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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 pathways to nursing education
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diploma programs
associate degree programs baccalaureate programs |
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hospital based apprenticeship programs that last 24-36 months. first nursing programs to emerge
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diploma programs
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famous diploma program trio in the united states
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bellevue hospital, ny
new england hospital for women and children, ct massachusetts general hospital |
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decline in diploma programs due to:
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growth of adn and bsn programs
inability of hospitals to finance nursing education accreditation standards increasing complexity of healthcare students dont earn college credits |
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only diploma program in LA
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Baton Rouge General
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developed in 1952 to help alleviate the nursing shortage from WWII; usually 2 years in length (min 60 college credits); primarily in community colleges
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associate degree nursing
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founder of associate degree nursing education
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mildred montag
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adn professional organization
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NOADN
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first nursing school established as a separate university department with an independent budget and its own dean
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Yale School of Nursing-1924
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influences on the growth of the baccalaureate degree
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the brown report
ana position paper the lysaught report the nln position statement the pew commission report |
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recommended that basic school of nursing be in universities and colleges and that efforts be made to recruit men and minorities into programs
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The Brown Report-1948
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concluded that BSN should be foundation for nursing practice
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ANA position paper
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States:
edu. should take place in a place of higher learning min. preparation for professional nursing should be BSN min. preparation for technical nursing should be ADN edu. for medical assistants should be a vocational program |
recommendations of the ANA position paper
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ANA proposed that by _____ the entry in practice should be BSN level
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1985
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recommended 2 licensures for nursing: one in acute care and one in distributive care;
sponsored by kellogg foundation; conducted by national committee for the study of nursing & nursing educ. |
the lysaught report
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1982-position statement of nursing roles; reaffirmed the BSN as the min. edu. level for entry into practice for professional nursing, & ADN as entry into practice for professional nursing
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NLN position statement
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Recommended change proff. training to meet the demands of new health care system, ensure that health profession's workforce reflects diversity of nations pop., require professionals to know about all systems, continue to move edu. into ambulatory practice, encourage public service of health professional, student and graduate
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The PEW commission report-1995
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include:
LPN to RN ADN to BSN diploma to ADN or BSN ADN to MSN |
articulated programs
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online programs such as University of Phoenix and Regents
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alternative programs
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licensed as LVN or LPN
work under supervision of RN |
Licensed Practical Nurse (vocational)
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a review process of an educational program by an external professional accrediting organization
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Accreditation
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Name some accrediting bodies
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AACN
State Boards of Nursing NLN CCNE |
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describe process of specialty education:
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basic edu prepares a nurse generalist
learned specialty occurs in hospital program after basic edu. as nurse becomes more active, area of practice becomes more specialized |
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general requirements of certification programs
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specific # of practice hours in specialty
certification exam periodic recertification |
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planned learning experiences beyond a basic nursing program
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continuing education
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How many hours of CE required per year if you are practicing fulltime in LA?
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5 hours
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How many CE hours required per year if you are practicing parttime in LA?
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10 hours
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How many CE hours required per year if you are not practicing in LA?
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20 hours
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what state has no CE requirements?
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MS
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study in one particular subject area to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration and research
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Master's Degree
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MASTERS-focused on administration and education
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Teacher's College, New York City
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provided funds for mental health/ psych nurses
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national mental health act
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increase in masters level nurses in the 1940's and 1950's due to:
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return of nurses from military service w/ GI benefits
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1954-first clinical masters- psych/mental health
clinical nurse specialist |
Rutger's University
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1965-first nurse practitioner program- pediatric
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University of CO
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how many nurse practitioner programs in 1970?
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70
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how many nurse practitioner programs in 1996?
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321
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What are the areas of MAster in nursing?
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nurse administration
community health psych/mental health adult health maternal/child nursing gerontology rehabilitation nursing education |
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how many months to complete and how much practice experience required for masters in nursing?
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18-24 months to complete
most require one year practice experience |
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what degrees are awarded for masters in nursing?
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MA
MN MSN MS |
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Masters in nursing--more advanced areas of practice include:
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CRNA
NP CNS |
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1934- first PhD programs for nurses
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New York Univ.
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motivation for this degree stems from academic advancement or tenure in educational settings. also includes nurses interested in research and development of a body of nursing knowledge
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doctoral
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doctor of nursing science
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DNSc
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doctor of science in nursing
only available in LA |
DSN
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doctor of nursing education
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DNEd
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doctor of philosophy
not available in nursing in LA |
PhD
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doctor of education
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EdD
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doctorate of nursing practice
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DNP
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behavior oriented to expectation of others
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role
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socially prescribed and agreed upon rights and responsibilities
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ideal role
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norms specific to the position
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role exectations
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how a person believes they should behave in a role
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perceived role
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what person actually does
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performed role
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boundaries for nursing roles
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concepts: person, environment, health, nursing
nursing process standards of nursing practice nurse practice act & licensure laws national & international code of ethics |
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name professional nurse roles
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caregiver
teacher counselor manager (leader) advocate change agent entrepreneur researcher collaborator consultant case manager |
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direct hands-on care in a variety of settings
assist clent-preserve dignity physical, psychosocial, developmental, and spiritual realms influenced by holistic approach essential attribute to expert nurse |
caregiver role
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teach patients, families, the community, other health care members, students, etc.
determine learning needs, motivation, and readiness of learner |
teacher/educator role
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helo client recognize and cope with stressful situations
one on one or groups |
counselor role
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management of resources
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manager/leader role
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officially appointed
official power carry out predetermined policies & rules attempt to maintain orderly envir. relate to people according to roles perform role as long as appt is held rewarded by achieving the organization's mission & goals may or may not be good leader |
characteristics of a manager
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may or may not have official position
have power if followers allow it influence followers to set goals risktakers intuitively and emphatically relate to people feel rewarded by personal accomplishments may or may not be successful managers |
characteristics of a leader
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focus on hierarchy and division of roles
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traditional management style
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interested in group dynamics
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behavioral management style
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focuses on the organization as a series of units or departments
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systems management style
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blends all three management styles
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contigency
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people person
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charismatic leadership style
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authoritarian
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autocratic leadership style
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involves followers in decision making
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democratic leadership style
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passive and uninvolved
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laissez-faire leadership style
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promotes what is best for the client
sees that clients needs are met protects clients rights |
advocate role
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works to initiate and facilitate change
tact, energy, creativity, interpersonal skills |
change agent role
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gives advice and expertise to others
may own business |
entrepreneur/consultant role
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investigates whether current nursing actions achieve their expected outcomes
investigates what options of care are available and how to best provide nursing care |
researcher role
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works w/ other health care professionals to ensure that everyone agrees on the same patient outcome
collaborates with patients and their families |
collaborator role
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critical pathways and variance analysis
came about due to: change in reimbursement programs and the need to manage clinical outcomes to limit costs |
case manager role
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occurs when obligations are unrealistic or conflicting
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role stress
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emotional reaction
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role strain
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unclear role expectations
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role ambiguity
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competing role expectations
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role conflict
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values incompatible with role expectations
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role incongruity
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too much expected
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overload
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minimal expectations
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underload
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roles and settings of nurses
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hospitals
community health entrepreneurs office/clinic occ. health school case management informatics academics forensic infection control military research |
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list four professional accountabilities
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quality improvement
research education management |
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ANA standards of Professional Performance
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quality of care
performance appraisal education collegiality ethics collaboration research resource utilization |
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the process by which people learn to become members of groups and society, learn the social rules and define relationships into which they will enter
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socialization
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student socialization
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Davis model
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learn necessary cognitive and motor skills
adopt values of profession gain identity balance professional role w/ other roles |
role socialization
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3-phase general model of socialization
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hinshaw's model
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Benners stages of proficiency
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Novice
Advanced beginner competent practitioner proficient practitioner expert practitioner |
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Dalton, THompson & Price Career Stages
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stage i- apprentice, subordinate
stage ii-colleague stage iii-informal mentor, role model stage iv-sponsor |
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kramer resocialization model
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stage i-skill and routine mastery
stage ii-social integration stage iii-moral outrage stage iv-conflict resolution |
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considered to be the first nursing theorist. believes person is influenced by the environment
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florence nightingale
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what are the five evironmental factors linked to health as described by florence nightingale?
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pure air
pure water effecient drainage cleanliness light |
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her "unique functions of nurses" was one of the many topics she wrote about; all of her materials provided a focus for patient care via 14 basic needs
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virginia henderson (definition of nursing)
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focuses on the interactions b/t the one who is caring and the one who is being cared for that foster caring
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jean watson's human caring theory
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self care, self care defecit , and nursing systems are interwoven thoeries that help the nurse ID strategies to meet the patients self care needs
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dorothea orem (self care defecit theory)
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an abstract model addressing the complexity of the "unitary human being" which allows for examination of phenomena (energy fields, paranormal)that other theories dont describe, as the nurse promotes synchronicity b/t human beings and their environment/universe
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Martha rogers (science of unitary human beings)
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about an individual seeking equilibrium through process of adaptation; ID 6 physiological needs (exercise & rest, nutrition, elimination,fluid and electrolytes, oxygenation and circulation, regulation of temperature, senses and the endocrine system); 3 classes of stimuli/4 adaptation modes
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sister callista roy (adaptaion model)
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care is essence of nursing;
caring & culture are inextricably linked; grand theory that considers the impact of culture on the person's health and caring practices |
madeline leininger (culture care diversity & universality theory)
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relationship to stress; reactions to it;
reconstitution factors that are dynamic; client is open system surrounded by 2 rings of resistance, outside these are lines of defense; focuses on wellness and mitigating stress w/in 3 levels of prevention: primary, secondary, tertiary |
betty neuman (system model)
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care is essence of nursing;
caring & culture are inextricably linked; grand theory that considers the impact of culture on the person's health and caring practices |
madeline leininger (culture care diversity & universality theory)
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relationship to stress; reactions to it;
reconstitution factors that are dynamic; client is open system surrounded by 2 rings of resistance, outside these are lines of defense; focuses on wellness and mitigating stress w/in 3 levels of prevention: primary, secondary, tertiary |
betty neuman (system model)
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