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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agnosia |
Inability to recognize familiar objects |
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Neurogenic Shock |
Total loss of all reflexive and autonomic function below level of injury for period of time. Bradycardia, hypotension, flaccid paralysis, paralytic ileus
Accompanies spinal trauma |
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Oculocephalic Reflex "Doll Eyes" |
Assessment of brain stem on unconscious patient. Normal brain stem function is exhibited when eyes lag behind brisk turning movement of the head |
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Myasthenia Travis MG |
Not enough ACh at NMJ. Progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, diplopia, B/B dysfunction. Give AChE-I (edrophonium) Atrophine (ACh-I) is antidote for AChE-I. Too much ACh can causes respiratory weakness and hypotension. |
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Amantadine (Symmetrel) |
Anti viral
Stimulates release of dopamine. Monitor swollen ankles and discoloration of skin. |
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Steroids |
Hypokalemia Hyperglycemia Osteoporosis (block Ca resorption) Fluid Retention |
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Addison's Disease |
Hyponatremia Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia |
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Demeclocycline |
SIADH |
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Acute Respiratrory Distress |
X-ray shows ground glass appearance Hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy Hypercarbia |
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Cushing's Triad |
1. Bradycardia 2. Irregular Respirations (Brainstem impairment) 3. Systolic Hypertension (Widening Pulse Pressure) |
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Atropine |
Anticholinergic Used for sinus bradycardia |
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Synchronized Cardioversion |
Atrial Fibrillation Supraventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Tachycardia (with pulse)
OR
Anti-dysrhythmics (ABCD) Adenosine (chemical cardiovert) Verapamil Must take anticoagulant for 4-6 weeks prior to elective cardioversion Must be off digoxin for 48 hrs prior to elective cardioversion |
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Defibrillation |
Pulselss Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation OR Amiodarone Lidocaine Epinephrine |
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Benztropine (cogentin) |
Treatment of EPS from antipsychotic medications or metoclopramide |
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Phentolamine (regitine) |
Antidote to treat NE extravasation |
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Lobar Pneumonia |
Place with good lung down |
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Abdominal Assessment |
Stand on right side |
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Cardiac Tamponade |
Hypotension Paradoxical Pulse Pressure (greater than 10 mmHg between inspiration and expiration) JVD Muffled heart sound |
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Cor Pulmonale |
Enlargement of RIGHT side of heart and eventual failure of RIGHT ventricle due to pulmonary HTN |
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ST elevation |
Injury |
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ST Depression |
Ischemia/angina |
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T Wave Inversion |
Ischemia |
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Abnormal Q wave |
Necrosis |
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Nitroglycerin |
0.4 mg Anti-angina Vasodilator (will cause headache) |
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ACE inhibitors |
Increase potassium Cough Angioededma |
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Marfan Syndrome |
Connective tissue disorder AAA common |
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Infective Endocarditis |
Petechiae over trunk and mucous membrane Splinter hemorrhage under nail beds Common in IV drug users |
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Cholecystitis |
Inflammation of gallbladder. Referred pain to RIGHT shoulder. Pain Right upper quadrant (Murphey's sign) |
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Pancreatitis |
Inflammation of pancreas leading to autodigestion by digestive enzymes. Referred pain to LEFT shoulder. Bluish-gurley periumbilical discoloration (Cullen's sign) Ecchymoses on the flanks (Turner's sign) Hyperglycemia Hypocalcemia (fat necrosis) Hypomagnesemia (fat necrosis) Left Lung Effusion and Atelectasis Pain relieved by vomitting. Worse with food or lying down.
NPO to help GI rest. Anticholelinergics Pancreatic Enzyme (sprinkle on NONprotein food and drink full glass of water after) |
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Ectopic pregnancy |
Referred pain to shoulder due to peritoneal bleeding. |
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Rheumatic Endocarditis |
Petechiae over trunk and extremities Joint pain Fever Preceeded by upper respiratory infection |
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Clonidine |
Central alpha agonist Decrease blood pressure |
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Prazosin (minipress) |
Alpha adrenergic antagonist Decrease blood pressure via vasodilation |
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Carbamazepine |
Anti-epileptic Adverse effects: blood dyscrasias, teratogenesis, skin |
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Liver Cirrhosis |
Pruritis (itchy) Ascites (protein & albumin third spacing) Petechiae (clotting factors) Spider angioma Asterixis (flapping on wrist and fingers) Fetor hepaticus (fruity/musty odor of breath) |
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Hepatitis |
Clay colored stool Dark colored urine Jaundice |
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Lactulose |
Given to reduce ammonia levels in blood. Reduce protein intake to return ammonia byproduct. Excrete via stools. Hypokalemia (excessive stool excretion) |
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Kidney disease |
Onky KD causes increase in serum Cre Elevated BUN highly suggestive of KD or dehydration |
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Metformin (glucophage) |
PO antidiabetic med Hold 24 hrs prior to scans using dyes because it can cause lactic acidosis |
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Disequilibrium syndrome |
Nausea Headache Altered LOC
Adverse effect of dialysis. Caused by too rapid decrease of BUN and circulating volume |
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Dialysis |
Replace folate Eat high protein meals Don't eat during dialysis (N/V) 1 L = 2.2 lbs Hold HTN/BP meds Hyperglycemia can occur bc hyperosmolarity of the dialysate pulls glucose into blood Hyperlipidemia can occur with long term therapy and cause HTN Constipation is common cause of poor in/out flow (enema prior) |
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Azotemia |
Elevated BUN and serum Creatinine |
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End Stage Kidney Stage |
Anorexia Fatigue Tingling of extremities SOB Metallic taste/hallitosis Muscle cramping Seizures Bruising HTN Proteinuria Hematuria Elevated BUN, Cre, K, P (Ca is low if P is high)
Do not administer lasix! Give thiazides, K sparring or osmotic diuretics |
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Cyclosporin (sandimmune) |
Immunosuppressant Lowers Magnesium |
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Aluminum hydroxide |
Constipation Binds to phosphorus! |
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Calcitonin |
Inhibits osteoclast activity (bone resorption) |
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Parathyroid hormone |
Increases serum calcium |
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Tzanck smear |
Confirm viral lesions |
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Potassium hydroxide KOH |
Confirms fungal skin lesion |
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Psoriasis |
UV light therapy for treatment |
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T3 |
Increased in hyperthyroidism |
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TSH |
Secreted by anterior pituitary gland. Increases T3 and T4 |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Absorb higher amounts of I-123 |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
Secreted by anterior pituitary gland to increase secretion of cortisol of the adrenal gland |
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Primary Adrenal Insufficiency |
Aka Addisons disease Chronic deficiency of cortisol (Chronic elevated ACTH) |
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ADH stimulants |
Anriconvulsant stimulate relase of ADH (ex: Carbamazepine) |
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Central Pontine Myelinosis (CPM) |
Adverse effect of treatment of SIADH Rapid change in Na levels (rapid rise in Na) dehydrates brain and damages brain stem |
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Graves disease |
Hyperthyroidism
Elevated T3/T4 Decreased TSH
Exophthalmos (due to increased IOP)
Treat with PTU (inhibit T3/T4) and Lugol's solution (inhibit T3/T4) |
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PTU |
Inhibit T3/T4 Causes leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism |
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Phenazopyridine |
Bladder analgesic Turns urine orange |
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Thiazide diuretics |
Increase calcium reabsorption |
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Pap Smear |
Identify precancerous and cancerous cells of cervix Test Q3Years if 20-30 Test Q5Years if 30-65 (+HPV test) |
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Thyroid Storm |
Sudden increase in T3/T4. Medical emergency. HTN Hyperthermia Hyperglycemia Tachycardia Delirium N/V Avoid ASPIRIN bc it increased T3 |
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Cretinism |
Severe Hypothyroidism in infants Mental retardation Delayed physical growth |
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Myxedema coma |
Hypothyroidism untreated or sudden stop of thyroid medication |
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Metabolic Acidosis |
Hyperkalemia |
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DKA IV fluid |
0.9% NaCl Titrate insulin IV as ordered Add glucose when BG 250 |
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Calcitonin |
Secreted by thyroid to reduce blood Calcium and increases calcium secretion Inhibits osteoclast thereby used for osteoporosis |
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Metabolic syndrome |
Aka insulin resistance syndrome "We Better Think High Glucose) Increased Waist circumference Elevated Blood pressure Increased Triglycerides Decreased HDL Increased blood Glucose |
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Holosystolic Murmur |
Seen with infants with Ventral Septal Defect (VSD) Most VSD close within 6 months |
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Heart Rate |
Adult 60 Child 80 Infant 100 |
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Breathing Rate |
Adult 12-20 Infant 30-60 |
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Infant blood glucose |
Normal 70-100 No action taken if greater or equal to 40 |
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Blood Pressure after Stroke |
Want 170-220 to alllow for adequate perfusion of vital organs |
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Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) |
Greater 65 |
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Acanthosis nigricans |
Skin that is dark, thick and has skin tags that is atributed to obesity and uncontrolled diabetes |
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Nephrotic Syndrome |
Glomerular injury that causes 1) Proteinuria 2) Hypoalbuminemia 3) Edema 4) Hyperlipidemia |
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Anticonvulsants |
Cause folate and Vitamin D deficiencies |
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Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) |
Antimalaria Renal toxicity and visual disturbance |
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Adenosine |
Cardiovert drug for SVT Rapid half-life |
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Dicyclomine hydrochloride |
Anticholinergic used to relax smooth muscles and dry secretions for IBS |
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Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia |
Lowers platelet count Results in clotting instead of bleeding (paradoxical effect) Doesnt affect aPTT |
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Cushings triad |
Indicates brain stem compression Bradycardia Hypertension (widening pulse pressure) Irregular respirations |
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Acute respiratory failure |
pO2 < or = to 60 PCO2 > or = to 50 PH < or = to 7.30 |
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NSAID |
Pregnancy category D after 30 weeks! Caused premature closure of ductus arteriosus and prolonged labor |
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Sulfasalazine (azulfidine) |
Sulfa drug! For RA and IBS 1) crystalluria 2) photosensitivity 3) folic acid deficiency 4) agranulocytosis 5) Stevens Johnson's syndrome |
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African Americans |
High incidence of cervical cancer Highest incidence of HTN High incidence of ischemic stroke |
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Cataracts |
Side effect of corticosteroids |
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Doxycycline |
Antibiotic Not for pregnant women. Impairs bone mineralization in fetus |
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Ace-I |
Affects kidney development in fetus |