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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Position
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A group of tasks assigned to one individual
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Job
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A group of positions that are similar in nature and level of skill that can be carried out by one or more individuals
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Occupation
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A group of jobs that are similar in type of work and that are usually found throughout an industry or work environment
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Profession
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A type of occupation that meets certain criteria that raise it to a level above that of an occupation
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Professional
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A person who belongs to and practices a profession
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Professionalism
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The demonstration of high-level personal, ethical, and skill characteristics of a member of a profession
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What are three models are used to determine what constitutes a profession?
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1. The Process Approach
2. The Power Approach 3. The Trait Approach (most widely accepted) |
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How does the process approach view all occupations?
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Points of development into a profession along a continuum ranging from position to profession
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What is the major difficulty with the process approach?
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This approach lacks criteria on which to base judgments
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What two criteria does the power approach use to define a profession?
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1. How much independence of practice does this occupation have?
2. How much power does this occupation control? |
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What is evidence-based practice?
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The practice of nursing in which interventions are based on data from research that demonstrates that they are appropriate and successful
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What is one of the key limiting factors of evidence-based practice?
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The quality of the information on which the practice is based
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What are 5 markers for a reliable web site?
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1. Peer review
2. Author credentials 3. Prejudice and Bias 4. Timeliness 5. Presentation |
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What are two examples of an Advanced Practice Nurse?
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1. The Nurse Practitioner
2. The Clinical Nurse Specialist |
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What are Nurse Practitioners prepared to do?
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Provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems
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What is the Clinical Nurse Specialist?
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Usually practice in secondary or tertiary care settings and focus on care of individuals whom are experiencing an acute illness or an exacerbation of a chronic condition
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What is the case manager responsible for?
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The case manager coordinates services for clients with high-risk or long-term health problems who have access to the full continuum of health-care services
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From the standpoint of nursing, how is power best defined?
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The ability or capacity to exert influence over another person or group of persons. In other words, power is the ability to get other people to do things even when they do not want to do them
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What does empowerment refer to?
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The increased amount of power that an individual or group is either given or gains
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What are some acceptable sources of power that nurses should consider using in their practice?
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Referent, expert, reward, coercive, legitimate, collective
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The referent source of power depends on what?
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On establishing and maintaining a close personal relationship with someone
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The expert source of power derives from what?
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The amount of knowledge, skill, or expertise that an individual or group has
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The reward source of power depends on what?
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The ability of one person to grant another some type of reward for specific behaviors or changes in behavior
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The coercive source of power is what?
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The flip side of the reward source. The ability to punish, withhold rewards, and threaten punishment in the key element underlying the coercive source of power. Nurses use this source minimally.
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The legitimate source of power depends on what?
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A legislative or legal act that gives the individual or organization a right to make decisions that they might not otherwise have the authority to make. Most obviously, political figures and legislators have this source of power
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The collective source of power is often used how?
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In a broader context than individual client care and is the underlying source for many other sources of power.
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What can nurses, either as individuals or as a group, do to increase their power?
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Professional unity, political activity, accountability and professionalism, and networking.
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A primary aspect of working with clients in any psychiatric setting is developing what?
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A therapeutic alliance. This alliance is a professional bond that exists between a nurse and a client and often plays a significant role in client well-being.
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The therapeutic alliance begins where?
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In the nurse-client relationship and is the cornerstone of nursing interventions in any psychiatric setting.
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New nurses sometimes miss the importance of what?
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Encouraging clients to manage as many aspects of their own lives as possible, even when the outcomes do not appear perfect to the nurse
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what are some principles and guidelines for developing and maintaining a nurse-client relationship?
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1. Relationship is therapeutic rather than social
2. Remains client focused 3. Reltaionship is purposeful and goal directed 4. Relationship is objective rather than subjective 5. The relationship is time limited rather than open ended |
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Before modern nursing, what was thought to be the cause of illness?
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Evil spirits were thought to be the cause of illness, and the medicine men and women who practiced witchcraft were considered religious figures
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The rise of what religion caused a surge in health care?
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The rise of Buddhism around 530 b.c. caused a surge in health care, with public hospitals and high standards for doctors and other hospital workers and an emphasis on hygiene and prevention of disease.
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Which culture had a good knowledge of anatomy and physiology?
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The Hebrews
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Which god was devoted to medicine and good health?
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The god Apollo
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Who is "the father of medicine"?
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Hippocrates
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What did Hippocrates beliefs focus on?
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His beliefs focused on harmony with natural law instead of appeasing the gods. He emphasized treating the whole client - mind, body, spirit, and environment. He was also concerned with ethical standards, we now have the famous Hippocratic oath.
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The term nurse, was thought to have originated where?
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The term nurse is thought to have originated from the Latin word nutrire, meaning to nourish, nurture, or suckle a child
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What was the biggest contribution to health care in the Christian based era?
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The biggest contribution to health care in this period may have been the insistence on cleanliness and hygiene, which lessened the spread of infections.
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When was one of the first schools of nursing established?
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One of the first nursing schools was established in 1640 by the Sisters of St. Ursula in Quebec, and Spanish and French religious orders would establish hospital-based training schools in the New World over the next 100 years.
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Who was the founder of the first U.S. hospital dedicated to treating the sick?
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Benjamin Franklin founded Pennsylvania Hospital, the first U.S. hospital dedicated to treating the sick, in 1751.
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What were some technological developments in the 19th century?
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Technological developments in the 19th century included medications such as morphine and codeine for pain and quinine to treat malaria.
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World War II produced another nursing shortage, what was the response of Congress?
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Congress passed the Bolton Nurse Training Act, which shortened hospital-based training programs from 36 to 30 months.
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What did the new Cadet Nurse Corps establish?
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Minimum educational standards for nursing programs and forbade discrimination on the basis of race, creed, or sex.
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What symbol, although large by todays standards, is often considered the first true nursing pin?
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the Maltese cross
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Who is usually regarded as the founder of modern nursing, and when did she live?
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Florence Nightingale and she lived from 1820 - 1910
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What were some contributions from Isabel Adams Hampton Robb (1860 - 1910)?
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She was a superintendent of a hospital in Rome, she focused on the academic rather than the clinical side of nursing. She dedicated her life to raising the standards of nursing education in the U.S. She headed the new Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses. She was the first president of American Nurses Association. She helped to develop the American Journal of nursing.
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What were the contributions of Lillian Wald (1867 - 1940) to nursing?
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she opened the Henry Street Settlement, a storefront health clinic. She was a dedicated social reformer. Under Walds directions, Columbia University developed courses to prepares nurses for careers in public health. She is also credited with founding the the American Red Cross's Town and Country Nursing Service and with initiating the concept of school nursing. In 1912, she founded and became the firs president of the National Organization of Public Health Nursing
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what were the nursing contributions of Lavinia Lloyd Dock (1858 - 1956)?
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She attended New York's Bellevue Training School for Nurses in 1885. She wrote the first medication textbook for nurses. She spent most of her career dedicated to the pursuit of equal right. She is considered one of the most influential leaders in the early 20th century
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What were the nursing contributions of Annie W. Goodrich (1866 - 1954)?
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She was known as an outstanding nursing educator and ran a number of nursing schools in New York. In 1910, she was appointed as state inspector of nursing schools
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What are some of the most powerful forces of change that nursing educators are being forced with?
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1. The movement toward a market-driven health care economy
2. The wider use of capitated managed care for financing coverage 3. The increasing age and diversity of the U.S. population 4. A shortage of registered nurses 5. A shortage of qualified nursing faculty 6. The rapid leaps forward in health-care and information technology |
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since the year 2000, where have about 60% of nurses been employed?
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in acute care hospitals
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Critical thinking is generally recognized as what?
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The ability to use basic core knowledge and decision-making skills in deciding and resolving situations with a relatively small amount of data and a high degree or risk and ambiguity
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What is relationship-centered nursing care?
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client focused and revolves around the client's trust in, value of, and understanding of the nurse's skills and role in the healing process
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What does case management include?
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Not only overseeing the clients' care while they are in the hospital but also following clients through their rehabilitation at home, long-term follow-up, health care practices, and developmental stages.
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What are the three approaches for attaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing?
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1. The professional degree
2. The Full Academic Degree 3. Career ladder program |
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What does a ladder program allow a nurse to do?
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To upgrade their education and move from one educational level to another with relative ease by granting credit for previous course work and experience and without loss of credits from previous education
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