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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Name the main groups of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
1. Sulfanomides
2. Trimethoprim
3. Fluroquinolones
4. Metronidazoles
List the main Sulfanomides.
1. Sulfadoxine
2. Sulfamethoxazole
3. Sulfadiazine
List the main Fluoroquinolones.
1. Ciprofloxacin
2. Ofloxacin
3. Norfloxacin
4. Levofloxacin
5. Lemofloxacin
6. Moxifloxacin
What is the mechanism of action of sulfanomides ?
• PABA anaglogue
• Competes as false substrate for dihydropteroate
• Inhibits folic acid synthesis
• Bacterostatic
What are the therapeutic indications for the use of sulfanomides ?
• Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine = P. falciparum
• Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethaprim = UTI and RT infections
• Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine = Toxoplasmosis
Which Sulfanomide can be applied topically ?
Silver sulfadiazine.
What are the adverse effects of using Sulfanomides ?
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Crystalluria
• Increase risk of kernicterus
• Contra indicated for porphyria
What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim ?
• Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
• Used with sulfamethoxazole = Bactericidal
What are the the therapeutic indications for the use of Trimethoprim ?
• UTI
• RTI
• Prostatic infections
• Prophylaxis + treatment = Pneumocystis jirovecii
What are the adverse effects of using Trimethoprim ?
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blood disorders
• Skin rashes
• Megaloblastic anaemia
What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones ?
• Inhibits Topoisomerase II
• Bactericidal
What are the therapeutic indications for using Fluoroquinolones ?
• Gram –
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Neisseria
• Legionella

Moxifloxacin = S. pneumoniae
What are the adverse effects of using Fluoroquinolones ?
• GI disturbances
• Skin rash
• Combined with theophylline = Inhibits Cytochrome P450
• Hepatotoxicity
• Prolonged QT interval
• Hypersensitivity
• Avoid in pregnancy and under 18 years
What is the mechanism of action for Metronidazoles ?
• Activated by reduction through ferredoxin
• Reactive intermediate causes the destruction of macromolecules
• Bactericidal
What are the therapeutic indications for the use of Metronidazoles ?
• Entamoeba hystolytica
• Trichomona vaginalis
• Helicobacter pylori
• Anaerobes
What are the adverse effects of using Metronidazoles ?
• Metallic taste
• Minor GI disturbances
• Alcohol use is contra indicated
• Mutagenic
• Carcinogenic
• Teratogenic
• Avoided during pregnancy and breast feeding