Nursing 114 Test 2

Front 1

acromegaly

Back 1

disease process resulting from excessive secretion of somatotropin; causes progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts

Front 2

addisonian crisis

Back 2

acute adrenocortical insufficiency; characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock; precipitated by stress or abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic glucocorticoids

Front 3

Addison's disease

Back 3

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to destruction of the adrenal glands

Front 4

adrenalectomy

Back 4

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

Front 5

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 5

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and devel

Front 6

adrenogenital syndrome

Back 6

masculinization in women, feminization in men, or premature sexual development in children; result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens

Front 7

androgens

Back 7

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulate activity of accessory male sex organs and development of male sex characteristics

Front 8

basal metabolic rate

Back 8

chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

Front 9

calcitonin

Back 9

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation

Front 10

Chvostek's sign

Back 10

spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia

Front 11

corticosteroids

Back 11

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents; also referred to as adrenal-cortical hormone and adrenocorticosteroid; consist of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

Front 12

cretinism

Back 12

stunted body growth and mental development appearing during the first year of life as a result of congenital hypothyroidism

Front 13

Cushing's syndrome

Back 13

group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex; characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face,” acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

Front 14

diabetes insipidus

Back 14

condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin

Front 15

dwarfism

Back 15

generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood

Front 16

endocrine

Back 16

secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

Front 17

euthyroid

Back 17

state of normal thyroid hormone production

Front 18

exocrine

Back 18

secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

Front 19

exophthalmos

Back 19

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Front 20

glucocorticoids

Back 20

steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose

Front 21

goiter

Back 21

enlargement of the thyroid gland; usually caused by an iodine-deficient diet

Front 22

Graves' disease

Back 22

a form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos

Front 23

hormones

Back 23

chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried by the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly by endocrine glands

Front 24

hypophysectomy

Back 24

removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland

Front 25

mineralocorticoid

Back 25

steroid of the adrenal cortex

Front 26

myxedema

Back 26

severe hypothyroidism characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in interstitial tissues, a masklike expression, puffy eyelids, loss of eyebrow hair, thick lips, and a broad tongue

Front 27

negative feedback

Back 27

regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance

Front 28

oxytocin

Back 28

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes myometrial contraction at term and milk release during lactation

Front 29

pheochromocytoma

Back 29

chromaffin cell tumor, usually benign, located in the adrenal medulla; characterized by secretion of catecholamines resulting in hypertension, severe headache, profuse sweating, visual blurring, anxiety, and nausea

Front 30

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

Back 30

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

Front 31

thyroidectomy

Back 31

surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland

Front 32

thyroiditis

Back 32

inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

Front 33

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Back 33

released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid, resulting in release of T3 and T4

Front 34

thyroid storm

Back 34

severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia, and altered mental state

Front 35

thyrotoxicosis

Back 35

condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone

Front 36

thyroxine (T4)

Back 36

thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to form triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state

Front 37

triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 37

thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active and with faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism

Front 38

Trousseau's sign

Back 38

carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia

Front 39

vasopressin

Back 39

ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes contraction of smooth muscle, particularly blood vessels