Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DNA::
A- Composition: ____, ____, and ____. These units form a ________ B-Structure- ____ ____ 1.Sides of the chain or ladder a) ____ group b) ____ group 2.Steps of the ladder Nitrogen bases:: ____, ____, ____, and ____ C Base Pairing Rule ____ with ____ and ____ with ____ |
A. Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases, nucleotide
B. sugar group (deoxyribose), phosphate group, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine C. adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine |
|
|
Replication of DNA
A. Each of the ____ strands of the DNA double helix has all the ____ to ________. Because of this, the strands are said to be ____. B. Replication occurs in the ____ just before the cell divides. C. Steps in DNA Replication:: 1- ____ between bases break and molecule "unzips." 2- The two halves are now exposed to free floating ____ in the nucleus. 3- The G-C and A-T pairing take place until the whole original molecule is copied. a) There are now ____ identical strands of DNA b) This provides enough DNA for the cell to ____ D. Replicate:: A G C T A G T T A A ___________________ |
A. two, information, reconstruct the other half, complementary
B. nucleus C. hydrogen bonds, nucleotides, two, divide D. T C G A T C A A T T |
|
|
RNA::
A. ____ stranded B. Composition: ____, ____, and ____ C. Base Pair Rule for RNA ____ with ____ and ____ with ____ D. Types of RNA 1- mRNA ____ function: ____________ 2- tRNA ____ function: ____________ 3- rRNA ____ function: ____________ |
A. single
B. ribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases C. adenine with uracil and cytosine with thymine D. messenger: brings the genetic code for protein to a ribosome for production transfer: transfer a certain amino acid in the cytoplasm to a ribosome ribosomal: combines with proteins to make a ribosome |
|
|
Transcription::
A. Process occurs in the ____. B. Double stranded ____ unwinds and unzips. C. RNA nucleotides attach onto exposed bases of the DNA at region known as ____. D. This new strand of RNA is ____ and it will detach from DNA and move into the ____ toward the ____ |
A. nucleus
B. DNA C. promoters D. mRNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes |
|
|
Codons::
Group of 3 bases located on ____ which will code for a certain ____ ____. Lysine: ____, ____ Glycine: ____, ____, ____, ____ Alanine: ____, ____, ____, ____ |
mRNA, amino acid
AAG, AAA GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG |
|
|
Protein Synthesis is the ____ of the message::
A. The info. that DNA transfers to mRNA is in the form of a ____. 1- Each combo of ____ nucleotides on mRNA is called a ____ 2- Each codon codes for a certain ____ ____ 3- There are ____ codons. Sixty one specify a particular amino acid. 4- AAA: ____ AUG: ____ CGG: ____ ACG: ____ GCA: ____ UAU: ____ AUG is called an initiator codon. It tells the ribosome where to start reading the message. There are several stop codons. They are ____, ____, and ____. Their job is to ________ B. Translation 1- The decoding of a mRNA message to make a ____ chain 2- cell parts involved: ____, ____, and ____. 3- workings of translation 1) tRNA, found in the ____, works with ____. b)One end of the tRNA attaches to a specific amino acid and the opposite side bonds with ____ c) The 3 bases on the tRNA are called ____, and they are complementary to the bases on the ____ strand d) tRNA delivers ____ ____ in a sequence called for by mRNA codons e) the ____ moves along the mRNA strand, reads the coded message, then translates it into a ____ ____. f) When the ribosome reaches a "stop" codon, ________ |
translation
A. code, 3, codon, amino acid, 64, lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, UAG, UGA, UAA, signify the end of a polypeptide B. polypeptide, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, cytoplasm, mRNA, mRNA, anticodon, mRNA, amino acids, ribosome, polypeptide chain, it releases the newly formed polypeptide and the mRNA molecule |
|
|
Translation (Cont'd..)::
1- What does the AUG codon tell the ribosome? 2- What does the UAG codon tell the ribosome? 3- Why is a ribosome essential for protein synthesis? 4- If a certain protein is made up of 100 amino acids, how many bases on the mRNA are needed to carry the code for the synthesis of this protein? |
to start the translation
to stop it reads the mRNA and put amino acids together 300 |
|
|
Translation (doesn't include the "Translation cont'd..")::
A. Definition: ________ B. mRNA acts as a template (pattern) and directs ____ to bring the proper amino acid to mRNA C. tRNA has groups of 3 bases called ____ which are complementary to the ____ on ____ D. Each tRNA combines with ____ specific amino acid E. Translation takes place in the ____ |
A. decoding of an mRNA message into protein (polypeptide chain)
B. tRNA C. anticodon, codons, mRNA D. one E. ribosomes |
|
|
Proteins::
A. Made up of variations of ____ amino acids B. The ____ in which amino acids are joined makes one protein different from another C. The type of amino acid is determined by the ____. D. Chromosomes, which are made of sections of the DNA molecule, control the building of every ____ E. Proteins in many ways control all reactions taking place in the cells of all organisms. List 3 functions: |
A. 20
B. order C. DNA (has the original code) D. proteins E. 1- support 2- structure 3- cell movement 4- enzymes |
