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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents
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Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates |
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types of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
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Anxiolytics- prevent feelings of tension or fear
Sedatives- Calm and make patients unaware of the environment Hypnotics- Cause sleep Minor tranquilizers- produce a state of tranquility in anxious patients, |
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Anxiety
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feeling of tension, nervousness, apprehension, or fear involving unpleasant reactions to a stimulus. Can cause physical reactions.
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Sedation
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Loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli
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Hypnosis
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Extreme sedation resulting in further CNS depression and sleep. no longer sensing or reacting to external stimuli.
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Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents
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Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates |
|
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types of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
|
Anxiolytics- prevent feelings of tension or fear
Sedatives- Calm and make patients unaware of the environment Hypnotics- Cause sleep Minor tranquilizers- produce a state of tranquility in anxious patients, |
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Anxiety
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feeling of tension, nervousness, apprehension, or fear involving unpleasant reactions to a stimulus. Can cause physical reactions.
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Sedation
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Loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli
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Hypnosis
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Extreme sedation resulting in further CNS depression and sleep. no longer sensing or reacting to external stimuli.
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Benzodiazepines (Benzos)
Actions |
ACTION
-act in limbic and the RAS -make GABA more effective, -cause interference w/ neurons firing, LOWER DOSES cause anxiolytic effects, HIGH DOSES cause sedation and hypnosis. |
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Benzodiazepines
Indications |
INDICATIONS
-Anxiety and panic disorders -alcohol withdrawal -hyperexcitability and agitation -preoperative relief of anxiety and tension. |
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Benzodiazepines
Pharmaacokinetics |
PHARMACOKINETICS
-absorbed from GI tract -peak levels acheived in 30 min-2hrs -lipid soluble and well dstributed throughout the body -cross placenta and enters breast milk -metabolized in liver, excreted in urine. |
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Benzodiazepines
Contraindications/Precautions |
CONTRAINDICATIONS/CAUTIONS
allergy psychosis acute narrow angle glaucoma shock coma acute alcohol intoxication pregnancy (DON'T USE in any situation where they're already sedated or have CNS effects) |
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Benzodiazepines
Adv effects |
ADV EFFECTS
sedation, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, blurred vision, confusion, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, urinary retention (Cholinergic effects) |
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Benzodiazepines
Drug drug Rxns |
DRUG DRUG RXNS
-Incr CNS depression when taken w/ ALCOHOL -incr in effect when taen with CIMETIDINE, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, or DISULFIRAM -Decr effect with THEOPHYLINE (bronchodilator) or RANITIDINE (used for reflux) safety precautions due to sedation |
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Benzodiazepines (drugs)
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Xanax
Valium Ativan Restoril |
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Antidote to benzodiazepines
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Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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Barbiturates
Actions |
ACTIONS
-CNS depressant -Inhibit neuronal impulse conduction in the ascending RAS -Depress cerebral cortex -Depress motor output (effects coordination) -Cause sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia, and coma |
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Barbiturates
Indications |
INDICATIONS
-relief of the signs and symptoms of anxiety -sedation -insomnia -preanesthesia -seizures |
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Barbiturates
Pharmacokinetics |
PHARMACOKINETICS
-well absorbed -peak level 20-60 minutes -metabolized in liver -excreted in urine |
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Barbiturates
Contraindications/cautions |
CONTRAINDICATIONS
-Allergy -history of addiction to sedative-hypnotic drugs -latent or manifest porphyria -hepatic impairment or nephritis (metabolized in liver) -respiratory distress or sever respiratory dysfunction -pregnancy Caution in children - unexpected responses |
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Barbiturates
Adv Rxns |
ADV RXNS
-CNS depression -Physical dependency -Drowsiness -Somnolence -Lethargy -Ataxia -Vertigo -Nausea -Vomiting -Constipation |
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Barbiturates
Drug Drug Rxn |
DRUG DRUG RXNS
-Incr CNS depression when givven with ALCOHOL, ANTIHISTAMINES, and other TRANQUILIZERS -Alters response to PHENYTOIN -MAOs incr serum levels and effect -Decr effectiveness of the following drugs: ANTICOAGULANTS, DIGOXIN, TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CORTICOSTERIODS, and ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES |
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Barbiturates
DRUGS |
DRUGS
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Secobarbital (Seconal) |
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Other Aniolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
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zolpidem (Ambien) - short term treatment of insomnia
antihistamines (promethiazine [Phenergan], diphenhydramine [Benadryl]) - preoperative medications and postoperatively to decre the need for narcotics buspirone (BuSpar) - reduces the signs and symptoms of anxiety without severe CNS and adverse effects (less drowsiness and sedation, NOT effective for seizures) |
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ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS
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-Tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs)
-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) -Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
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Affective Disorders vs Depression
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Affective Disorder- A person's mood goes far beyond the normal "ups and downs"
Depression- severe and long lasting feelings of sadness beyond the precipitating eventing (can be triggered by an event but doesn't need to be) |
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Signs and symptoms of depression
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low energy level
sleep disturbances lack of appetite limited libido inability to perform ADLs Overwhelming feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, and disorganization |
