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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the minimum amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction
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critical mass
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the products themselves promote or spread the reaction, which under certain conditions may accelerate dramatically
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chain reaction
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control the number of neutrons in the reactor (ex. boron)
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control rods
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slow down the speed of neutrons (ex. graphite)
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moderator
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the hydrogen i the molecules is party or wholly replaced by the isotope deuterium
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heavy water
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keep the temperature at a reasonable level during fission reactions (ex. heavy water)
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coolant
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protects the reactor and people from radiation (ex. concrete)
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shield
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creates fissile material at a faster rate than it uses another fissile material as fuel
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breeder reactor
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follows the course of a chemical (organic) or biological reaction (ex. carbon-14)
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tracer
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the extension of the edges of an illuminated object seen against a dark background
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irradiation
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atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons
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isotope
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an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay
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radioisotope
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undergo change to a different form by emitting radiation
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decay/disentigration
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positively charge particle emitted from certain readioactive nuclei; consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons and is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom
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alpha particle
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negatively charged particle; electron resulting from the breaking apart of neutrons in an atom
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beta (-) particle
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charge of +1 with no mass
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beta (+) particle/positron
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high-energy photon emitted by a radioisotope
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gamma radiation
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spontaneous decomposition of an atom without external means
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natural radioactivity
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artificially induced nuclear reaction caused by the bombardment of a nucleus with subatomic particles
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artificial transmutation
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time required for one half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products
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half-life
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the splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments, accompanied by the release of neutrons and a large amount of energy
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fission
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the process of combining nuclei to produce a nucleus of greater mass
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fusion
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energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons
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nuclear binding energy
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greatest mass, charge, and ionizing power
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alpha particle
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most penetration power and similar to x-rays
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gamma rays
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similar to an electron
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beta (-) particle
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nuclear reactions that has waste
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fission
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pinpointing of brain tumors
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technetium-99
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diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders
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iodine-131
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treatment of cancer
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radium and cobalt-60
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radioactive dating
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uranium-238 and carbon-14
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ratio of a stable isotope
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about 1:1 (neutron:proton)
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