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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the main groups of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
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1. Sulfanomides
2. Trimethoprim 3. Fluroquinolones 4. Metronidazoles |
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List the main Sulfanomides.
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1. Sulfadoxine
2. Sulfamethoxazole 3. Sulfadiazine |
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List the main Fluoroquinolones.
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1. Ciprofloxacin
2. Ofloxacin 3. Norfloxacin 4. Levofloxacin 5. Lemofloxacin 6. Moxifloxacin |
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What is the mechanism of action of sulfanomides ?
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• PABA anaglogue
• Competes as false substrate for dihydropteroate • Inhibits folic acid synthesis • Bacterostatic |
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What are the therapeutic indications for the use of sulfanomides ?
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• Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine = P. falciparum
• Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethaprim = UTI and RT infections • Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine = Toxoplasmosis |
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Which Sulfanomide can be applied topically ?
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Silver sulfadiazine.
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What are the adverse effects of using Sulfanomides ?
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• Nausea
• Vomiting • Headache • Crystalluria • Increase risk of kernicterus • Contra indicated for porphyria |
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What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim ?
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• Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
• Used with sulfamethoxazole = Bactericidal |
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What are the the therapeutic indications for the use of Trimethoprim ?
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• UTI
• RTI • Prostatic infections • Prophylaxis + treatment = Pneumocystis jirovecii |
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What are the adverse effects of using Trimethoprim ?
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• Nausea
• Vomiting • Blood disorders • Skin rashes • Megaloblastic anaemia |
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What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones ?
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• Inhibits Topoisomerase II
• Bactericidal |
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What are the therapeutic indications for using Fluoroquinolones ?
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• Gram –
• Enterobacteriaceae • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Neisseria • Legionella Moxifloxacin = S. pneumoniae |
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What are the adverse effects of using Fluoroquinolones ?
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• GI disturbances
• Skin rash • Combined with theophylline = Inhibits Cytochrome P450 • Hepatotoxicity • Prolonged QT interval • Hypersensitivity • Avoid in pregnancy and under 18 years |
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What is the mechanism of action for Metronidazoles ?
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• Activated by reduction through ferredoxin
• Reactive intermediate causes the destruction of macromolecules • Bactericidal |
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What are the therapeutic indications for the use of Metronidazoles ?
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• Entamoeba hystolytica
• Trichomona vaginalis • Helicobacter pylori • Anaerobes |
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What are the adverse effects of using Metronidazoles ?
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• Metallic taste
• Minor GI disturbances • Alcohol use is contra indicated • Mutagenic • Carcinogenic • Teratogenic • Avoided during pregnancy and breast feeding |