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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
MDRO's |
Multi-drug resistant organisms |
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HAI's |
Health care-aquired infections |
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HBV |
Hepatitis B Virus |
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HCV |
Hepatitis C Virus |
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Invasion of a susceptible host |
infection |
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Another name for microorganism that results in disease |
pathogen |
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Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without any tissue invasion or damage |
Colonization |
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Viral meningitis and pneumonia is this type of disease that has a low or no risk for transmission |
infectious |
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An infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another |
communicable disease |
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If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms the infection is ________ |
symptomatic |
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If clinical signs and symptoms are not present, the illness is ________ |
asymptomatic |
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Chain of infection: 6 steps |
I Really Like My Pasta Hot |
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Ability to produce disease |
virulence |
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Has an impaired immune system |
immunocompromised |
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Acidity of the environment |
pH |
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Sites such as blood, mucus membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and GI tract (in chain of infection) |
Portal of exit |
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Unwashed hands of a health care worker is a major route of ________ |
transmission |
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Ability to survive in the host or outside the body |
virulence |
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Individual's degree of resistance to pathogens |
Susceptibility |
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A place where in a pathogen survives such as hosts, food, water (in chain of infection) |
reservoir |
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Person's who show no symptoms of illness but who have the pathogens that are transferred to others |
Carriers |
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Bacteria that require oxygen for survival and example |
Aerobic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
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Bacteria that require oxygen for survival and example |
Anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis (it is part of the normal flora but can cause infection if enters bloodstream or surrounding tissue following surgery) |
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Prevention of the growth and reproduction of bacteria by cold temperatures |
Bacteriostasis |
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A temperature of chemical that destroys bacteria |
bactericidal |
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The absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms |
Asepsis |
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When _______-_______ antibiotics are used for the treatment of infection it can lead to _________, which develops when these antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection |
broad spectrum suprainfection |
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A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores from inanimate objects |
disinfection |
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Infection that occurs when part of the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results |
Endogenous infection ex. staphylococci, enterococci, yeasts, streptococci |
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Infection that comes from microorganisms found outside the individual |
exogenous infection ex. salmonella, clostridium tetani |
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A type of HAI caused be invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure |
Iatrogenic Infection |
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fluid and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels, and tissue repair |
exudate ex. pus or serum |
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dead tissue |
necrotic |
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Exudate that is clear, like plasma |
serous |
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Exudate that contains red blood cells |
sanguineous |
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Exudate that contains WBC and bacteria |
purulent |
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Fragile tissue that eventually takes the form of a scar at the completion of the healing process |
granulation tissue |
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If an infection is _______, a patient usually experiences symptoms such as pain, tenderness, warmth and redness at wound site |
localized |
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Two types of aseptic technique are: |
medical and surgical |
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Hand hygiene, barrier techniques, and routine environmental cleaning are examples of? |
medical asepsis |
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Sterile technique that prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate an operative area from an unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field of surgery |
surgical asepsis |
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a place where microorganisms survive, multiply and await transfer to a susceptible host (in chain of infection) |
reservoir |
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an area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items |
sterile field |
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Eliminates or destroys all forms of microbial life including spores |
sterilization |
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Pus-forming infection also called |
supporative |
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Infection that affects entire body |
systemic |
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A vector in a mode of transmission can be: |
mosquito louse flea tick |
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The ideal temperature for most human pathogens: |
68 degrees to 109 degrees farenheit 20 degrees celsius to 43 degrees celsius |
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Modes of transmission Person to person physical contact between source and susceptibile host |
Direct |
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Modes of transmission Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object |
indirect |
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Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host |
Droplet |
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Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles |
Airborne |
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Contaminated items, water, drugs, solutions, blood, food |
Vehicles |
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External mechanical transfer (flies) Internal transmission such as mosquito, louse, flea, tick |
Vector |
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Course of infection by stage Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms |
incubation period |
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Course of infection by stage Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms ex. herpes simplex begins with itching and tingling at the site before the lesion appears |
Prodromal stage |
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Course of infection by stage Interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection ex. strep throat is manifested by high fever |
Illness stage |
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Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear |
Convalescence |
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Normal value for white blood cell count |
5000-10000 mm |
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Transmission based-precautions: Private room, negative pressure airflow of at least 6-12 exchanges per hour via a high efficiency particulate air filtration, mask or respiratory device, N95 respirator |
airborne precautions |
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which precaution? measles, chickenpox(varicella), disseminated varicella zoster, pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis |
Airborne precautions |
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Transmission based-precautions Private room or cohort patients; mask or respirator required |
Droplet precaution |
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which precaution? Diptheria, rubella, strep, pneumonia, scarlet fever, pertussis, mumps, pneumonic plague, meningococcal pneumonia |
Droplet precaution |
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precaution infection/condition examples: Private room or cohort patients, gloves, gowns, (patients may leave their room for procedures or therapy if infectious material is contained or covered, placed in a clean gown, and if hands are cleaned) |
Contact precautions |
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which precaution? Colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms such as VRE and MRSA, c-diff, shigella, major wound infections, herpes simplex, scabies, immunocompromised adults |
Contact precaution |
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which precaution? Private room, positive airflow with 12 or more air exchanges per hour; HEPA filtration for incoming air; mask to be worn by patient when out of room during times of construction area |
Protective environment |
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which precaution? allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants |
protective environment |
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Primary reason for wearing gowns: |
To prevent soiling clothes during contact with a patient |
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Steps for putting on PPE when entering isolation room: |
Gown Mask/respirator Goggles Gloves |
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Steps for removing PPE (Remember ABC's) |
Gloves Goggles Gown Mask |