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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bias
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unintended factor that confuses or changes the results of the study in a manner that can lead to incorrect conclusions; distorts or confounds the findings, making it difficult/impossible to interpret the results
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Cluster Sampling
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a process of sampling in stages, starting with a larger element that relates to the population and moving downward into smaller and smaller elements that identify the population
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Convenience Sample
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includes members of the population who can be readily found and recruited
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Criteria for Participation
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factors that determine how individuals are selected for a study; describe common characteristics that define the target population for a study
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Generalizability
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ability to say that the findings from a particular sample can be applied to a more general population
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Matched Sample
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intentful selection of pairs of subjects that share certain important characteristics to prevent those characteristics from confusing what is being explained or understood within the study
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Non-probability sampling
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a sampling approach that does not necessarily assure that everyone in the population has an equal chance of being included in the study
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Population
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the entire group of individuals about whom we are interested in gaining knowledge
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Power Analysis
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allows the researcher to compare the size of a sample needed to detect a real relationship or difference if it exists
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Probability Sampling
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strategies to assure that every member of a population has an equal opportunity to be in the study
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Purposive Sample
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inclusion in a study of participants who are intentionally selected because they have certain characteristics that are related to the purpose of the research
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Quota Sample
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selection of individuals from the population who have one or more characteristics that are important to the purpose of the study; these characteristics are used to establish limits or quotas on the number of subjects who will be included in the study
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Random Assignment
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the process ensuring that the subjects in a study have an equal chance of being in any group within the study. the sample may be purposive or convenience, so there may be some bias influencing the results. but since the bias is evenly distributed among the groups, it will not unduly affect the outcomes of the study
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Randomly selected
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process of creating a random sample; selection of a subset of the population where all the members of the population are identified, listed, and assigned a number and then some device, is used to select who will be in the study
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Response rate
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proportion of individuals who participate in a study divided by the number who agreed to be in a study, but did not end up participating
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Sample
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a subset of the total group of interest in a research study; the individuals in the sample are actually studied to learn about the total group
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Sampling Frame
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the pool of all potential subjects for a study; the pool of all individuals who meet the criteria for the study and therefore, could be included in the study
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Sampling Unit
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element of the population that will be selected for the study, depends on population of interest and could be individuals, families, communities, or outpatient prenatal care programs
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Saturation
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a point in qualitative research where all new information collected is redundant of information already collected
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Selectivity
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tendency of certain segments of a population agreeing to be in studies
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Simple Random Sampling
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a sample in which every member of the population has an equal probability of being included; best type of sample
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Snowball Sampling
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strategy for recruiting individuals in a study that starts with one participant or member of the population and then uses that member's contacts to identify other potential participants
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Stratified random sampling
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an approach to selecting individuals from the population by dividing the population into 2 or more groups based on characteristics that are considered important to the purpose of the study and then randomly selecting members within each group
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systematic sampling
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an approach to selection of individuals for a study where the members of the population are identified and listed then members are selected at a fixed interval from the list
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