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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The P-wave represents
atrial deporarization
QRS-complex represent
ventricular depolarization
T-wave represents
ventricular repolarization
Pulse oximetry
measures the amount of hemaglobin concentration
CO2 buildup leads to
respiratory acidosis
-lower pH
-vasodialation
-lower muscle activity
-coag and metabolic interference
Systolic BP
generated when the heart contracts
Diastolic BP
pressure between contractions
Mean Arterial Pressure
1/2 sys + 2/3 dias
Blood volume in cats and dogs
cats 50-55 mL/kg
dog 89-90 mL/kg
Body water is distributed between
intracellular fluid (2/3 TBW) extracellular (1/3 TBW)
-interstitial (75%)
-intravascular (25%)
Shock
peripheral blood flow is inadequate to return blood to the heart.
- need to increase intravascular pressure
Blood Loss
intravascular space and volume is decreased.
-crystaloid and colloids help increase intravascular pressure
-PCV <20 needs transfusion
Dehydration
volume from all spaces is decreased and must be replaced
Diuresis
used to increase urine production assisting the body in eliminating substances excreted
Daily Maintanance Requirement
50-60 mL/kg/day
Volume of fluid needed to correct dehydration
% dehydration xkgx 10000

added to maintanance volume
For every 1.8 degree temperature raise, an animals metabolic rate increases by
13.8%
formula for blood transfusion
lbs x 40(dogs)30(cats)x desired PCV- actual PCV/ donor PCV

-6-10 mL/kg QID
Transfusion rates
administered at a rate no greater than 22mL/kg/hr
Energy requirements per lb ___ as body weight ______
decrease; increase
Resting energy requirements for animals > 2kg
(30 x kg) + 70

dogs 30kcal/kg/day
cats 40 kcal/kg/day
<2kg 50 kcal/kg/day
Normal blood gas values
-pH
-PaCO2
-PaO2
-HCO3
-Base Excess
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
PaO2: 94-100 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
Basic Excess: -2-+2
Used in horses for restraint, releases endorphines which mask pain
twitch
-chain, humane, and rope
You must remember when working with horses (danger)
their rear legs can kick 6 ft out with accuracy
Danger when working with cattle
horns can gorge
head and body can pin you
restraint techniques for cows
chutes, halters, nose leads (tongs), and tail jacking
restraint technique for sheep
"setting up" (sit sheep on rear)
Restraint of choice in pigs
hog snare
uses for non-weight-bearing forelimb sling w/only carpal flexion @ varying degrees
Carpal flexion sling
holds the flexed forelimb against chest to prevent movement of all joints
velpeau sling (used for scapular fractures)
used to prevent stifle joint stiffness and hyperextension after distal femoral fracture repair
90-90 flexion sling (stifle and hock in 90 degree flexion)
used to immobilize a hind limb after reduction of creniodorsal coxofemeral luxation
ehmer sling
If you hear an animal wheezing
their may be an obstruction
If you hear crackles in the lungs
it could be fluid
Gurgles or bubbles heard in the lungs
may be increased upper airway secretions
if lung sound are quiet or deminished
air sacs may be collapsed or a pneumothorax
If the lungs make a drum of tapping sound
you may have a pneumothorax
dry MM
5-6% dehydration
mild-moderate decreased skin turgor, dry MM
6-8% dehydration
marked decrease in skin turgor, dry MM, weak rapid pulses, slow CRT, mild-marked mental depression
10-12% dehydration
clinical signs of shock, very depressed, imminent death
12-15% dehydration
Shock fluid therapy rate
60-90 ml/kg/hr