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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nuclear Reactions
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Happen inside the nucleus, causing the change of one element into another
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Isotopes
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Atoms with same atomic numbers but different number of neutrons
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Nucleon
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total number of both protons and neutrons
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Atom
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smallest particle of an element
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Ion
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change number of electrons unequal protons and electrons
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Radioactivity
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spontaneous breakdown of atoms from unstable nucleus; the spontaneous emission of radiation from a nucleus
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Gamma Radiation
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radioactivity consisting of high-energy light waves, no mass, exothermic
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Beta Particle
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electron emitted as radiation, medium power
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Alpha Particle
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helium nucleus emitted as radiation, cluster 2 protons 2 neutrons, large mass, move slowly, low power
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Radioisotope
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radioactive isotope
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Radionuclide
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nucleus of a radioactive isotope
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Artificial Radioisotopes
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not found in nature. All isotopes of the transuranium elements(heavier than uranium)
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Natural Radioisotopes
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found in earths crust
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Nuclear(Radioactive) Decay
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spontaneous emission of a particle from an unstable nucleus
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Transmutation
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the change of one element into another
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Alpha Emission
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emission of a helium atom, important for heavy atoms, loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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Beta Emission
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emission of an electron nucleus emit electrons
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Gamma Emission
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release of energy, usually with other forms of emission
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Positron Emission
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conversion of proton in nucleus into a neutron plus an ejected positron(positive electron)
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Electron Capture (E.C.)
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nucleus captures an inner-shell electron from the surrounding electron cloud, converting a proton into a neutron
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Lighter Elements
(Radioactive Isotopes) |
stable isotope if # protons equals # of neutrons, or close to it
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Heavier Elements
(Radioactive Isotopes) |
stable isotope if # neutrons is greater than # of protons
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Half-life
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amount of time required for one-half of a radioactive sample to decay
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Critical Mass
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minimum amount of radioactive material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction; increase concentration to get higher chain reactions
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