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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a virus that affects the cranial nerves leaving no voluntary control?
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Bells Palsy
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What are the 2 saliva ducts?
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Wharton's and Stenson's ducts
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Where are the Wharton's ducts?
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under the tongue
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What does saliva do?
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help digest food and maintains oral hygiene
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What are some common complaints of oral cancer?
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nonhealing lips or mouth sore, unusual sensation in mouth, swelling/mass in the mouth/throat, bleeding in the mouth, chronic sore throat, dysphagia, voice change, ear pain
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What is a precancerous lesion?
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leukoplakia
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What can cause a hairy tongue?
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smoking or antibiotics
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What can cause glossitis?
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chemotherapy for cancer
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What is inflammation of the tongue?
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glossitis
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What nerve innervates the superior rectus?
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CN III
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What nerve innervates the inferior rectus?
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CN III
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What nerve innervates the medial rectus and interior oblique muscle?
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CN III
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What nerve innervates lateral rectus?
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CN VI
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What nerve innervates superior oblique?
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CN IV
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What is eyelashes folding inward?
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entropia
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What is eyelashes folding outward?
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ectropia
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What are some ototoxic medicatiosn?
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salicylates, furosemides (aspirin), aminolycosides
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What may CVA (costovetebral angle) tenderness be a sign of?
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kidney trouble
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Where do the lung apices extend?
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about 4 cm above the first rib into the base of the neck in adults
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What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
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difficulty breathing at night due to intermittent spasms
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KNOW pneumonia, TB, pleural effusion, emphysema, bronchiectasis
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know what they are!
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KNOW COPD, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, Cor pulmonale
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know what they are!
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What is air rushing into the lungs?
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pneumothorax
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What is blood rushing into the lungs?
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hemothorax
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How do you find pack years?
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packs smoked per day times the years they've smoked
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What is the leading cause of death?
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lung cancer
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Is lung cancer death risk higher in men or women?
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men
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What vitamin is good to help reduce lung cancer risk?
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E
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What is hunchback?
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kyphosis
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What race have the largest thorax size?
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adult caucasians
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What is normal lung tone?
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resonance
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What is the sound of a lung with emphysema?
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hyperresonance
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What sound is heard over the liver and visceral?
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dullness
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What sound is heard over the scapula?
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flat
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What is normal breathing?
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eupnea
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What is breathing over 20 per minute?
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tachypnea
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What is breathing below 12 per minute?
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bradypnea
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PAGE 347 and 349
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NORMAL AND ADVENTITIOUS BREATH SOUNDS
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When are crackles heard?
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inspiration
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When are rhonchi heard?
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expiration
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When are mild wheezes heard?
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expiration
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What sounds like a fine sound like fingers in the hair that occurs in the periphery of the lung?
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crackles
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What is a low loud noise that sounds like snoring located over the larger airways?
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rhonchi
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What is a high pitched musical squeak that occurs in the smaller airways?
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mild wheeze
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What respiratory problem may cause mild wheezes?
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asthma
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What are fine high pitched crackling noises heard at the end of inspiration?
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fine crackles
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What are medium pitched moist sounds heard about halfway through inspiration?
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medium crackles
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Are fine crackles cleared by cough?
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no
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Are medium crackles cleared by cough?
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no
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What are low pitched bubbling or gurgling sounds that start early in inspiration and extend into the first part of expiration?
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course crackles
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What are high pitched musical sounds similar to a squeak heard more commonly during expiration but MAY be heard on inspiration?
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wheezes
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What is a low pitched coarse loud low snoring or moaning tone that is heard primarily during expiration but MAY be heard during inspiration?
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rhonchi
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When do you hear fine crackles?
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the end of inspiration
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When do you hear medium crackles?
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halfway through inspiration
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When do you hear coarse crackles?
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early in inspiration and into expiration
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When do you hear wheezes?
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more commonly in expiration but sometimes during inspiration
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When do you hear a rhonchi?
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usually during expiration but sometimes during inspiration
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When do you hear a pleural friction rub?
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inspiration and expiration
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What is a superficial low pitched coarse rubbing or grating sound that sounds like two surfaces rubbing together?
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pleural friction rub
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Where is a pleural friction rub the loudest?
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the anterolateral surface
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Is a pleural friction rub cleared by cough?
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no
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What is heard in patients with pleurisy?
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pleural friction rub
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What is heard in problems such as bronchitis, which is obstructing the bronchus or trachea
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rhonchi
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What is heard in narrow airway disease such as asthma?
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wheezes
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What is heard in individuals with things like pulmonary edema or pulmonary fibrosis?
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coarse crackles
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Which normal breath sound is highest in pitch?
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bronchial
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Which normal breath sound is moderate in pitch?
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bronchovesicular
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What normal breath sound is low in pitch?
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vesicular
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What is the loudest normal breath sound?
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bronchial
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What is the softest normal breath sound?
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vesicular
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Which is longer with bronchial sounds: inspiration or expiration?
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expiration
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Which is longer with bronchovesicular sounds: inspiration or expiration?
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both are equal
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Which is longer with with vesicular sounds: inspiration or expiration?
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inspiration
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Where do you hear bronchial sounds?
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over trachea
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Where do you hear bronchovesicular sounds?
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first and second intercostal spaces at sternal border anteriorly; posteriorly at T4 medial to scapula
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Where do you hear vesicular breath sounds?
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peripheral lung fields
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Where should you not hear bronchial sounds?
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peripheral lung fields
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Where should you not hear bronchovesicular sounds?
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peripheral lung fields
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Why do so many older individuals have many lung problems?
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less ciliary activity
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What is the period of time within the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles are contracted and ejecting blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries?
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systole
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What is the period of time within the cardiac cycle in which ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood?
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diastole
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What is chest pain that is pressure, burning, dull or sharp?
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stable angina
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What is chest pain that is pressure, squeezing, crushing, burning, dull, or sharp?
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unstable angina
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What is chest pain that is boring, oppressive, pleuritic, or positional?
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acute pericarditis
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What does angina indicate?
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myocardial ischemia
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What is a likely sign of angina?
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Levine's sign (a clenched fist placed on the sternum to describe the pain)
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What is breathing characterized by several short breaths followed by long, irregular periods of apnea?
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Biot breathing
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What is a burning, squeezing, aching, heaviness, smothering pain?
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ischemia
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What is a positional ache with dyspnea?
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pericarditis
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What is a sudden onset that is sharp, stabbing, and varies with respirations?
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pulmonary embolis
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What is a sudden onset of pain that feels like tearing or pleuritis worsened by breathing?
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pneumothorax
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What is a stabbing pain increased by coughing and deep breathing?
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pneumonia
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What is quickly squeezing a calf which causes calf pain?
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deep phlebitis
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What is dorsiflexing the foot and the calf has soreness or pain?
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homan's sign
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What can be a sign of arterial insuffiency but is also a sign of aging?
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hair loss
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What are common in the veins of older adults?
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rigid, tortuous veins and arteries- variscosities
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What are some cardiovascular assistive devices/procedures?
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cardiac cath/angioplasty, artifical pacemakers, hemodynamic monitoring, antiembolic stockings, chest tubes, EKG monitor, IV cathetes
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What can chest tubes do?
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reinflate the chest
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What may fatigue be a symptom of?
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perfusion problem
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What can cause pulmonary edema?
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blood backing up in the pulmonary circulation
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