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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GROUP
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a) gathering of 2 or more indiv
b) who share a common goal c) meet over a substantial time period d) in face-to-face interaction e) to achieve an identifiable goal, common cause, activity, purpose or goal |
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PRIMARY GROUP
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- linked to an indiv
- chosen becos of common interest - spontaneous, informal, automatic |
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SECONDAY GROUP
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- planned, timed, structured w/ designated leader
- meet personally estab goal - develop more effective coping skills - req by larger comm sys to which an indiv belongs to |
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Formal Group Interaction
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such as employing agency, client families, nursing associations
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Informal Group Interactions
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such as colleagues, learning groups/small study groups and work groups
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Group Dynamics
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communication processes & behaviors occuring during the life of the group
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Communication Variables
in Group Dynamics |
Clarifying
Reflecting Linking Paraphrasing Summarizing |
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Member Variables in Group Dynamics
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Motivation
Functional Similarity Leadership Style |
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Group Variables
in Group Dynamics |
Purpose
Norms Role Function Cohesiveness Decision Style |
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Purpose of a Group
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Reason for the group's existence
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GROUP NORMS
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behavioral std expected of group members.
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UNIVERSAL NORMS
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behavioral std held by most groups to be essential to the success of group life
- confidentiality, reg attendance, willingness to share |
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GROUP-SPECIFIC NORMS
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combined expectations, values & needs of group members
- risk-taking, decision-making, focus on task |
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COHESIVENESS
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value a group holds for its members & investment in being part of the group.
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GROUP THINK
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cohesiveness carried to an extreme
- loyalty & approval by group members so impt that members afraid to express conflicting ideas & opinions |
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GROUP ROLES
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assumed roles that influence comm & responses of others
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Group Role Positions
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Self Confessor - uses group to express personal views
Agressor - critizes or blame others Blocker - rejects ideas or argues an idea to death Nonfunctional self-role - avoid dealing w/ loss by attempting to change the focus of the group |
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TASK FUNCTIONS
in Group Relations |
Behaviors relevant to the attainment of group goals:
* Initiating * Seeking information or opinion * Giving information or opinion * Clarifying, elaborating * Summarizing * Consensus taking |
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MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
in Group Relations |
Behaviors that help the group maintain harmonious working relationships:
* Harmonizing * Gatekeeping * Encouraging * Compromising * Setting standards |
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Task Functions vs
Maintenance Functions |
Task > Maintenance = ⇓ member satisfaction
Maintenance > Task = ⇑ member satisfaction, goals not achieved |
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LEADERSHIP
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interpersonal influence, exercised in situations & directed through the comm process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals.
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GROUP DECISION-MAKING
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yield better products than indiv solutions:
1) more knowledge, skills & resources 2) different perspectives considered 3) ensures ownership & compliance |
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Steps in Group Decision Making
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1. Group considers nature of prob and amt of time & resources avail to resolve it
2. Brainstorm all possible solutions 3. Analyze alternatives & narrow selection 4. Consider consequences of all alternatives & impact 5. Select most promising solution |
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CLOSED GROUPS
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membership w/ an expectation of regular attendance & time commitment, at least 12 sessions
- members added on basis of fit w/ group defined criteria |
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OPEN GROUPS
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no defined memberships
- anyone can attend ex. community support groups |
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HOMOGENEOUS GROUPS
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- common denominator
- same diagnosis, personal char eg. women's group focus on women's issues |
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HETEROGENEOUS GROUPS
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- wide diversity of human experiences & problems
- vary in age, gender, psychodynamics eg. educational groups |
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Stages of Group Life
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1. Forming
2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning |
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FORMING
1st Stage |
- acceptance
- develop trust - mutual identification - estab group contract |
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STORMING
2nd Stage of Group Life Cycle |
- normal transitional phase of group development
- testing behavior to discover boundaries - leader to set limits |
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NORMING
3rd Stage of Group Life Cycle |
- feedback becomes more spontaneous, group members share more responsibility
- group norms estab |
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PERFORMING
4th Stage of Group Life Cycle |
- group work is accomplished
- affirmation = feeling validated, respected & cared for - focus on group interaction |
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ADJOURNING
5th Stage of Group Life Cycle |
- termination occurs when the group members have achieved desired outcomes
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