Nurs112

Front 1

osmosis

Back 1

movement from lesser concentration to higher concentration

Front 2

diffusion

Back 2

random movement from higher concentration to lower concentration; requires protein

Front 3

filtration

Back 3

higher to lower pressure

Front 4

active transport

Back 4

movement of ions to an area of higher pressure; requires atp

Front 5

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Back 5

strong;pushing force;fluid moves into interstitial

Front 6

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Back 6

weaker;push fluid back into capillaries

Front 7

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Back 7

inward pulling into capillaries

Front 8

interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Back 8

opposing force

Front 9

arterial end

Back 9

stronger;fluid moves into interstital; brings nutrients

Front 10

venous end

Back 10

weaker;moves into capillaries ; removes waste

Front 11

colloid osmotic pressure

Back 11

decreased colloid pressure
decrease serum protein = low colloid osmotic pressure

Front 12

hydrostatic pressure

Back 12

increase capillary pressure force fluid out and increases fluid in interstitial

Front 13

increased capillary permeability

Back 13

proteins leak into interstitial space; fluid is pulled from intravascular area into interstitial space causing edema

Front 14

lymph obstruction

Back 14

fluid and protein are retained in interstitial causing water in interstitial space

Front 15

third spacing

Back 15

shift of fluid from vascular bed to interstitial space; decreases vascular volume

Front 16

adh

Back 16

renal cells absorb water
decreases urine volume

Front 17

raas

Back 17

renin to angiotensin to angiotensin I to angiotenson II to aldosterone

Front 18

aldosterone

Back 18

increases volume of ecf by removing sodium and water

Front 19

anp

Back 19

secteted when blood volume and blood pressure rise and strerch atria; shuts off raas

Front 20

volume imbalances

Back 20

disturbances in the amount of fluid in extracellular compartment

Front 21

osmolality imbalances

Back 21

disturbances of the concentration of body fluids

Front 22

ecf deficit

Back 22

insufficient isotonic fluid in extracellular. hypovolemia

Front 23

ecf excess

Back 23

too much isotonic fluid in extracellular

Front 24

hyoervolemia

Back 24

retention of water and electrolytes

Front 25

causes of hypervolemia

Back 25

chf
renal failure
cirhosis
cushings
excessive salt

Front 26

s/s hypervolemia

Back 26

weight gain
peripheral edema
distended neck veins
polyuria
increased bp
moist rales

Front 27

treatment of hypervolemia

Back 27

treat problem
limit fluid intake
diuretics
restrict sodium

Front 28

hypovolemia

Back 28

conserve water and sodium

Front 29

causes hypovolemia

Back 29

blood loss
reduced fluid intake
excessive water loss

Front 30

s/s hypovolemia

Back 30

oliguria

Front 31

treatment hypovolemia

Back 31

determine renal ffunction
cont fluids
monitor renal output
eval lungs and bp for fluid overload

Front 32

s/s fluid vol deficit

Back 32

oliguria
drop in systolic bp
weak rapid pulse
weight loss
dry mucous membrane
below norm body temp
hct elevated
late stages: cold clammy skin oliguria stupor coma

Front 33

hypernatremia

Back 33

water deficit; loss of h2o than salt

Front 34

hyponatremia

Back 34

water excess; gain of more h2o than salt

Front 35

sodium

Back 35

dominant electrolyte
chief bade of blood
135-145

Front 36

osmolar imbalances

Back 36

sodium imbalances

Front 37

hyperosmolar

Back 37

too much sodium

Front 38

hypoosmolar

Back 38

too little sodium

Front 39

causes hyponatremia

Back 39

excess water intake
kidneys cant excrete water
heart failure
water enemas
excess iv d5w

Front 40

s/s hyponatremia

Back 40

mental confusion
headache
anxiety
seizures
n/v
edema

Front 41

treatment hyponatremia

Back 41

treat cause
restrict water intake
increase sodium
change iv to nss
monitor for hypervolemia

Front 42

causes hypernatremia

Back 42

decreased water intake (cant swallow, mental state, anorexia,cant ask for water)
kidney cant absorb water
cushings
excessive use of diuretics
diabetes insipidus
excessive water loss

Front 43

s/s hypernatremia

Back 43

dry sticky membrane
flushed dry skin
oliguria
low grade fever
irritability

Front 44

treatment for hypernatremia

Back 44

prevention
use d5 1/4% or .45% saline
monitor i and o
admin fluids
restrict sodium

Front 45

intraoperative phase

Back 45

from or to pacu

Front 46

hemostatsis

Back 46

bleeding stopped

Front 47

anesthesia

Back 47

partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness

Front 48

anesthetics

Back 48

drug induced state where cns is altered

Front 49

analgesic

Back 49

med to relieve pain

Front 50

local anesthesia

Back 50

interferes with nerve transmission
lidocaine

Front 51

general anesthesia

Back 51

controlled state of unconsciousness

Front 52

4 stages general anesthesia

Back 52

preinduction: monitors
induction:intubation
maintenance:preparation
emergence:awakening

Front 53

regional anesthesia

Back 53

loss of sensation no loss of consciousness, may be sedated
epideral spinal

Front 54

conscious sedation

Back 54

provides analgesia and anemia
propofol

Front 55

malignant hyperthermia

Back 55

life threating, hyperthermia with rigidity of skeletal muscles

Front 56

s/s mh

Back 56

muscle rigidity
high fever
tachypnea
metabolic acidosis
dysrhythmias
hypoxia
hypertension
hyperkalemia
cyanosis

Front 57

traetment mh

Back 57

stop triggering agent
o2
cool patient
steroids
dantrium
mobe pt.as little as possible

Front 58

laryngospasms

Back 58

occlusion of larynx

Front 59

s/s larynospams

Back 59

crowling
gasping
rr<12
cyanosis
shallow.breathing
confusion

Front 60

treatment laryngospams

Back 60

eliminate cause
lidocaine
o2
hyperextend neck

Front 61

iv therapy

Back 61

replace fluids and electrolytes into blood stream

Front 62

gauge

Back 62

larger gauge smaller diameter
18g blood
20g universal
22g elderly and small

Front 63

isotonic iv solutions

Back 63

same as blood
replace fluid
nss,lr,d5w

Front 64

hypertonic iv solutions

Back 64

more concentrate than blood
hyponatremia
d5ns,d51/2ns,d5lr,d10w,3%5%ns

Front 65

hypotonic iv solutions

Back 65

diluate than blood
hypernatremia
1/2ns(45%) 1/4 ns
dont give to pts.with increased intracranial pressure

Front 66

decreased flow

Back 66

may clot off

Front 67

increased flow

Back 67

fluid excess,could be fatal

Front 68

infiltration

Back 68

iv fluid enter surrounding area

Front 69

s/s infiltration

Back 69

edema
pallor/coolness
slight pain

Front 70

treat infiltration

Back 70

stop iv
warm or cool compress

Front 71

phelbitis

Back 71

inflammation of vein

Front 72

s/s phelbitis

Back 72

pain
edema
erythema
heat

Front 73

treat phelbitis

Back 73

discontinue iv
warm compress

Front 74

acute hemolytic

Back 74

incompatible blood

Front 75

s/s acute hemolytic

Back 75

fever
chills
low back pain
tacycardia

Front 76

treat acute hemolytic

Back 76

stop transfusion

Front 77

febrile non hemolytic

Back 77

sensitization to donor wbc

Front 78

s/s febrile non hemolytic

Back 78

sudden chills
fever
flushing
muscle pain

Front 79

treat febrile non hemolytic

Back 79

stop transfusion
give antipyretic
do not restart transfusion

Front 80

mild allergic

Back 80

sensitivity to foreign plasma

Front 81

s/s mild allergic

Back 81

flushing
edema

Front 82

treat mild allergic

Back 82

stop transfusion
give antihistamines

Front 83

anaphylactic

Back 83

infusion of iga proteins to iga deficient recipient

Front 84

s/s anaphalactic

Back 84

anxiety
urticaria
cyanosis
shock

Front 85

traet anaphylactic

Back 85

stop
cpr
epinepherine

Front 86

circulatory overload

Back 86

fluid faster than can handle

Front 87

s/s circulatory overload

Back 87

cough
sob
crackles
htn

Front 88

treat circulatory overload

Back 88

client upright
diuretics
adjust flow

Front 89

sepsis

Back 89

transfusion of contaminated blood

Front 90

s/s sepsis

Back 90

rapid onset chills
high fever
vomiting
shock

Front 91

treat sepsis

Back 91

stop transfusion
obtain blood culture
treat septicemia

Front 92

rest

Back 92

period of inactivity that is dependent on relaxation of mind and body

Front 93

sleep

Back 93

state of consciousness where individuals perception and reaction to environment is decreased

Front 94

ras

Back 94

wake center
maintains arousal

Front 95

bulbar synchronizing system

Back 95

sleep center
releases serotonin to promote sleep

Front 96

nrem

Back 96

4stages
restoration and recovery

Front 97

rem

Back 97

dreaming
cognitive and psychological restoration

Front 98

insomnia

Back 98

inadequate sleep
can't fall asleep
frequent awaking

Front 99

sleep deprivation

Back 99

quantity,quality,consistency of sleep

Front 100

s/s sleep deprivation

Back 100

hand tremors
decreased reflexes
mood

Front 101

circadian rhythm disorder

Back 101

cant sleep when sleep is needed

Front 102

narcolepsy

Back 102

eds:fall asleep without warning
cataplexy: no muscle control
hypnagogic: dreams while awake
sleep paralysis: mimics paralysis in rem sleep

Front 103

meds for narcolspy

Back 103

modafnil
nuvigil
ritalin
concerta

Front 104

sleep apnea

Back 104

periods of cessation of breathing
csa least common decrease in aryerial oxygen levels
osa cessation of breathing for 10 sec occurring 30 times

Front 105

hypnotics

Back 105

meds to induce sleep

Front 106

sedatives

Back 106

meds produce calming effect

Front 107

benzodiazepines

Back 107

depress cns
hangover effect
lorazepam

Front 108

nonbenzodiazepines

Back 108

treat of choice
zaleplon
eszopicolone