Nuclear Chemistry

Front 1

Wilhelm Roentgen

Back 1

discovered X-rays. 1895

Front 2

Henri Becquerel

Back 2

phosphorescence won nobel peace prize. Used element salts

Front 3

phophoscence

Back 3

minerals that emit light after being exposed to sunlight

Front 4

pitchblende

Back 4

Becquerel's mineral sample

Front 5

Marie & Pierre Currie

Back 5

"defined" radioactivity
discovered: polonium
radium
Won Nobel Peace Prize

Front 6

Radiation

Back 6

the rays and particles given off by radioactivity

Front 7

isotopes

Back 7

atoms of the smae element tht have different numbers of neutrons

Front 8

radioisotopes

Back 8

atoms with unstable nuclei

Front 9

Ernest Rutherford

Back 9

Gold foil experiment
Identified: alpha radiation
beta radiation
gamma radiation

Front 10

neucleons

Back 10

postitive charged protons and neutral neutrons

Front 11

strong nuclear force

Back 11

force that acts only on subatonic particles that are close together & overcomes the electrostatic repulsions between protons.

Front 12

type of radioactive decay depends on it's stability. Explain....

Back 12

Atoms above the line of stability have too many neutrons to be stable
Below the line-too many protons to be stable

Front 13

band of stability

Back 13

area on graph where all stable nuclei are found
see page 811 for graph

Front 14

beta decay

Back 14

above the line

Front 15

alpha decay

Back 15

more than 83 protons. It decays spontaneously

Front 16

postitron emission

Back 16

a radioactive decay process that involves the emission of a postitron from a nucleus

Front 17

positron

Back 17

particle with same mass as an electron but opposite charge

Front 18

positron symbol

Back 18

O
1

Front 19

electron capture

Back 19

occurs when nucleus of atom draws in a surrouning electron
(Usually from the lowest energy level)

Front 20

radioactive decay series

Back 20

a series of nuclear reactions that starts with an unstable nucleus & results in the formation of a stable nucleus.

Front 21

transmutation

Back 21

conversion of an atom of 1 element to an atom of another element

Front 22

induced transimulation

Back 22

process which involves striking nuclei with high velocity charged particles

Front 23

transuranium elements

Back 23

elements immediately after uranium on periodic table. elements with atomic #93 & higher. All are radioactive

Front 24

half-life

Back 24

the time required for 1/2 of a radioisotope's nuclei to decay into its product
Know how to figure (page 817)

Front 25

radioactive decay rates are measured in.........

Back 25

half-lifes

Front 26

radiochemical dating

Back 26

process of determining the age of an object by measureing amount of certain radioisotopes remaining in that object.

Front 27

mass defect

Back 27

difference in mass between a mucleus & its component nucleons

Front 28

critical mass

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sample that is massive enough to sustain a chain reaction

Front 29

subcritical mass

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chain reaction stops because neutrons escape- no fissions

Front 30

supercritical mass

Back 30

chain reaction speeds up because neutrons cause more fissions

Front 31

breeder reactors

Back 31

reactors that produce more fuel than they use

Front 32

nuclear fusion

Back 32

The combining of atomic nuclei

Front 33

theronuclear reactions

Back 33

fusion reactions

Front 34

ionizing radiation

Back 34

radiation energetic enough to ionize matter that it collides with

Front 35

radiotracer

Back 35

radioisotope that puts out non-ionizing radiation used to detect a specific element

Front 36

nuclear fission

Back 36

splits large nuclei into smaller pieces

Front 37

nuclear fusion

Back 37

put smaller nuclear into larger ones