Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is alopecia
|
bald spots
|
|
What is hirsutism?
|
Abnormal hair distribution in females caused by hormonal imbalance/medication.
|
|
What is the potassium hydroxide test used for?
|
To detect fungus problem on skin.
|
|
What is a Tzanck's smear?
|
The most common test of skin cells. Cells taken from lesion & examined under microscope for identification.
|
|
What is a Wood's light used for?
|
To detect skin infections. An ultraviolet black light produces color changes of blue, green, or red on skin in presence of some infections.
|
|
What is the patch test for allergies?
|
Patches are soaked in solution that may be causing allergy and then placed on skin to see reaction.
|
|
Name 3 types of skin biopsies.
|
Punch, Shave, Excision
|
|
What is hyperplasia?
|
Overgrowth of tissue in aging adults.
|
|
What is urticaria?
|
Hives. An allergic reaction.
|
|
What is the treatment for pruritis?
|
Treat the underlying cause. Keep nails short, bath with antibacterial soap, bathe in oily solution to soften skin, soothe irritation. Oatmeal bath helps.
|
|
Name the 3 phases of wound healing.
|
Inflammatory (3-5 days)
Fibroblastic (2-4 weeks) Maturation (3 weeks - 1 year) |
|
Name the 3 types of wound healing.
|
First intention - clean laceration
Second intention - deeper injuries Third intention - open wound, infected or potentially infected. |
|
Mechanisms of healing
|
Partial thickness/superficial - heal by epithelialization.
Full thickness - heal by contraction (granulation tissue) |
|
Causes of pressure ulcers
|
Mechanical trauma, pressure, friction, shear.
|
|
Risk factors for pressure ulcers.
|
Mental status, Activity/immobility, nutritional status, incontinence.
|
|
Risk factor tool
|
Braden scale
|
|
Pressure ulcer prevention
|
turning & position
protect bony prominences teach family about skin care |
|
Stages of pressure ulcers
|
One-redness
Two-partial skin loss Three-subcu & fascia damaged or destroyed Four-skin loss is full thickness possible damage to muscle & bone |
|
What is debridement?
|
removal of necrotic tissue. done by physician in client's room or surgery.
|
|
What is a pedical graft?
|
Donor area flap still attached (arm to stomach) graft site immobilized 3-5 days. Surgeon does 1st dressing change. Pressure dressing may be applied to immobilize.
|
|
3 types of infectious disorders
|
Bacterial, Viral, Fungal
|
|
Example of a bacterial disorder
|
Folliculitis or Furuncle (infected hair follicle)Cellulitis. Tx-Heat and antibiotics
|
|
Example of a viral infection
|
Herpes simplex 1 - cold sore. Recurring virus. Virus remains dormant in nervous system. Tx acyclovir.
|
|
Example of a fungal infection.
|
tinea, athletes foot, ringworm, jock itch. Tx-topical antifungal or sever oral antifungal. Caused by a dermatophyte.
|
|
2 types of parasitic disorders
|
Pediculosis (lice infestation), Scabies (mite burrows under skin)
Tx - topical. Change linens, check people who have been in contact |
|
psoriasis cause and S&S
|
Unknown. Thick papules and plaques w/ silvery scales. No cure. Tx-topical steroids, ultraviolet light therapy, cytotoxic agents to destroy cells.
|
|
5 Benign skin conditions
|
Cysts- tx-antibiotics, heat
Seborrheic keratosis-normal variation of skin w/ aging. no treatment. Keloids-overgrowth of scar tissue Nevi-mole Warts-small tumors caused by virus. Tx-surgery, topical agents. |
|
Bacitracin, Neomycin used for
|
skin infections, minor burns, wounds
side effects -rare, rashes, urticaria, scaling, redness. |
|
Acyclovir used for
|
Herpes simplex, herpes genitalis
Side effects-rash, urticaria, stinging |
|
Antifungals used for?
|
tinea cruris, tinea pedis, diaper rash. Side effects: burning, stinging, itching, peeling.
|
|
Topical corticosteroids are used for?
|
psoriasis, eczema, pruritus
Side effects: acne, epidermal thinning, purpura, striae. |
|
Proteolytic Enzymes are used for?
|
chemical debridement
Side effects: transient erythema, dermatitis and fever. |
|
Fibrinolysin and desoxyribonuclease are use for?
|
debridement of inflamed or infected lesions. Side effects: caution in clients with sensitivity to bovine source materials or mercury compounds.
|
|
Sutilains are used for?
|
open wounds and ulcers resulting from 2nd and 3rd degree burns, decubiti, pvd, wounds from trauma or incisions.
side effects: mild transient pain, local paresthesia, bleeding. |
|
Dextranomer is used for?
|
cleasing a wet or secreting wound. no side effects listed.
|
|
What is the order of examining the abdomen?
|
Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion.
|
|
Why is a barium enema done?
|
To visualize the colon. Detects bowel obstruction or masses in colon.
|
|
What medication is given before an EGD?
|
Conscious sedation (versed).
|
|
Nursing considerations post-op for EGD?
|
V.S. taken until sedation wears off. Client NPO until gag reflex returns. Normal to have sore throat, blood tinged sputum.
|
|
Why is a CBC done (related to GI)?
|
To assess for anemia (RBC's) or infection (WBC's)
|
|
What do levels of the enzymes LDH, AST, and ALT tell you?
|
Info about liver damage.
|
|
Why is a stool occult done?
|
To test for occult blood and parasites.
|
|
What are post-op nursing considerations for colonoscopy?
|
V.S. closely, lots of flatus, cramping, feeling of fullness, may have small amount of blood in first stool fater exam. Report large amounts of blood.
|
|
Why is gastric fluid analyzed?
|
To check for CA cells and other disorders.
|
|
Why is urine tested?
|
To detect bile, provides info re: gall bladder or liver disease and for presence of amylase (indicates pancreatic disorders)
|
|
Why are tumor markers assessed in the blood?
|
To assess the effect of cancer treatment and for the recurrence of cancer.
|
|
What is stomatitis?
|
An inflammation and/or infection of the oral mucosa. May be caused by bacteria, virus, fungus, allergy, vitamin deficiency, esp. B12, iron deficiency, chemo, radiation.
|
|
Some nursing diagnosis for mouth cancer and stomatitis.
|
Ineffective airway, impaired oral mucous membranes, impaired communication, acute pain, risk for infection, disturbed body image.
|
|
Non-surgical management for mouth cancer or stomatitis.
|
radiation or chemotherapy.
|
|
Nursing interventions for post-op mouth cancer or stomatitis.
|
humidified O2, pain meds (morphine), NOP until healing complete, NG tube with tube feedings.
|
|
What is achalasia?
|
The lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly with swallowing or abnormal esophageal contractions replace regular peristalsis. Causes progressive dysphagia, regurgitation.
|
|
Post-op nursing for esophagus surgery.
|
monitor for bleeding or signs of perforation. Hematemesis (blood in vomit)
|
|
What is the pain like in GERD?
|
Can radiate to neck, jaw, back. Can resemble cardiac pain.
|
|
Causes of hiatal hernia.
|
Obesity, muscle weakness, trauma, previous surgeries.
|