting

Back 60

documentation style more likely to be used in a problem oriented record. s=subjective data, o=objective data, a=analysis of the data, and p=plan of care.

Front 61

focus charting

Back 61

modified form of the SOAP charting, focus charting follows a DAR model, D=data, A=action and R=response.

Front 62

pie charting

Back 62

method of recording the clients progress under the headings of problem, intervention, and evaluation. when nurses use pie method, they document assessments on a separate form and give the clients problem a corresponding #.

Front 63

minimum disclosure

Back 63

information necessary for the immediate purpose only, in other words, it is inappropriate to release the entire healther record when only portions or isolated pieces of info. is needed.

Front 64

benefical disclosure

Back 64

exemptions when agencies can release private health info. without the clients prior authorization. excemptions for benefical disclosure: reporting vital statistics (birth and deaths), informing the food and drug administration of adverse reactions to drugs, disclosing info. for organ or tissue donation, notifying the public health department about communicable diseases.

Front 65

nursing care plan

Back 65

is a written list of the clients problems, goals, and nursing orders for the client care. It promotes the prevention, reduction, or resultion of health problems.

Front 66

Kardex

Back 66

is a quick reference for current info. about the client and his or her care. The kardex forms for all the clients are kept in a folder that allows caregivers to flip from one to another. The kardex is used to: locate client by name and room #, identify each clients physician and medical diagnosis, serve as a refernece for a chage of shift report, serve as a guide for making nursing assignments, specify the clients code or DNR, check quickly on a clients diet, etc.....

Front 67

checklists

Back 67

is a form of documentation in which the nurse indicates with a check mark or initials the performace of routine care. this charting technique is especially helpful when the care is similar each day and the clients condition does not differ much for extended periods.

Front 68

flow sheet

Back 68

is a for of documentation with sections for recording frequently repeated assessment data.
Some flow sheets provide room for recording #'s or brief descriptions.

Front 69

asepsis

Back 69

those practices that decrese or eliminate infectious agents, their reservoirs, and vehicles for transmission

Front 70

medical asepsis

Back 70

those proactices that confine or reduce the numbers of microorganisms. It is also called cleaned technique.

Front 71

infection control precautions

Back 71

are physical measures designed to curtail the spread of infectious diseases. they are essential when caring for clients.

Front 72

standard precautions

Back 72

are measures for reducing the risk for microorganism tansmission from both reconized and unreconized sources of infection.

Front 73

incubation period

Back 73

infectious agent reproduces, but there are no recongnizable symptoms. The infectious agent may however, exit the host at this time and infect others

Front 74

prodromal stage

Back 74

initial symptoms appear, which may be vague and nonspecific. They may include mild fever, headache, and loss of usual energy.

Front 75

acute stage

Back 75

symptoms become servere and specific t the tissue or organ that is affected, for example tuberclulosis is manifested by respiratory symptoms.

Front 76

surgical asepsis

Back 76

is bases on the underlying princle that equipment and area that are free of microorganisms must be protected from contamination.

Front 77

hand washing

Back 77

is the most frequentl used medical asepic practice in the health care agencies. It is the most effective way to prevent nosocomial infections.

Front 78

aerobic microoganism

Back 78

a microbe that requires free oxyen in order to exist

Front 79

anaerobic microoganism

Back 79

depends on an enviroment without oxygen to survive.

Front 80

the reservoir

Back 80

is a place on which or in which microorgasims grow and reproduce

Front 81

the host

Back 81

a person or animal on which or in which microogasims lives