Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Atrovastatin (Lipitor)
Other Statins Zocor, Mevacor, Prevachol, Crestor) |
THERAPEUTIC CLASS: Antihyperlipidemic, a Statin drug
PHARM CLASS: HMG-CoA Redcutase Inhibitor, Statin MECH OF ACTION: Inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase which is responsible for the production of cholesterol in the liver. Liver shuts down the prodcution of biosynthesis of cholesterol and the liver responds by making more LDL receptors on surface of liver cells SIDE AFFECTS: Minor: Headache, fatigue, joint pain Major: Myopathy, Rhadomyolysis (rapid breakdown of muscle cells) |
CONTRAIDINCATIONS/INTERACTIONS: Antifungals, and some immunosuppressants avoid b/c increase risk for rhadomyolsis
Do NOT take with OTC Niacin b/c of risk of increase rhabdomyolysis DOSE/ADMINISTRATION: PT SHOULD take med at same time each day FOLLOW UP: Liver Function tests performed before therapy starts and 6-12 weeks after each dose increase. SPECIAL NOTES: ADJUNCT TO DIET, not substitute for low cholesterol diet BEST TO TAKE AT NIGHT cholesterol biosynthesis higher at night |
|
|
Cholestyramine (QUESTRAN)
Colestid, Welchol |
THERAPEUTIC CLASS: Antihyperlipidemic
PHARM CLASS: Bile Acid Resin MECH OF ACTION: Bile acid resins bind with bile acid is containing cholesterol and excrete it in the stool. It is not absorbed or metabolized once it enters the intestine therefore no systemic effect. SIDE EFFECTS: Mostly GI Headaches, dizziness, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, |
CONTRAINICATIONS/INTERACTIONS: Tetracycline's, do not take at the same time as Digoxin, penicillin, thyroid hormones, thiazide diruetics. May increase the effects of anticoagulants
DO NOT TAKE: if history of bile obstruction, DOSE/ADMINISTRATION: powder forms must be mixed with water or fruit juice and drank immediately. TAKE BEFORE MEALS with plenty of fluids Give other drugs more than 2 hrs before or 4 hrs after ADJUNCT TO reduce serum cholesterol SPECIAL NOTES: Monitor for deficiencies from fat soluble vitamins (A & D), Long term use increases bleeding tendencies. Important drug to look for potential interactions. |
|
|
NICOTINIC ACID (NIACIN)
|
DRUG CLASS: Vitamin B
MECH OF ACTION: decreases VDL and therefore LDL levels, reduces overall triglyceride levels and increases HDL SIDE EFFECTS: Flushing and hot flashes, GI discomfort(nausea,vomitting,etc) |
CONTRAINIDICATIONS: Diabetes Mellitius
DOSE/ADMINISTRATION : Oral, 2-3 g/day for Hyperlipidemia 10-25 mg/day for Niacin deficiency OTHER NOTES: Often used in combination therapy with other statins or bile-acid binding agents NOT the preferred lipid lowering drug because of side effects, INCREASES RISK OF rhambdolmysis Take one asprin 30 min prior to taking Niacin to mitigate the side effects |
|
|
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
|
Therapeutic Class: Drug for hypertension and angina
Pharmacologic Class: Calcium Channel Blocker Mechanism of Action: Selectively blocks calcium channels in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle Result: less oxygen utilization by the heart, increased Cardiac Output, decrease in blood pressure DO NOT administer immediate-release formulas if MI is suspected or for 2 weeks after a confirmed MI Tablets should be administered whole DO NOT crush, divide, or have the patient chew the tablet Side Effects:headache, dizziness, peripheral edema, flushing, reflex tachycardia Contraindications: prior hypersensitivity to the drug |
|
|
|
Enalapril (Vasotec)
|
Therapeutic Class: Drug for Hypertension and heart failure
Pharmacologic Class: ACE(angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitor Mechanism of Action: Reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone levels to produce a significant reduction of blood pressure Administration Alert: May produce a first-dose phenomenon (profound hypotension which could lead to syncope) Adverse Effects: may cause hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypotension, headache, dizziness Contraindications: prior hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation |
|
|
|
Doxazosin (Cardura)
|
Therapeutic Class: Drug for hypertension and BPH
Pharmacologic Class: Alpha-1-adrenergic blocker Mechanism of action: lower blood pressure directly by blocking sympathetic receptors in arterioles, causing it to dilate Administration alerts: monitor for profound hypotension and possible syncope Can have first-dose phenomenon Swallow whole Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache Contraindications: prior hypersensitivity to alpha-blackers |
|
|
|
(gemfibrozil) LOPID
|
THERAPEUTIC CLASS: Antihyperlipidemic
PHARM CLASS: Fibric Acid Agent MECH OF ACTION: decreases liver production of trigylcerides, reduces VLDL synthesis and inhibits the breakdown of fat SIDE EFFECTS: CNS- chills, fatigue, increase likelihood of gallstones, can affect liver fx, vasculitis, blurred vision, abdominal pain, anemia, decrease WBC |
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Liver impairment, Renal impairment, pre-existing gallbladder disease
DOSE/ADMINISTRATION: Oral, 600-1200 mg/day SPECIAL NOTES: Should NOT be used with Statins b/c of risk of rhabdomolysis Lab Tests for Liver and Renal Functioning Monitor serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels |
|
|
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
|
Therapeutic class: Antihyperlipidemic
Pharmacological class: Fibric acid agent Mech. of Action: up to 50% reduction in VLDL with an increase in HDL. Less effective than statins at lowering LDL, not first choice. Taken Orally. Adverse Effects: increase likelihood of gallstones, may affect liver function, GI, blurred vision (cataracts), CNS-chills. Nursing Consideration: monitor serum trigylceride & cholesterol, CBC & liver tests Contraindications: Patients with hepatic impairment, severe renal dysfunction, or those with prior hypersensitivity to the drug Interactions: Fatty foods may decrease efficacy of Gemfibrozil, may increase Liver enzyme values and CPK & serum glucose levels. |
|
|
|
Hydrochlorothiazide ( Microzide)
***can be written as HCTZ ***** |
Therapeutic Class:
hypertension and edema Pharmacologic Class: Thiazide diuretic Mech. of Action: most widely used. produces 10 to 20 mmHg reduction in BP. Approved to treat HTN, HF, edema & nephrotic syndrome. Acts on kidney tubule decreases reabsorption of NA+ and is sent into the urine along with H2O (decr.Blood volume, decr. BP). *amount of urine produced directly proportional to amount of NA+ reabsorption blocked by diuretic. Admin. Alert: Give early in day to prevent nocturia Adverse Effects: potential electrolyte imbalances due to loss of K+, Na+. Hypokalemia may cause cardiac conduction abnormalities need to increase K+intake. May precipitate gout attacks due to hyperuricemia.hyperglycemia, dehydration. Contraindications: Anuria, prior HTN sensitivity to thiazides. Interactions: may increase serum glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, triglyceride, ca+. increases risk of renal toxicity from NSAIDs. Hypokalemia may increase digoxin toxicity. |
|
|
|
Atenol (Tenormin) p 347
|
THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
Antianginal Drug PHARMACOLOGIC CLASS: Beta-adrenergic blocker MECHANISM OF ACTION: Selectively blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors in the heart and thus it slows HR and reduces contractility-->lowering mycardial O2 demand ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG: P.O. (By mouth) If administered by IV then the ECG must be continuously monitored and BP should be assessed before, during and after Hold drug if pulse is below 60 BPM and if PT is hypertensive ADVERSE REACTIONS: Fatigue, insomnia, drowsiness, impotence or decreased libido, bradycardia and confusion CONTRAINDICATIONS: Concurrent use with Ca channel blockers MAY result in excessive cardiac supression Use with Digoxin may slow AV conduction...leading to HF/MI Anticholinergic may cause decreased absorption from the GI tract Lab tests should be done b/c Atenolol may increase values of the following tests: uric acids, lipds, potassium (K), creatinine, and antinuclear antibody No known food interactions |
|
|
|
Hydralazine (Apresoline) p. 319
|
THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
Drug for hypertension and heart failure PHARMACOLOGIC CLASS: Direct-acting vasodialator MECHANISM OF ACTION: One of the FIRST oral antihypertensive drugs in US. Acts through a direct vasodialation of arterial smooth muscle and has no effect on veins. Therapy starts with low doeses and increased gradually until desired outcome obtained. Effectivly reduces BP but other antihypertensive classes have largely replaced due to safety concerns. ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG: PO and IV for (Nitroprusside/Nitropress) ADVERSE REACTIONS: Orthostatic hypotension (a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure suddenly falls when the person stands up), fluid retention, headache, palpitations *****Lupuslike reaction (hydralazine only)*****PT with Lupus should NOT get this drug, sever hypotension, MI, dysrhythmias, shock Abrupt withdrawal of the drug may cause rebound hypertension and anxiety Sodium and fluid retention is potentially serious adverse effect. B/c of these effects *****hydralazine is limited to mostly PTs whose HTN (hypertension) cannont be controlled with other SAFER meds***** CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in PT with angina, rheumatic HD, MI, or tachycardia. *****PT with lupus should NOT receive hydralazine as drug can worsen symptoms***** |
|
|
|
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
|
Therapeutic Class:
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors Mech. of Action: blocks cholesterol from being absorbed in small intestine, 50% less cholesterol enters bloods, take with statins Adverse Effects: body will respond by synthesizing more cholesterol, CNS, GI, cough, back pain Contraindications: don't take with sequestrants b/c it inhibits absorption. |
|
