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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is radioactivity?
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The ability of certain nuclides to
1. Undergo spontaneous uncontrolled decay. 2. emit penetrating radiation |
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Production of radionuclides are produced by what?
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Irradiation of stable nuclides by subatomic particles such as deutrons or neutrons in a cyclotron or nuclear reactor.
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What can be added to a number of compounds so that the compound is not altered physiologically?
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Technetium99m
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Length of time it takes for original number of atoms to disintegrate or decay to one half its original number?
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Half life
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Flash of light produced in a phosphor by radiation? What compound is most widely used?
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Scinitillation
Sodium Iodide |
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sensitive device used to detect ionizing radiation by electronically measuring the light produced?
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Scintillation detector
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Examples of tracers in nuclear medicine?
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1. Radioactive Iodine
2. Technetium-99m |
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Area in any organ where concentration is less than in surrounding tissue?
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cold spot- cancer
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Any organ where concentration is significantly greater than surrounding tissue.
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Hot spot- brain tumor
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Used in large percentage of studies because of the ideal energy and ideal half life?
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Technetium-99m
140 kEv and 6 hour half life |
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When is Thyroid studied?
What is the procedure? What are the results of this study? |
suggested disturbance of function and size.
oral administration of iodine 123 collection normal uptake at 10%-30% at 24 hours, hypothyroid anything lower hyperthyroid anything higher. |
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Brain indications:
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early detection of brain tumors and/or metastases, subdural hematomas, CVAs, abscesses
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Procedure for brain study?
Results? |
2-mci of Tc 99m DTPA given with anterior images being taken every 3 seconds.
changes in distribution or flow shows CVA's and carotid artery obstructions. |
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What is nuclear medicine used for in bone studies?
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Evaluates metastases, tumors, arthritis, paget's disease
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What is the procedure for bone studies?
What are the results for bone studies? |
IV injection of 20 mCi Tc99m labeled with phosphate complex. Total body scans performed 2 hours after injections.
hot spots indicate problems such as metastases and arthritis |
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What is nuclear medicine used to study the lungs for?
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Pulmonary Emboli, CA, COPD
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What is the prcocedure for studying the lungs in nuclear medicine?
What are the results of this study? |
10-20 mCi of Xenon into breathing apparatus
normal- uniform distribution of radioactive gases with no activity after 3 minutes abnormal- ventilation defects plus areas of nonradioactivity. |
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what kind of badges do nuc med techs wear?
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ring badges
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SPECT
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single photon emission computed tomography
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How does spect work?
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may utilize one to three gamma camera detectors to produce tomographic or sectional images of a structure.
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PET?
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Positron Emission Tomography
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How does PET work?
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uses positron emissions form radionuclides to produce detailed functional images within the body
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What does PET show?
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1. blood flows
2. metabolic processes at cellular level |
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what does annhilation radiation result from?
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positron decay
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Positron emitters releases two identical ______ in exactly opposite directions
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photons
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Radionuclides have ______ halflives. They are produced in ___________.
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short, cyclotrons.
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Give 3 examples of radionuclides
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Fluorine-18
radioactive water Fluoride ions (FDG) |
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for glucose metabolism in the brain
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fluorine 18
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local cerebral blood flow
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radioactive water
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glucose utilization in the brain, heart, tumors or other tissues.
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Fluoride ions.
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what is PET used to measure?
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human cellular, organ, or system function.
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What clinical studies is PET used for?
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1. detection of cancer whether it is benign or malignant. FDG
2. Monitoring effectiveness of drugs |
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What is myelograpy used to radiograph?
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spinal cord and it's nerve root structures
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what does the central nervous system consists of?
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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Where does the spinal cord end?
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L1 or L2
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Where is CSF produced?
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ventricle
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In myelography what type of injection is done?
Where is the injection given? |
Introthecal
Subarachnoid space |
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Brains outer potion is called?
inner portions? |
Cortex
White matter |
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What parts does the brain consists of?
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Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
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what seperates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?
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longitudinal fissure
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spinal cord consists of inner _____ substance and outer _________ white substance.
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gray, white
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Where does the spinal cord extend from?
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foramen magnum and medulla oblongota to L1 or L2.
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What pointed structure does the spinal cord end in?
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conus medularis
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
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31
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spinal nerves are tranmitted through what?
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intervertebral and sacral foramina
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Spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal below extend inferiorly through what?
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vertebral canal
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Spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord are referred to as?
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cauda equina
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inner sheath of brain and spinal cord?
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pia matter
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the middle sheath of the brain and spinal cord.
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arachnoid
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the strong outer covering of brain and spinal cord?
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dura mater
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