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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the complications of immobility? (3)
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Pressure ulcers, pneumonia, and infection of surgery wound
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What prevention is used to not have complications with immobility?
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- Keep the person's skin clean and dry, and monitor for signs of skin breakdown
- Be careful not to disturb or remove the weights attached to the traction unit |
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The moving of a body part AWAY from the mid-line of your body
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Abduction
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The moving of a body part TOWARD the mid-line of your body
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Adduction
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The loss of muscle size and strength
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Atrophy
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A condition that occurs when a joint is held in the same position for too long a time; the tendons shorten and become stiff, possibly causing permanent loss of motion in the joint
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Contracture
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Most of these are surgically reduced and stabilized with the use of plates, screws, or pins
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Hip Surgeries
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If the person is too frail for regular hip surgery or has numerous medical problems, traction may be used (the ends of the bones are placed in proper alignment and weight is applied to exert a constant pull to keep the bone in alignment)
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Hip Prosthesis
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Surgical exposure of the bone to line up the broken ends of the bone; the use of metal plates, screws, rods, pins, or wires to hold the broken ends of the bone in place until the bone is healed
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Open Reduction Internal Fixation
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How do you care for a resident with a hip fracture?
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The person may have specific orders regarding mobility status; know what these are and follow them; limitations for positioning, mobility, and weight-bearing
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Sharp, sudden pain, such as that which occurs with an injury
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Acute Pain
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Pain that lasts beyond the usual time that it would take for the tissues to heal
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Chronic Pain
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Pain that travels from one area to another
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Radiating Pain
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What measure would you take to promote comfort and rest while sleeping? (6)
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- Keep noise to a minimum, especially around shift change and remind others around you
- Keep your voice low - Try to avoid turning on bright overhead lights; use night light - Straighten bed linens; fluff pillow; put clutter away - Turn off radio or TV - Be observant if the person looks worried |
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How could you encourage sleep during the day or before bedtime? (6)
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- Encourage physical activity
- Limit naps - Avoid caffeine - Promote relaxation with warm bath/massage - Offer bedtime snack - Assist with basic hygiene and elimination before bed |
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The process of taking in and using food
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Nutrition
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What nutrients help wounds to heal?
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Protein such as milk, cheese, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, and dried peas and beans
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How do you feed a resident and assist with meals?
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Serve meals as soon as they are delivered; check the name and diet on the meal tray; ask if the person would like a clothing protector; remove cover from tray and tell person what foods are on the tray; assist with opening milk cartons, removing silverware, buttering bread, cutting meat, seasoning or condiments; poor eyesight/describe meal as a clock face; talk to person while feeding
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What are good practices to follow for feeding/swallowing? (5)
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Always use a spoon, not a fork; fill spoon 1/3 full; offer bites slowly; ask what they would like to eat on their plate; offer liquids frequently between bites
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It takes more time to move food from the mouth to the stomach; abnormal nerve or muscle control, perhaps due to a stroke
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Dysphagia
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How do you care for a resident with dysphagia?
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Offer foods very slowly; take your time; be patient
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This diet is easily poured liquid that you can see through
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Clear-Liquid Diet
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This diet is liquid, along with food that can be poured at room temperature such as milk, ice cream, and frozen yogurt
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Full-Liquid Diet
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What is meant by thickened liquids?
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An additive is needed to thick liquid
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This type of liquid can be poured very easily; the stream is ribbon-like in appearance
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Nectar
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This liquid is not easily poured; the stream looks like a solid column, or it drizzles
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Honey
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This liquid consistency "plops" from a cup; it is eaten with a spoon
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Pudding
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How many mL = 1 ounce?
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30
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This results when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells are unable to properly use the insulin that is produced or both
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Diabetes
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What are the symptoms of diabetes?
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Fatigue, weakness, excessive thirst, excessive urination, blurry vision, and an increased number of infection
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How do you care for a diabetic resident? (5)
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Make sure to have a well-balanced diet; limit sweets and fat; meals and snacks should be eaten at regular times throughout the day; pay attention to how much the person eats and what he eats; encourage participation in exercise
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Low blood glucose levels
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Hypoglycemia
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What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
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Cool, clammy skin; sweating; feeling "shaky," confusion or difficulty concentrating; rapid heart rate and rapid breathing, headache, blurry or "double" vision, restlessness and irritability; trembling; a tingling sensation in the mouth or ton; hunger; loss of consciousness (insulin shock)
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High blood glucose levels
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Hyperglycemia
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What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?
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Excessive urination; excessive thirst; extreme hunger; unplanned weight loss; fatigue; blurry or "double" vision; headache; irritability; dry, flushed skin; sweet-smelling breath; dehydration; seizures; loss of consciousness (diabetic coma)
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This tube is inserted into the stomach (gastro-) through a surgical incision (stoma)
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Gastrostomy Tube
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This tube is inserted into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) through a surgical incision
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Jejunostomy Tube
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This tube is a special type of gastrostomy tube that is inserted into the stomach with the aid of an endoscope
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube
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What is meant by a continuous tube feeding?
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Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) or Hyperalimentation
- "Parenternal" means by way other than through the digestive tract - "Hyper" means above the ailmentary or digestive tract |
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The inability to hold one's urine, or the involuntary loss of urine from the bladder
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Urinary Incontinence
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What causes urinary incontinence?
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Decreased muscle tone in the bladder or the muscles that support the bladder; injuries or illnesses that affect the spinal cord, brain, or nerves that control bladder function; dementia
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How does the nurse aide care for someone with incontinence? (4)
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Incontinence pads; briefs; bed protectors; condom catheter
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How do you care for a resident with an indwelling catheter?
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Secure the catheter tubing to the person near the insertion site; coil the tubing; be careful of tubing when repositioning; make sure person is not lying on tubing; place draining bag lower than the person's bladder; attach bag to bed frame
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What is normal elimination?
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Feces is soft, brown, moist, and formed with a distinct odor; frequency differs from person to person
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What foods would stimulate bowel elimination?
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Fiber-rich and water
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This occurs when constipation is not relieved; the feces become hard as more fluid is absorbed; eventually, it becomes almost impossible to pass normally
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Fecal Impaction
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This is created if part of the large intestine is still present; an artificial opening, called a stoma, is made in the abdominal wall and the remaining portion of the intestine is connected to it; feces pass through the stoma and into a pouch
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Colostomy
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How do you care for resident with a colostomy?
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Keep skin around appliance clean, appliance can be changed with the person sitting, standing or in bed; wipe stoma with toilet paper to remove feces or drainage; cover stoma with gauze pad until new appliance is in place; place the deodorant in the ostomy appliance if deodorant is used
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