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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain some of the expected developmental/and physical milestones for an infant.
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Birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1y/a
50% increase in height by 1y/a: Height increase an average of 1 inch during each of the fist 6 months and about 1/2 inch each month until 12 months. Begins to understand meanings of sounds and words Able to feed self by 1 y/a Brain size 2/3 of its adult size by 1 y/a Rolls over completely Sits up independently Stands and cruise along walls Takes first step between 8-15 months Able to say 1 to 2 words Uses pincer grasp well Primitive reflexes gone by 1 year of age |
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What is the normal language progression for an infant?
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Infants proceed from crying, cooing and laughing to imitatin sounds, comprhending the meaning of simple commands and repeating words with knowledge of their meaning. And by 1 yer. can recongnize their names, but also say three to five words and understand almost 100 words.
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What is the typical growth and development of a toddler: 1-3 years and explain the milestones of a toddler.
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Typically independent and negative
Proud of new accomplishments Rate of growth and food intake slows Birth weight quadruples by 2 y/a ½ of adult size by 2 y/a; speaks in 2 word sentences; 20 deciduous teeth present by 2 1/2 years; heart rate 90-110; pouchy abdomen causing lordosis; baby fat is starting to disappear; chest circumference finally passess head circumference at 2 years and wide based gait;Walks up and down stairs Undresses self Scribbles on paper Kicks a ball Has a vocabulary of 1000 words Uses short sentences Parallel play evident |
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What are the physical development markers for a preschooler: 3-5 or 6, initiative vs. guilt?
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vocabulary increase; tonsils appear enlarged; pulse rate decreases to about 85 bts per minutes; might be knock-kneed; growth 2.-3.5 inches per year; no new teeth; body becomes more child like, rather than baby; increased coordination to ride a bike, etc....Uses scissors
Rides bicycle with training wheels Throws a ball Holds a bat Writes a few letters All parts of speech are well developed |
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What are the developmental markers for a school-age child: 6-12?
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Very industrious
Finds activities they like and excel in Contributes to sense of achievement, self esteem Peers becoming more important Cognitive growth & development proceeds at rapid rate: THEY ARE THINKIN IN A LOGICAL PATTERN. INDUSTRY VS…Possesses reading ability Rides a two-wheeled bike Jumps rope Plays organized sports Mature use of language Secondary sex characteristics begin Gender differences manifest in play Growth spurts |
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When assessing developmental markers in a child, what is the type of approach used and what are the 3 components?
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A global-holistic approach that assesses cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development.
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what does play do for a child?
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Play helps build a child developmentally in all areas: cognitive, physical, and psychosocially. It is the work of childhood.
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How do infants, toddlers, preschool, school age PLAY?
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Infants use solitary play with a lot of sensorimotor; toddlers use parallel play-playing along side of another-do a lot of imitating and manipulating objects; Preschool: more interaction with others, loves imaginary friends and still likes to imitate; School-age: more cooperative play with games and rules.
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Name which foods can be introduced at which months during infancy?
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cereal: 5-6 months; veggies at 7mos; fruits at 8months; meat at 9 months and egg yolk at 10 months.
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Which foods are most likely to cause food allergies in an infant?
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Tomatoes, oranges, cow milk, fish and egg whites, wheat, and be careful about honey which can cause botulism.
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What are the nutritional concepts to remember for toddlers vs. preschoolers?
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Toddlers: Metabolic rate slows, so appetite decreases
Prefers small portion sizes Physiologic anorexia Begin to learn to eat with others Interventions: Guidance for parents (ie: healthy meals, snacks, fruit juices, milk) Allow for self-feeding with utensils, fingers Allow toddlers to eat with parents while hospitalized Preschoolers: Growth is slow and steady Food jags Meals are social event Assist with food prep or table setting Interventions: Guidance for parents include Safety in the kitchen Teeth brushing Dentist |
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Contrast seizures vs. tantrums
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Tantrum or Breath holdingProvoked and will hold breath, turn blue and slump to floor; Seizures: not provoked and child will slump to floor first and then turn blue.
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What is a malocculsion?
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misalignment of teeth.
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