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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
Prednisolone (cotolone, delta-cortef) Prednisone (deltasone, orasone) |
Corticosteroids (PO)
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beclomethasone (beclovent, vancenase)
budesonide (Rhinocort) , flunisolide (Nasalide) fluticasone (Flonase) , mometasone (Nasonex) triamcinolone (Nasacort) |
Corticosteroids (Inhaled)
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Hydrocortisone ,Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Bethamethasone (Celostone) Prednisolone (Key-Pred SP, Predate S, Predicort-RP) |
Corticosteroids (Injections)
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What are the effects of corticosteroids?
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Reduction of inflammation and mucous secretion & suppression of release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
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What are the side effects of corticosteroids?
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Inhibition of bone growth, decreased viscosity of gastric mucous, increased ability to respond to stress, being more prone to mood swings.
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What are the effects/purpose of mast cell stabilizers?
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Prevents mast cell breakdown and subsequent release of histamine and other bronchoconstrictive substances when mast cells are confronted with allergens and other stimuli. Used primarily for asthma and allergic rhinitis in children.
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What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers?
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Cough, bronchospasm, arrhythmias, hypertension, chest pain, restlessness, dizziness, seizure, CNS depression, anorexia, N/V, sedation, coma (all seen only rarely)
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What are the effects of LTRAs?
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Inhibition of leukotriene activity which inhibits airway edema and bronchoconstriction and decreases inflammatory process.
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What are the side effects of LTRAs?
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Headache, dizziness, rash, altered liver function tests, abdominal pain, Rare: Churg-Strauss syndrome: flu-like symptoms
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zileuton (Zyflo)
montelukast (Singulair) zarfirlukast (Accolate) |
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)
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Nursing actions for LTRAs
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Monitor liver function tests & discontinue if elevated.
Administer on empty stomach. Notify dr. if symptoms of Churg-Strauss occur. |
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What are the effects of anticholinergics?
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Reduction rhinorrrhea in the common cold and non allergic rhinitis.
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What are the side effects of anticholinergics?
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Dry mouth and nose.
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Nursing actions for anticholinergics.
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Teach correct use.
Reinforce that spray prevents symptoms with onset of action within 1 hr of use. May reduce the need for other rhinitis meds. |
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Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Spiriva (tiotropium) |
Anticholinergics
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What are the effects of antihistamines?
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Used to treat allergic rhinitis and prevent hypersensitivity & relieve acute symptoms of allergic response (itching, sneezing, excessive secretions, mild congestion)
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What are the side effects of antihistamines?
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CNS depression, sedation/drowsiness
Paradoxical restlessness and hyperactivity Seizure, Dry nose, mouth, throat, Blurred vision Urinary retention, constipation |
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clemastine (Tavist)
diphenhydramine HCL (benadryl) Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) |
Antihistamines (Sedative)
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What are the pros/cons of Non-sedative Antihistamines?
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Don’t cross blood-brain barrier as readily, less anticholinergic effect, very expensive compared to sedating forms, not really more effective.
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Zyrtec (cetirizine)
Allegra (fexofenadine) Claritin (loratadine) |
Antihistamines (Non-sedative)
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What are the side effects of decongestants?
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Cardiac arrhythmias, tremor, nervousness, nausea, headache
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What are the contraindications of decongestant use?
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Glaucoma, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, use of decongestants for more than 3 days.
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Ephedrine sulfate
Oxymethazoline HCL (Afrin) Phenylephrine HCL (Neo-Synephrine) Pseudoephedrine HCL (Sudafed) |
Decongestants
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What are the effects of xanthines & methyxanthines?
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Bronchodilation, improved diaphragm contraction, also has mild diuretic effect, peripheral vasodilatation, increased cardiac output.
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What are the side effects of xanthines & methylxanthines?
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Tachycardia, arrhythmias, N/V, seizure, tremor, palpitations, restlessness, agitation, insomnia.
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Cautions with use of xanthines & methylxanthines:
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Don’t use with biaxin (macrolide), fluorquinolones, or tagamet (H2 receptor antagonist): can have theophylline toxicity. Drug levels must stay between 5-15 mg/ml. Rifampin and Phenobarbital also increases drug effects.
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Theophylline (Theo-Dur, Slo-bid, Theobid)
Aminophylline (dyphylline, Traphylline) |
Xanthine / Methylxanthines
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What is the effect of antitussives?
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Cough suppression.
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What are the side effects of antitussives?
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Excessive cough suppression
Non-narcotic: Drowsiness, dizziness Narcotic: N/V, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, pruritis, drug dependence, respiratory depression. |
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Codeine Phosphate or Sulfate
Hydrocodone Bitartrate |
Narcotic Antitussives
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Benzonatate (Tessalon)
Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM) |
Non-Narcotic Antitussives
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What is the effect of expectorants?
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Liquefies respiratory secretions so they are easier to expectorate. Be sure to give plenty of fluids with expectorants.
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Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
Iodinated glycerol (Organidin) Potassium Iodide, Saturated Solution (SSKI) |
Expectorants
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What is the effect of mucolytics?
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Liquefy mucous in the respiratory tract, given only by inhalation.
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Acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
Sodium chloride solution |
Mucolytic
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Rimantadine (Flumadine)
Tamiflu (oseltamivir) Symmeterel (amatadine) Zanamivir (Relenza) |
Flu Medications. Zanamivir is the only one that is inhaled.
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Ribavirin (Virazole)
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RSV Medication. Given by inhalation. Can cause deterioration of pulmonary function.
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Pneumovax
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Streptococcus pneumonias vaccine. Covers only strep pneumo that accounts for 2/3 of all fatal community acquired pneumonia. Must be repeated every 5-10 years.
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Influenza Vaccine
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65-70% effective
Small localized reaction Best if done in October of each year |
