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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 2 units of radiation dose that we use and how are they related to each other?
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Rad and Gray (1 J/kg)
1 Gray is 100 rads |
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What is the energy equivalent of on electron at rest?
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.511 MeV
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What is quantum mechanics?
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It is a set of mathematical theorems for predicting the behavior of tiny particles, or at least of measuring instruments we use to explore these behaviors.
State the 5 detail parts of quantum mechanics definition? |
1. Energy is not continuous but comes in small discrete units (photons)
2. The elementary particles behave like both particles and waves. 3. The movement of these particles is random. 4. It is physically impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. The more we know of one the less we know of the other. 5. The atomic world is nothing like the macroscopic world. |
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Who discovered the existence of the atom in 1906? and what was his theory called?
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JJ Thomson, 1st physicist to propose an electronic model of the atom.
electrons randomly studded around a positively charged sphere (plum pudding model) |
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Who implied that most of the atom was space and how did he prove it?
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In 1911 Rutherford did an experiment with an alpha emitter passing through gold foil.
also what was his formula for determining the radius of a nucleus? |
R = 1.2E-15 x A to the 1/3
where r is the radius in meters and A is the atomic mass |
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Who proposed the atom is like a solar system?
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Neils Bohr
how did he solve the problem stated from physicists of his day that a charged particle in motion emits radiation according to classical physics? |
He said that the electrons remain in stationary states or orbits that he called shells and substates
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What is the formula for determining the # of substrates per shell according to Bohr?
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2n -1
where n is the quantum shell # what is the formula for determining the # of electrons/shell? |
2n 2(squared)
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What are the 4 quantum numbers for electrons and their values?
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1. principle shell (1,2,3...)
2. Azimuthal 0 to n-1 3. magnetic -1, 0 or +1 4. spin -1/2 or 1/2 what creation did these quantum numbers lead to? |
The periodic table of the elements
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What is ionization?
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The process where a neutral atom absorbs enough energy to lose or gain and electron acquiring a positive or negative charge. creating an ion pair
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What is ionization potential?
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amount of energy required to ionize the least tightly bound electron in an atom.
What is ionization radiation? |
The amount of radiation necessary to remove and electron from its orbit
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Definitions:
Isotopes Isotones Isobars |
Isotopes are atoms with the same # of protons but different # neutrons
Isotones are atoms with the same # neutrons Isobars are atoms with same mass # |
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What are the 4 sources of radiation, what they are and their origin
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1. gamma, photon, nucleus
2. X-ray, photon, electron shell 3. beta, particle, electron 4. alpha, particle, He nucleus 2P,2N which one is primarily used in nuclear medicine? |
Gamma, occasionally beta
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