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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are some risk factors of osteoporosis?
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heredity
aging steroids post-menopausal lifestyle no VD |
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What hormones are associated with osteoporosis?
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calcitonin
estrogens parathyroid hormones |
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What are some consequences of osteoporosis?
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falls - fractures - hospitalization - pneumonia
lifestyle effects |
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What is the best prevention for osteoporosis?
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- diet
- activity - supplements - exposure to sunlight - falls prevention - check ups - bone density |
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What is treatment for osteoporosis?
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- preventive measures
- medications - rehab |
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What are risk factors for osteoarthritis?
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- repeated injury
- genetic susceptibility - excess of strain on weight bearing joints - increasing age - congenital disorders of the hip |
I, G, S, A, C
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How can you prevent OA?
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- joint care after injury
- protective devices when exercising - weight maintenance - nutritional education - perinatal screening for hip abnormalities - ergonomics |
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How do you treat OA?
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- activity rest balance
- exercise - joint protection, rest, support - weight control |
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What are some treatments for OA?
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- heat
- ergonomics - medication - dietary supplements - THR - PT/OT therapy |
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What is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?
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- AI of connective tissues
- inflamed synovial membranes |
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What are some S&S of rheumatoid arthritis?
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joint pain, swelling, fatigue, morning stiffness, fever, weight loss
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How can rheumatoid arthritis be treated?
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need to start before 3 months
- change course of disease to maximize meds and prevent damage |
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What are some treatments of rheumatoid arthritis?
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- PT/OT consult
- nutrition consult - NSAIDS - cox 2 inhibitors - low dose steroids (prednisone) - antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine) - other - gold salt injections - sulfasalazine - immunosuppressives - antineoplastics - complementary medicine |
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What is a DMARD?
what is an example? |
disease modifying anti rheumatic drug
penicillamine |
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What are some major goals of rheumatoid arthritis treatment?
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prevent joint inflammation/ deformity
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What are (4) the purposes of traction?
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1. aligns a fracture by pulling the limb into a straight position
2. ends muscle spasm 3. relieves pain 4. takes pressure off the bone ends by relaxing the muscle |
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What are the 3 types of traction?
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1. skin
2. manual 3. skeletal |
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What is skin traction?
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apply weights (5-7 lbs) attached to skin by tape/boots/cuffs - wt limited by skin
- should not be use if allergic to tape |
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What is skeletal traction?
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pins/screws inserted into bone to increase wt to 25-40 lbs
- cervical traction |
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What are some complications of skeletal traction?
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infection
osteomyelitis complications from prolonged bed rest |
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What are 4 types of orthopedic surgery?
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ORIF
OREF joint replacement bone graft |
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What is ORIF?
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Open Reduction Internal Fixation
- open surgery + screws/plates internal to secure fracture |
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What is OREF?
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Open Reduction External Fixation
- screws through skin to bone - quick and easy but potential for infection at screw sites |
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What are bone grafts?
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new bone placed into spaces of broken bone to aid in healing
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What are some complications of orthopedic surgery?
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- bed rest - heel ulcer especially
- dislocation - infection - impaired mobility - pain - compartment syndrome - fat embolism |
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What is compartment syndrome?
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when inflammation causes decreased perfusion as tissue swells within fascia (compartment)
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