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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3rd and 4th generation drugs are characterized by less resistance: T or F?
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TRUE
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3rd and 4th generation drugs will add this to spectrum
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anaerobes
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A (probable) non bacterial indication for metronidazole
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chronic inflammatory bowel disease (and giardia)
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A 3rd generation FQ recently approved in the USA for cats
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Pradofloxacin
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A FQ for which oral bioavailability is reduced in the dog
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ciprofloxacin
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A non-lethal side effect of rifampin
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orang discoloration of body fluids
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A suggested tier for FQ
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2nd
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An adversitiy of fluoroqinolones that is more likely to occur in growing, large breed dogs
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cartilage defects
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An adversity of FQs limited to cats
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retinal degeneration
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An approved indication for FQ in food animals
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BRD in beef cattle
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An FQ that will accumulate in phagocytic WBC
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All of them
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An increasing MIC for an isolate on subsequent C&S means this
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emerging resistance
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An isolate can have an MIC for a FQ that is higher than that of a wild type, but still be "Susceptible" on C&S: T or F?
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TRUE
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Ciprofloxacin will reach effective concentratiosn in urine when enrofloxacin is given: T or F
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TRUE
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core structure of quinolones
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nalidixic acid (1st generation)
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Effective only toward anaerobic organisms
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metronidazole
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ELDU of fluorinated quinolones is prohibited in food animals: True or False
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TRUE
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Enrofloxacin is active as the parent compound: T or F?
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TRUE
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Enrofloxacin is metabolized to this in the animal
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ciprofloxacin
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Enrofloxacin will be more effective in a urine pH of 6 or 8?
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8
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Enrofloxacin will reach effective concentrations in urine: T or F
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TRUE
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Fluorinated quinolones are not approved for use in food animals: T or F?
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FALSE
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Fluorinated quinolones may cause seizures: T or F
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True, in predisposed patients
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FQs are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
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Cidal
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FQs are time or concentration dependent?
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Concentration
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FQs will reach the prostate or brain at cidal concentrations: T or F
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TRUE
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Human fluoroquinolone
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ciprofloxacin
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impact of piperanyl ring and fluorine
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increased distribution, enhanced G- and G=
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Methicillin-resistance staphylococcus is generally susceptible in vitro to rifampin: T or F
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TRUE
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Mutations in topoisomerases results in single drug resistance: T or F?
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TRUE
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Reduces microbial DNA
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metronidazole
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Rifampin accumulates in WBC: T or F
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TRUE
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Rifampin has this effect in the liver
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marked induction of drug metabolislm
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Rifampin is indicated as sole therapy for treatment of MRS
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FALSE
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Rifampin may increase this on a serum chemistry panel
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serum alkaline phosphatase
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Rifamping is orally bioavailable: T or F
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TRUE
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Safest fluoroquinolone for cats
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pradofloxacin>marbofloxacin>orbifloxacin
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source of fluoroquinolones
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synthetic
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Species in which ciprofloxacin is not orally bioavailable
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cat, horse
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Spectrum of rifampin
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Gram positive
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Susceptible wild type isolates are generally characterized by low MIC
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TRUE
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Targets RNA polymerase
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rifampin
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The de-ethylated form of enrofloxacin
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ciprofloxacin
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The dose of ciprofloxacin compared to the dose of enrofloxacin
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should be doubled
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The first step of resistance to FQs involves this which leads to resistance only to FQ
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mutation in topoisomerase II or IV
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The initial, primary target of FQs for gram negative organisms
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DNA Gyrase (topoisomerase II)
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The initial, primary target of FQs for gram positive organisms
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Topoisomerase IV
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The mechanism of ocular toxicity in cats
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lack of retinal efflux pump
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The metabolism of this drug is inhibited by several FQs
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theophylline
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The MIC of an organism for enrofloxacin is 0.25 mcg/ml. What is the target Cmax?
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2.5 mcg/ml
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The most likely adversity associated with metronidazole
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CNS
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The pKa of fluoroquinolones is similar to this class of concentration dependent drugs
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Aminoglycosides (weak bases)
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The second or 3rd step of resistance to FQs involves this which leads to multidrug mechanism
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increased activity of efflux pumps
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The second step of resistance to FQs involves this which leads to resistance only to FQ
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a second mutation in topoisomerase IV or II
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The second target of FQs for gram negative organisms
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Topoisomerase IV
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The second target of FQs for gram positive organisms
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DNA Gyrase (topoisomerase II)
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The term used to refer to multiple approved doses
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flexible label
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