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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the skin?
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1. Protection - decrease injury
2. Barrier - prevents penetration 3. Temperature regulation 4. Wound Repair 5. Absorption/Excretion 6. Production of Vitamin D 7. Perception/Sensation - for touch, pain, temperature, pressure 8. Identification 9. Communication - express emotions |
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What are the layers of the skin?
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1. Epidermis
2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous |
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What is the epidermis?
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outer most layer, think but tough
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What is the Basal Cell Layer?
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forms new skin; produces keratin, melanin, carotene
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What is the Stratum Corneum?
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horny cell layer consists of dead keratinized cells
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What is the dermis?
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inner supportive layer consists of connective tissues, nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics, hair follicles, sebaceous gland and sweat glands
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What is the subcutaneous layer?
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adipose tissue
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What are the components of the appendages of the skin?
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hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails
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What are the 2 types of hair?
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vellus and terminal
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What is the function of sebaceous glands?
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produce sebum
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What are the 2 types and functions of sweat glands?
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eccrine glands - produce sweat
apocrine glands - produce thick milky secretions |
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What is a nail composed of?
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hard plates of keratin
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What are the cultural considerations regarding to darker skin, body odor, and hair?
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1. Native Americans and African Americans have darker skin pigment that can lower the incidence of skin cancer
2. Asians and Native Americans have mild body odor compared to Caucasians and African Americans 3. Hair has various textures; African Americans tend to have dry and coarse hair while Asians tend to have straight and silky hair. |
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What is a primary lesion?
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wound that is caused by an object or trauma
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What is a macule?
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A color change, flat less than 1 cm
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What is an example of a macule?
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Freckles
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What is a patch?
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A flat macule that is greater than 1 cm
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What is an example of a patch?
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Mongolian spot, café au lait (birth mark)
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What is a papule?
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Elevated solid lesion, less than 1 cm, lesion you can feel
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What is an example of a papule?
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Mole or wart
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What is a plaque?
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A papule that is greater than 1 cm in width
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What is an example of a plaque?
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Psoriasis
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What is a nodule?
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Solid, elevated, hard or soft, greater than 1cm, extends deeper into the dermis
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What is an example of a nodule?
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intradermal nevi
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What is a tumor?
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Greater than 2 cm, firm or soft mass
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What is an example of a tumor?
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Lipoma or hemangioma
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What is wheal?
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Superficial, raised lesion
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What is an example of a wheal?
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PPD or insect bite
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What is a urticaria?
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Multiple wheal like lesions, very itchy
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What is an example of a urticaria?
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Hives
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What is a vesicle?
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Fluid filled, elevated lesion, less than 1 cm
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What is an example of a vesicle?
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Herpes, chicken pox, small blister
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What is a bulla?
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Greater than 1 cm vesicle
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What is an example of a bulla?
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Burn, large blisters, bullous impetigo
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What is a cyst?
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Fluid filled cavity extending to dermis or subcutaneous layer
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What is an example of a cyst?
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Sebaceous cyst
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What is a pustule?
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Pus filled lesion, ignores size
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What is an example of pustule?
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Acne, pimple
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What are secondary lesions?
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Lesions that occur after a primary lesion
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What is a crust?
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thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
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Example of a crust?
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impetigo
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What is a scale?
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flakes of skin, slivery or white
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Example of a scale?
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psoriasis, eczema, seborrhea dermatitis
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What is a fissure?
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linear crack with abrupt edges
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Example of a fissure?
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athletes foot, cracks in corners of the mouth
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What is an erosion?
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shallow depression, usually no scar
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Example of an erosion?
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superficial abrasion
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What is an ulcer?
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deep depression, leaves scar usually
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Example of an ulcer?
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decubitus ulcer
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What is an excoriation?
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self inflicted abrasion, superficial crusting secondary scratching
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Example of an excoriation?
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scabies
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What is a scar?
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healed lesion, replaced with collagen/connective tissue
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What is an atrophic scar?
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skin leve depressed with loss of tissue, thinning
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Example of an atrophic scar?
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striae (stretch marks)
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What is lichenification?
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prolonged intesnse scratching eventually thickens the skin
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What is a keloid?
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elevated scar, feel rubbery
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What are vascular lesions?
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caused by a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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What is spider angioma?
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a fiery red, star-shaped with a solid circular center; capillary radiations extend from the central arterial body
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what is a purpura?
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red to purple patch, flat, macular hemorrhage, greater than 3 cm
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What is a petechiae?
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tiny, pinpoint, hemorrhage less than 2 mm, "little flat blood spots ranging in color - red, purple, or brown
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What is ecchymosis?
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bruise, flat macular lesion of various colors depending on stage of bruise
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What is hemangioma?
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reddish/blue, solid, spongy collection of benign blood vessels
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What is pallor?
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pale, white; caused by decreased in blood
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What is erythema?
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redness; hyperemia (increased blood flow)
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What is cyanosis?
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bluish, mottled color; caused by increased amount on unoxygenated hemoglobin
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What is jaundice?
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yellow color caused by increased serum bilirubing
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What should you ask in the subjective data?
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past history of skin disease, change in pigmentation, change in mole, change in skin texture, pruritus (itching), excessive bruising, rash/lesions, medications, hair loss, change in nail appearance, exposures to environmental or hazards, self-care behaviors
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What are the objective data?
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note lesions, temperature, moisture/dryness, texture, edema, skin turgor, vascualr lesions, inspect and palpate hair, inspect and palpate nails
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What is impetigo?
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moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base. Rupture to form thick, honey-colored crust
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What is eczema?
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Erythematous papules and vesicles with weeping, oozing and crusts
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What is diaper dermatitis/contact dermatitis?
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red moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders; extends along inguinal and gluteal folds; caused by skin irritation from ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers
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What is candidiasis?
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scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales; aggravated by urine, feces, heat, and moisture
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What is varicella (chicken pox)?
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small tight vesicles first appear on trunk, then spread to face, arms, and legs; intense pruritic
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What is tinea corporis?
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ringworm of the body; scales, hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark-skinned persons; multiple circular lesions with clear centers
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What is tinea pedis?
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ringworm of the feet; athlete's foot; fungal infection; found in chronically warm feet
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What is tinea capitis?
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scalp ringworm; fluoresce blue-green under wood's light; transmitted hby domestic animals or from soil
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What is allergic drug reaction?
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erythematous and symmetric rash
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What is psoriasis?
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scaly, erythematous patch with slivery scales on top
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What is herpes zoster/shingles?
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unilateral, does not cross midline; grouped vesicles emerge along rout of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then crusts
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What is tinea versicolor?
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fungal infection; usually distributed on the neck, trunk, and upper arms - short-sleeved turtleneck sweater area
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What is melanoma?
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lesions arise from preexisting nevi; irregular or noteched borders; scaling, flaking, oozing texture
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What is kaposi's sarcoma?
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vascular tumor common in HIV infected person
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What is seborrheic dermatitis?
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thick, yellow to white, greasy, adherent scales with mild erythema on scalp and forehead; resembles eczema; greasy yellow pink lesions; negative family history of allergy
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What is alopecia areata?
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sudden appearance of a sharp, round or oval balding patch, usually smooth, soft, hairless skin
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What is pediculosis capitis?
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head lice; nits (egg) of lice; intense itching
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What is folliculitis?
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superficial infection of hair follicles; usually on arms, legs, face and buttocks
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What is nail clubbing?
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nail bed greater than 180 degrees; nail is rounder
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What is hirsutism?
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excess body hair in femailes forming amale sexual pattern; caused by endocrine/metabolic dysfunction
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