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90 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Agnosia

Inability to recognize familiar objects

Neurogenic Shock

Total loss of all reflexive and autonomic function below level of injury for period of time.



Bradycardia, hypotension, flaccid paralysis, paralytic ileus



Accompanies spinal trauma

Oculocephalic Reflex "Doll Eyes"

Assessment of brain stem on unconscious patient.



Normal brain stem function is exhibited when eyes lag behind brisk turning movement of the head

Myasthenia Travis MG

Not enough ACh at NMJ. Progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, diplopia, B/B dysfunction.



Give AChE-I (edrophonium)


Atrophine (ACh-I) is antidote for AChE-I.



Too much ACh can causes respiratory weakness and hypotension.

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Anti viral



Stimulates release of dopamine.



Monitor swollen ankles and discoloration of skin.

Steroids

Hypokalemia


Hyperglycemia


Osteoporosis (block Ca resorption)


Fluid Retention

Addison's Disease

Hyponatremia


Hypoglycemia


Hyperglycemia

Demeclocycline

SIADH

Acute Respiratrory Distress

X-ray shows ground glass appearance


Hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy


Hypercarbia

Cushing's Triad

1. Bradycardia



2. Irregular Respirations (Brainstem impairment)



3. Systolic Hypertension (Widening Pulse Pressure)

Atropine

Anticholinergic



Used for sinus bradycardia

Synchronized Cardioversion

Atrial Fibrillation


Supraventricular Tachycardia


Ventricular Tachycardia (with pulse)



OR



Anti-dysrhythmics (ABCD)


Adenosine (chemical cardiovert)


Verapamil



Must take anticoagulant for 4-6 weeks prior to elective cardioversion



Must be off digoxin for 48 hrs prior to elective cardioversion

Defibrillation

Pulselss Ventricular Tachycardia


Ventricular Fibrillation



OR



Amiodarone


Lidocaine


Epinephrine

Benztropine (cogentin)

Treatment of EPS from antipsychotic medications or metoclopramide

Phentolamine (regitine)

Antidote to treat NE extravasation

Lobar Pneumonia

Place with good lung down

Abdominal Assessment

Stand on right side

Cardiac Tamponade

Hypotension


Paradoxical Pulse Pressure (greater than 10 mmHg between inspiration and expiration)


JVD


Muffled heart sound

Cor Pulmonale

Enlargement of RIGHT side of heart and eventual failure of RIGHT ventricle due to pulmonary HTN

ST elevation

Injury

ST Depression

Ischemia/angina

T Wave Inversion

Ischemia

Abnormal Q wave

Necrosis

Nitroglycerin

0.4 mg



Anti-angina


Vasodilator (will cause headache)

ACE inhibitors

Increase potassium


Cough


Angioededma

Marfan Syndrome

Connective tissue disorder


AAA common

Infective Endocarditis

Petechiae over trunk and mucous membrane


Splinter hemorrhage under nail beds


Common in IV drug users

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of gallbladder. Referred pain to RIGHT shoulder.



Pain Right upper quadrant (Murphey's sign)

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of pancreas leading to autodigestion by digestive enzymes. Referred pain to LEFT shoulder.


Bluish-gurley periumbilical discoloration (Cullen's sign)


Ecchymoses on the flanks (Turner's sign)


Hyperglycemia


Hypocalcemia (fat necrosis)


Hypomagnesemia (fat necrosis)


Left Lung Effusion and Atelectasis


Pain relieved by vomitting. Worse with food or lying down.



NPO to help GI rest.


Anticholelinergics


Pancreatic Enzyme (sprinkle on NONprotein food and drink full glass of water after)

Ectopic pregnancy

Referred pain to shoulder due to peritoneal bleeding.

Rheumatic Endocarditis

Petechiae over trunk and extremities


Joint pain


Fever


Preceeded by upper respiratory infection

Clonidine

Central alpha agonist


Decrease blood pressure

Prazosin (minipress)

Alpha adrenergic antagonist


Decrease blood pressure via vasodilation

Carbamazepine

Anti-epileptic



Adverse effects: blood dyscrasias, teratogenesis, skin

Liver Cirrhosis

Pruritis (itchy)


Ascites (protein & albumin third spacing)


Petechiae (clotting factors)


Spider angioma


Asterixis (flapping on wrist and fingers)


Fetor hepaticus (fruity/musty odor of breath)

Hepatitis

Clay colored stool


Dark colored urine


Jaundice

Lactulose

Given to reduce ammonia levels in blood. Reduce protein intake to return ammonia byproduct.



Excrete via stools.


Hypokalemia (excessive stool excretion)

Kidney disease

Onky KD causes increase in serum Cre



Elevated BUN highly suggestive of KD or dehydration

Metformin (glucophage)

PO antidiabetic med



Hold 24 hrs prior to scans using dyes because it can cause lactic acidosis

Disequilibrium syndrome

Nausea


Headache


Altered LOC



Adverse effect of dialysis. Caused by too rapid decrease of BUN and circulating volume

Dialysis

Replace folate


Eat high protein meals


Don't eat during dialysis (N/V)


1 L = 2.2 lbs


Hold HTN/BP meds


Hyperglycemia can occur bc hyperosmolarity of the dialysate pulls glucose into blood


Hyperlipidemia can occur with long term therapy and cause HTN


Constipation is common cause of poor in/out flow (enema prior)

Azotemia

Elevated BUN and serum Creatinine

End Stage Kidney Stage

Anorexia


Fatigue


Tingling of extremities


SOB


Metallic taste/hallitosis


Muscle cramping


Seizures


Bruising


HTN


Proteinuria


Hematuria


Elevated BUN, Cre, K, P (Ca is low if P is high)



Do not administer lasix! Give thiazides, K sparring or osmotic diuretics

Cyclosporin (sandimmune)

Immunosuppressant



Lowers Magnesium

Aluminum hydroxide

Constipation



Binds to phosphorus!

Calcitonin

Inhibits osteoclast activity (bone resorption)

Parathyroid hormone

Increases serum calcium

Tzanck smear

Confirm viral lesions

Potassium hydroxide KOH

Confirms fungal skin lesion

Psoriasis

UV light therapy for treatment

T3

Increased in hyperthyroidism

TSH

Secreted by anterior pituitary gland.



Increases T3 and T4

Hyperthyroidism

Absorb higher amounts of I-123

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Secreted by anterior pituitary gland to increase secretion of cortisol of the adrenal gland

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

Aka Addisons disease


Chronic deficiency of cortisol (Chronic elevated ACTH)

ADH stimulants

Anriconvulsant stimulate relase of ADH (ex: Carbamazepine)

Central Pontine Myelinosis (CPM)

Adverse effect of treatment of SIADH



Rapid change in Na levels (rapid rise in Na) dehydrates brain and damages brain stem

Graves disease

Hyperthyroidism



Elevated T3/T4


Decreased TSH



Exophthalmos (due to increased IOP)



Treat with PTU (inhibit T3/T4) and Lugol's solution (inhibit T3/T4)

PTU

Inhibit T3/T4



Causes leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism

Phenazopyridine

Bladder analgesic


Turns urine orange

Thiazide diuretics

Increase calcium reabsorption

Pap Smear

Identify precancerous and cancerous cells of cervix


Test Q3Years if 20-30


Test Q5Years if 30-65 (+HPV test)

Thyroid Storm

Sudden increase in T3/T4. Medical emergency.



HTN


Hyperthermia


Hyperglycemia


Tachycardia


Delirium


N/V



Avoid ASPIRIN bc it increased T3

Cretinism

Severe Hypothyroidism in infants



Mental retardation


Delayed physical growth

Myxedema coma

Hypothyroidism untreated or sudden stop of thyroid medication

Metabolic Acidosis

Hyperkalemia

DKA IV fluid

0.9% NaCl


Titrate insulin IV as ordered


Add glucose when BG 250

Calcitonin

Secreted by thyroid to reduce blood Calcium and increases calcium secretion



Inhibits osteoclast thereby used for osteoporosis

Metabolic syndrome

Aka insulin resistance syndrome


"We Better Think High Glucose)



Increased Waist circumference


Elevated Blood pressure


Increased Triglycerides


Decreased HDL


Increased blood Glucose


Holosystolic Murmur

Seen with infants with Ventral Septal Defect (VSD)



Most VSD close within 6 months

Heart Rate

Adult 60


Child 80


Infant 100

Breathing Rate

Adult 12-20


Infant 30-60

Infant blood glucose

Normal 70-100



No action taken if greater or equal to 40

Blood Pressure after Stroke

Want 170-220 to alllow for adequate perfusion of vital organs

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Greater 65

Acanthosis nigricans

Skin that is dark, thick and has skin tags that is atributed to obesity and uncontrolled diabetes

Nephrotic Syndrome

Glomerular injury that causes


1) Proteinuria


2) Hypoalbuminemia


3) Edema


4) Hyperlipidemia

Anticonvulsants

Cause folate and Vitamin D deficiencies

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Antimalaria



Renal toxicity and visual disturbance

Adenosine

Cardiovert drug for SVT



Rapid half-life

Dicyclomine hydrochloride

Anticholinergic used to relax smooth muscles and dry secretions for IBS

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

Lowers platelet count



Results in clotting instead of bleeding (paradoxical effect)



Doesnt affect aPTT

Cushings triad

Indicates brain stem compression



Bradycardia


Hypertension (widening pulse pressure)


Irregular respirations

Acute respiratory failure

pO2 < or = to 60


PCO2 > or = to 50


PH < or = to 7.30

NSAID

Pregnancy category D after 30 weeks!



Caused premature closure of ductus arteriosus and prolonged labor

Sulfasalazine (azulfidine)

Sulfa drug! For RA and IBS



1) crystalluria


2) photosensitivity


3) folic acid deficiency


4) agranulocytosis


5) Stevens Johnson's syndrome

African Americans

High incidence of cervical cancer


Highest incidence of HTN


High incidence of ischemic stroke

Cataracts

Side effect of corticosteroids

Doxycycline

Antibiotic



Not for pregnant women. Impairs bone mineralization in fetus

Ace-I

Affects kidney development in fetus