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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of movement do the ureters use?
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peristaltic movement
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Where is the bladder located in women?
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in front of uterus/vagina
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Where is the bladder located in men?
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in front of rectum, above prostate
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How long is woman's urethra?
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1-2"
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How long is man's urethra?
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8"
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a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to th bladder
may occur in the central nervous system or at the level of the spinal cord |
neurogenic bladder
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the partial or complete impairment of kidney function
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renal failure
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What are some of the causes of Acute renal failure?
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trauma, surgery
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What are some of the causes of Chronic renal failure?
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elevated blood pressure, CAD
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Why is a newborns urine pink tinged?
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uric acid crystals in the bladder
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When does a fetus start forming urine?
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11-12 weeks gestation
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How long after birth do newborns void?
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within 24 hours
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When do most children have full control of their bladder?
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4-5 years of age
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When do the kidneys reach their max size?
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35-40 years
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What are some problems the elderly have with their kidney's?
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decreased blood flow to the kidneys
excessive urination at night frequency residual urine |
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How many times a day is average for voiding?
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5 times
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How much urine should be produced in one day?
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1500cc
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production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increase in fluid intake
2500-3000 ml every day |
polyuria
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low urine output, uually less than 500ml every day or 30 ml in an hour
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oliguria
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lack of urine production
less than 100ml in 24 hours |
anuria
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What are some of the causes for anuria?
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-renal failure
-severe burns -heart failure -shock -bleeding |
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voiding at frequent intervals without a significant increase in fluid intake
each void usually contains less tahn 250ml of urine |
frequency
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inflammation/infection is located in the bladder folds
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cystitis
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increased frequency at night
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nocturia
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an intense feeling that a person most void
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urgency
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painful or difficult voiding
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dysuria
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difficulty starting stream
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hesitancy
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repeated involuntary urination in children beyond the age when bladder control is normally acquired (bedwetting)
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enuresis
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What are some of the causes of enuresis?
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-hereditary
-smaller than normal bladder capacity -sleeping soundly -irritable bladder -too early, too vigorous bladder training -socioeconomic condition -too cold to get out of bed -parental attitudes -UTI -neurologic defic -diet -fear of dark |
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the involuntary leakage or loss of urine from the bladder
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incontinence
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nearly continuous unpredictable urine leakage
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total incontinence
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inability or unwillingness of a person with normal bladder and sphincter control to reach the bathroom in time to void r/t environmental or physical barriers, or disorientation
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functional incontinence
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sudden involuntary loss of small amounts of urine (<50cc)
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stress incontinence
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follows a sudden strong desire to urinate (also called hyperactive or irritable bladder)
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urge incontinence
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a dribbling incontinence that results when the client's bladder is full and greatly distended with urine because of an obstruction at the bladder level or below
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overflow incontinence
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a result of neurogenic bladder caused by neurologic impairment or dysfunction (below T-12)
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reflex incontinence
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an accumulation of urine in the bladder that cannot be emptied completely or at all
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urinary retention
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what is it called when the urine backs up to the kidney
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hydronephrosis
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what are some causes for urinary retention?
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-post pardum swelling in peritneal area, prostatisis, stones
-medications-BP pills, pseudofed -psychological factors-voluntarily (privacy) anxiety -"shy" bladder-privacy issues |
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True or False:
-some s/s of retention include -discomfort in the pubic area -bladder distention -inability to void or frequent voiding of small amounts -disproportionately small amounts of urine output in r/t input -increased restlessness |
true
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Why are UTI's more common in women?
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poor perineal hygiene
proxiemty frequent intercourse without voiding frequent bubble baths |
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What is the most common cause of UTI?
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catheterazation (invasive procedure)
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What are some of the things to assess for in urinary elimination?
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-hx: UTI's, stones, surgery involving the urinary tract, CAD, chronic diseases that alter urinary chara. or impair function (DM, MS
-Physical assessment- palpation, inspection -assessment of the urine: volume, color, odor, specific gravity, presence of glucose, ketones, or blood, pH |
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accumulation of white, odorous secretions from sebacous glands found under labia minor and foreskin of uncircumsized men (this is normal)
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smegma
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When is the best time for a UA?
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first void in the morning
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visualizes the urinary system by use of a radiopaque dye
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IVP (intravenous pyelogram)
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a flat plate xray to visualize the kidney, uteters and bladder
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KUB
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measures the amount of urea nitrigen in the blood
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BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
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evaluates kidney function, most specific, measures waste product of skeletal muscle tissue
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serum creatinine
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measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blody by the kidneys
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creatinine clearance
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what are some of the causes for total incontinence?
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-injury to external sphincter
-fistula -spinal cord injury |
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What is the correct term for kidney infection?
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pyelonephritis
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