Nura 107 - Children & Communicable Diseases

Front 1

Rubella (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 1

Paramyxovirus. 10-20 days. 4 days before - 5 days after appearance of rash. Respiratory tract secretions or blood/urine. Airborne particles or direct droplet contact.

Front 2

Rubella (Assessment Signs)

Back 2

Fever, malaise, 3 Cs (Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis).
Rash is red, erythematous maculopapular eruption and blanches easily with pressure.
Koplik's spots - red spots with bluish white center & red base.

Front 3

Rubella (Interventions)

Back 3

Airborne droplet precautions.
Restrict child to quiet activities & bedrest.
Cool mist vaporizer for cough & coryza.
Dim lights if photophobia is present.
Administer antipyretics for fever.

Front 4

Roseola (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period)

Back 4

Human herpesvirus type 6. 5-15 days. Thought to extend from febrile stage to when rash first appears.

Front 5

Roseola (Assessment Signs)

Back 5

Sudden high fever (>102F) 3-5 days in duration in an otherwise well child followed by a rash of rose pink macules that blanch with pressure.

Front 6

Roseola (Interventions)

Back 6

Supportive for symptoms

Front 7

Rubella (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 7

Rubella virus. 14-21 days. 7 days before to 5 days after rash appears. Nasopharyngeal secretions, blood/stool/urine. Airborne or direct droplet contact, indirectly via contaminated objects, also transplacental.

Front 8

Rubella (Assessment Signs)

Back 8

Low grade fever, malaise, pinkish red maculopapular rash that begins on face and spreads in 1-3 days. Red pinpoint spots may occur on the soft palate.

Front 9

Rubella (Interventions)

Back 9

Use airborne droplet precations.
Provide supportive treatment.
Isolate the child from pregnant women.

Front 10

Mumps (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 10

Paramyxovirus. 14-21 days. Immediately before and after parotid gland swelling begins. Saliva and possibly urine. Direct contact or droplet.

Front 11

Mumps (Assessment Signs)

Back 11

Fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, jaw or ear pain aggravated by chewing, parotid gland swelling, orchitis.

Front 12

Mumps (Interventions)

Back 12

Institute airborne droplet precautions.
Provide bedrest until parotid gland swelling subsides,
Avoid foods that require chewing.
Apply hot or cold compresses as prescribed to the neck.
Apply warmth and local support with snug fitting underwear to relieve orchitis.

Front 13

Chickenpox (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 13

Varicella-zoster virus. 13-17 days. 1-2 days before to 6 days after first crop of vesicles. Respiratory tract secretions, skin lesions. Direct contact, airborne droplet, contaminated objects.

Front 14

Chickenpox (Assessment Signs)

Back 14

Slight fever, malaise, anorexia. Rash is macular and first appears on trunk. Lesions become pustules, then dry and form a crust.

Front 15

Chickenpox (Interventions)

Back 15

Strict isolation in hospital.
At home, isolation until vesicles have dried.
Supportive care.

Front 16

Pertussis (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 16

Bordetella pertussis. 5-12 days. During catarrhal stage (when discharge from respiratory secretions occur). Respiratory tract discharge. Direct contact or droplet, contaminated objects.

Front 17

Pertussis (Assessment Signs)

Back 17

Symptoms of respiratory infection, severe cough followed by a loud whooping inspiration, cyanosis, respiratory distress, tongue protrussion, irritability, anorexia.

Front 18

Pertussis (Interventions)

Back 18

Isolation during catarrhal stage.
Microbial therapy as prescribed.
Reduce environmental factors (smoke, dust, temp.)
Ensure adequate hydration & nutrition.
Provide suction and humidified O2.

Front 19

Diptheria (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 19

Corynebacterium diptheriae. 2-5 days. Variable, usually 2-4 weeks. Discharge from mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharnyx, skin, and other lesions. Direct contact with person or contaminated objects.

Front 20

Diptheria (Assessment Signs)

Back 20

Low grade fever, malaise, sore throat, foul smelling mucopurulent nasal discharge, pseudomembrane formation of the throat (can interfere with eat/drink), neck edema.

Front 21

Diptheria (Interventions)

Back 21

Strict isolation.
Diptheria antitoxin as prescribed.
Provide bedrest.
Antibiotics as prescribed.
Suction and humidified O2 as needed.
Tracheostomy care if necessary.

Front 22

Poliomyelitis (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 22

Enteroviruses. 7-14 days. Unknown. Oropharyngeal secretions and feces. Direct contact, fecal-oral route.

Front 23

Poliomyelitis (Assessment Signs)

Back 23

Fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, headache, sore throat, abdominal pain followed by soreness and stiffness that may progress to CNS paralysis.

Front 24

Poliomyelitis (Interventions)

Back 24

Enteric precautions.
Supportive treatment.
Bedrest.
Monitoring for respiratory paralysis.
Physical therapy.

Front 25

Scarlet Fever (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 25

Group A strep. 1-7 days. Around 10 days during incubation period and clinical illness. Nasopharyngeal secretions. Direct contact or droplet spread, contaminated objects or food/drink.

Front 26

Scarlet Fever (Assessment Signs)

Back 26

Abrupt high fever, flushed cheeks, vomiting, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, malaise, abdominal pain.
Rash is red, fine sandpaper-like, blanches with pressure except in areas of deep creases and folds(Pastia's sign)
Desquamation (sloughing of skin) and white/red strawberry tongue.

Front 27

Scarlet Fever (Interventions)

Back 27

Respiratory precautions until 24 hours after antibiotics.
Supportive therapy.
Bedrest.
Encourage fluid intake.

Front 28

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) (Agent, Incubation Period, Communicable Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 28

Human parvovirus B19. 4-14 days, may be 20 days.
Uncertain, but before onset of symptoms. Possibly respiratory secretions and blood.

Front 29

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) (Assessment Signs)

Back 29

Before rash, asymptomatic or mild fever, malaise, headache, runny nose.

Front 30

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) (Rash Stages)

Back 30

1. Erythema of face (slapped cheek), disappears 1-4 days.
2. Around 1 day after slapped cheek, maculopapular red spots appear on extremities, progresses proximal to distal.
3. Rash subsides, but may reappear if skin is irritated.

Front 31

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) (Interventions)

Back 31

Pregnant women should avoid infected persons.
Provide supportive care.
Administer antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories as needed.

Front 32

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Agent, Incubation Period, Source, Transmission)

Back 32

Rickettsia rickettsii. 2-14 days. Tick bite from infected mammal.

Front 33

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Assessment Signs)

Back 33

Fever, malaise, anorexia, vomiting, headache, myalgia.
Maculopapular or petchial rash primarily on the extremeities.

Front 34

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Interventions)

Back 34

Provide vigorous supportive care.
Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
Teach child and parent about tick bite prevention.

Front 35

Measures to Prevent Tick Bites

Back 35

Wear long sleeves, tuck pants into socks, and hat.
Wear light colored clothing to make ticks more visible.
Check children after being in tick infested areas.
Follow paths rather than walking in tall grass.
Apply insect repellents with DEET & Permethrin.
Keep yards at home trimmer.
Apply tick repellant to dogs.
Save tick for later ID if removed from child.

Front 36

Community Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (Agent, Persons at risk, Modes of Infection.

Back 36

A strain of S. aureus that is resistant to methicillin. Athletes, prisoners, day care attendees, military recruits, persons who abuse IV drugs. Spread through person to person contact or through contaminated objects.

Front 37

Community Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (Prevention Measures)

Back 37

Handwashing and practicing good personal hygiene, avoid sharing personal items, regular cleaning of shared equipment, clean cuts and wounds thoroughly.

Front 38

Community Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (Assessment Signs)

Back 38

Red, swollen area with warmth, drainage of pus, and fever.
More serious signs include chest pain, cough, fatigue, chills, fever, malaise, headache, muscle aches, shortness of breath, rash.

Front 39

Community Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (Interventions)

Back 39

Assess skin lesions.
Prepare to drain an infected skin site and culture.
Prepare to obtain sputum cultures and urine cultures.
Prepare to administer antibiotics as prescribed.
Educate pt and family on causes and prevention.

Front 40

H1N1 Influenza (Agent, Persons at risk, Modes of Infection)

Back 40

A strain of the influenza virus that affects the respiratory system & is highly contagious. Children, pregnant women, persons with preexisting health conditions or immunocompromisation. Caused by contact with infected person or contaminated items.

Front 41

H1N1 Influenza (Prevention Measures)

Back 41

Vaccination of children > 6 mos., vaccination of family members of children < 6 mos. Wash hand frequently, avoid children who are aill, keep child home or away from others if ill until fever free for 24 hours.

Front 42

H1N1 Influenza (Assessment Signs)

Back 42

Fever the occurs suddenly and is high, headache, body aches, fatigue, chills, cough, congestion, sore throat, loss of appetitie, vomiting, diarrhea.

Front 43

H1N1 Influenza (Interventions)

Back 43

Antiviral medications if prescribed.
Fluids, rest, pain relievers (Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen)
Family and child teaching about prevention.