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13 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Explain some of the expected developmental/and physical milestones for an infant.
Birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1y/a
50% increase in height by 1y/a: Height increase an average of 1 inch during each of the fist 6 months and about 1/2 inch each month until 12 months.
Begins to understand meanings of sounds and words
Able to feed self by 1 y/a
Brain size 2/3 of its adult size by 1 y/a Rolls over completely
Sits up independently
Stands and cruise along walls
Takes first step between 8-15 months
Able to say 1 to 2 words
Uses pincer grasp well
Primitive reflexes gone by 1 year of age
What is the normal language progression for an infant?
Infants proceed from crying, cooing and laughing to imitatin sounds, comprhending the meaning of simple commands and repeating words with knowledge of their meaning. And by 1 yer. can recongnize their names, but also say three to five words and understand almost 100 words.
What is the typical growth and development of a toddler: 1-3 years and explain the milestones of a toddler.
Typically independent and negative
Proud of new accomplishments
Rate of growth and food intake slows
Birth weight quadruples by 2 y/a
½ of adult size by 2 y/a; speaks in 2 word sentences; 20 deciduous teeth present by 2 1/2 years; heart rate 90-110; pouchy abdomen causing lordosis; baby fat is starting to disappear; chest circumference finally passess head circumference at 2 years and wide based gait;Walks up and down stairs
Undresses self
Scribbles on paper
Kicks a ball
Has a vocabulary of 1000 words
Uses short sentences
Parallel play evident
What are the physical development markers for a preschooler: 3-5 or 6, initiative vs. guilt?
vocabulary increase; tonsils appear enlarged; pulse rate decreases to about 85 bts per minutes; might be knock-kneed; growth 2.-3.5 inches per year; no new teeth; body becomes more child like, rather than baby; increased coordination to ride a bike, etc....Uses scissors
Rides bicycle with training wheels
Throws a ball
Holds a bat
Writes a few letters
All parts of speech are well developed
What are the developmental markers for a school-age child: 6-12?
Very industrious
Finds activities they like and excel in
Contributes to sense of achievement, self esteem
Peers becoming more important
Cognitive growth & development proceeds at rapid rate: THEY ARE THINKIN IN A LOGICAL PATTERN. INDUSTRY VS…Possesses reading ability
Rides a two-wheeled bike
Jumps rope
Plays organized sports
Mature use of language
Secondary sex characteristics begin
Gender differences manifest in play
Growth spurts
When assessing developmental markers in a child, what is the type of approach used and what are the 3 components?
A global-holistic approach that assesses cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development.
what does play do for a child?
Play helps build a child developmentally in all areas: cognitive, physical, and psychosocially. It is the work of childhood.
How do infants, toddlers, preschool, school age PLAY?
Infants use solitary play with a lot of sensorimotor; toddlers use parallel play-playing along side of another-do a lot of imitating and manipulating objects; Preschool: more interaction with others, loves imaginary friends and still likes to imitate; School-age: more cooperative play with games and rules.
Name which foods can be introduced at which months during infancy?
cereal: 5-6 months; veggies at 7mos; fruits at 8months; meat at 9 months and egg yolk at 10 months.
Which foods are most likely to cause food allergies in an infant?
Tomatoes, oranges, cow milk, fish and egg whites, wheat, and be careful about honey which can cause botulism.
What are the nutritional concepts to remember for toddlers vs. preschoolers?
Toddlers: Metabolic rate slows, so appetite decreases
Prefers small portion sizes
Physiologic anorexia
Begin to learn to eat with others
Interventions:
Guidance for parents (ie: healthy meals, snacks, fruit juices, milk)
Allow for self-feeding with utensils, fingers
Allow toddlers to eat with parents while hospitalized

Preschoolers: Growth is slow and steady
Food jags
Meals are social event
Assist with food prep or table setting
Interventions:
Guidance for parents include
Safety in the kitchen
Teeth brushing
Dentist
Contrast seizures vs. tantrums
Tantrum or Breath holdingProvoked and will hold breath, turn blue and slump to floor; Seizures: not provoked and child will slump to floor first and then turn blue.
What is a malocculsion?
misalignment of teeth.