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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parkinson's Disease
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progressive chronic neurological disorder
no cure therapy aimed at management of s/s |
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progression of parkinson's disease
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lack of coordination
rhythmic tremors rigidity/weakness trouble maintaining position/posture bradykinesia problem walking drooling and affected speech mask-like expressions |
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theories about the cause of parkinson's disease
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UNKNOWN CAUSE
possibilities: loss of dopamine viral infection blow to head brain infection arthersclerosis exposure to certain drugs environmental factors |
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management of care for patients with PD
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encourage to:
-be as active as possible (keep muscle mass) -perform exercises attend to their own care as loong as they can -follow drug protocols Caregivers should: -monitor adverse effects -provide encouragement and support |
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Anticholinergics used to treat parkinson's disease
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Benztropine (Cogentin)
Biperiden (Akineton) |
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Anticholinergics
(Action, indications, contraindication, adv effects, drug-drug rxn) |
ACTION: block the action of acetylcholine in the CNS to help normalize the acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance
INDICATION: treatment of parkinson's relief of extrapyramidal symptoms CONTRAINDICATIONS: allergy, narrow angle glaucome, GI obstruction, GU obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy ADV EFFECTS: disorientation, confusion, agitation, delirium. nausea, vomitting, and paralytic ileus. SERIOUS BLURRED VISION NOTIFY MD DRUG-DRUG RXN; tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines. |
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anitchoinergics used if....
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levodopa isn't effective
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pt teaching about anticholinergics
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take w/ food to avoid GI upset
s/s of OD: severe N/V sweating, salivation, hypotension. bradycardia, convulsions, incr muscle weakness. |
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Levodopa (L-Dopa)
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mainstay treatment of parkinsonism
precursor of dopamine that crosses blood brain barrier, where it's converted to dopamine. almost always given in combination with carbidopa GOAL- to reduc muscle rigidity |
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Lavodopa and Carbidopa together in pill form
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SINEMET
carbidopa decr the amt of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the brain. the dosage of levodopa can be decr, reducing the adv effecs. |
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Other Dopaminergics used in the treatment of Parkinson's
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Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Bromocriptine (Perlodel) Pramipexole (Mirapex) Ropinirole (Requip) |
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Dopaminergics (Action, Indication, contraindication, adv reaction, drug-drug rxn)
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ACTION: incr levels of dopamine, directly stimulate dopamine receptors, help restore balance between inhibitory and stimulating neurons.
INDICATION: relief of s/s of idiopathic parkinsons CONTRAINDICATION: allergy, anle closure glaucoma, GI obstruction ADV RXN: anxiety, nervousness, headache, blurred vision, arrhythmias, DRUG-DRUG: MAOIs, vit B6 |
