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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WBCs are also known as ____.
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leukocytes
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Phagocytes are also called ___ and ____.
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neutrophils and lymphocytes
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What are the two types of lymphocytes?
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B and T
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What are antigens?
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foreign substances
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What are the 2 functions of B lymphocytes?
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identify foreign antigens and produce antibodies
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What do mature T cells do?
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destroy antigens, help antibodies destroy antigens
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What are the 3 parts of the immune system?
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innate, adaptive (active) and passive
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What does innate immunity include?
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physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes
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What does adaptive immunity include?
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develops as children are exposed to diseases
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What is passive immunity?
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acquired by the introduction of antibodies into an unprotected individual
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What is an example of passive immunity?
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antibodies that pass from the mother to the fetus through the placenta that acquire immunity through breastfeeding
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What is the most important physical barrier and the first line of defense?
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skin
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What does the skin do?
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regulates temperature, aids in water retention, aids in synthesis of Vitamin D
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What are some examples of mechanical barriers?
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fluids: tears, urine, vaginal secretions, semen
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What are some examples of chemical barriers?
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acidic secretions of the stomach and digestive enzymes neutralize organisms taken into the body
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Infants with congenital immunodeficiency disorders are at risk for _____.
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infections
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B-cell disorders are inadequate or nearly absent number of _____.
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immunoglobulins
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T-cell disorders begin in infants younger than _____.
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6 months of age
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HIV targets and destroys ____.
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T cells
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Why is diarrhea a big concern for children infected with HIV?
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malabsorption of nutrients causes failure to grow
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What is needed to diagnose HIV?
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PCR test x 2
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What are the types of transplantation?
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stem cell, autologous (childs own cells are taken), isogenic (cells taken from identical twin), allogenic (cells come from donor)
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This is an autoimmune disorder that affects multiple systems and is a chronic disorder of blood vessels and connective tissue.
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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What are the sx of SLE?
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butterfly rash on face, arthritis, weight loss, vasculitis
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This is the most common type of arthritis in children?
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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Polyarticular JRA affects which joints?
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ankles, knees, feet, hips, neck, small joints of the hands and fingers
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What is anaphylaxis?
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allergic reaction; medical emergency
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What are the treatment options for anaphylaxis?
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Perform CPR, ensure adequate airway (ventilator or oxygen), administer epinephrine, corticosteroids, antihistamines
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What are the three components of an infection?
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host, environment, agent
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This part of an infection causes the actual disease?
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agent
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What are the most common sx of infection?
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fever, malaise, anorexia, pruritis
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What causes Reye syndrome?
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aspirin use in children
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What should the nurse educate the parents about Reye syndrome?
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use of non-aspirin medications, to reduce fever in children
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How can cytomegalovirus be prevented?
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good handwashing
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Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
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Epstein-Barr
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Candida albicans is also known as?
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yeast; most infants have natural yeast in their mouths
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Why is Nystatin given via swab, or gloved finger after feeding?
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so medication will remain in contact with fungi rather than being washed away during feeding
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What are some common fungal infections?
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ringworm, athletes foot, jock itch
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Why is diarrhea a big problem with HIV?
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skin breakdown
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Which joints are affected in the beginning of JRA during the pauciarticular phase?
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larger joints
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During the polyarticular phase of JRA which joints are affected?
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ankles, knees, feet, hips, neck, small joints in fingers and hands
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What is the initial treatment for JRA?
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methylprednisone with NSAIDs or Methyltrexate (low-dose chemo) to suppress immune system
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For an infection what does the temperature need to be?
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101.5
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What is the only disease in children in which aspirin is typically administered?
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Kawasaki disease
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What is a common characteristic of mono?
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sustained fever (103) for several days
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Candida albicans is also know as ____ ____.
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oral thrush
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______ is given 20 units/kg intradermal for the treatment of rabies.
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HRIG--> human rabies immune globulin
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