Nu 311 (13) Breasts

Front 1

What is the purpose of progesterone?

Back 1

Increases breast cell growth
Dilates blood vessels after ovulation
Engorgement (swelling) occurs 5-7 days prior to menstruation

Front 2

What is the functions of the breasts?

Back 2

Lobes & lobules
Lactiferous ducts & sinuses
Areola (1-2cm in diameter)
Contain sebaceous glands

Front 3

What are the function of the montgomery glands?

Back 3

sebaceous glands

Front 4

WHat is the cooper ligament?

Back 4

attaches breast to the breast wall, help support the breast, If there is a tumor the ligament would cause some sort of indentation due to the retraction of coopers ligament

Front 5

WHat lies beneeth the pectoralis major?

Back 5

the lymphatic system

Front 6

What are the lymphatics in the upper chest?

Back 6

75% of lymph drains in the ipsilateral axillary nodes
Central Axillary Nodes
Pectoral
Subscapular
Lateral

Front 7

What is the Axillary tail of spence?

Back 7

Superior lateral corner of the breast
1)This is where the most breast lesions are found with people at risk for cancer, because this is where there is most dense breast tissue (female)
2) In men it is in the areola

Front 8

What is supernumery nipple?

Back 8

1)Extra nipple that develops and is visible along the track of the mammary ridge
2)Congenital anomily, during embryony development

Front 9

What is the Tanner staging for sexual maturity?

Back 9

Stage 1 : Pre-adolecent : small
Stage 2: breast bud stage( small mount mount of breast tissue develop, areola start to widen)
Stage 3: Breast continue to enlarge, the nipple flushed with the skin
Stage 4: Secondary mound of breast tissue developing
Stage 5: Mature stage, nipple protrudes, some shape and form to the breast contour
***Full development of all 5 stages take about 3 years
***During these stages pubic hair and axillary hair
Takes place 2 yrs before

Front 10

What is some cultural variations in breast development of the adolecent girl?

Back 10

1)Puberty occur in:
African american Girls : 8-9
White girls 10

Front 11

What is wiches milk?

Back 11

Mothers hormones in the babies system allows the baby to secrete the milk

Front 12

What are some considerations with the aging female?

Back 12

After menopause, ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases
Breast glandular tissue decreases
Breast size decreases
Breasts droop and sag. Look flattened and flabby

Front 13

What is gynecomastia?

Back 13

enlargement of the male adolecent's breast tissue

Front 14

What are some cultural variations in development of breast cancer?

Back 14

Ashkenazi Jews have a greater incidence of breast cancer than any other ethnic group – gene that predisposes them to familial breast cancer.
White women have a greater incidence than non-white women.
African American women have lower survival rate than white women

Front 15

What are some risk factors for breast cancer?

Back 15

Female Sex: Age > 50
Personal history of breast cancer
Mutation of the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
First degree relative with breast cancer
Previous biopsy with atypical hyperplasia
Previous breast irradiation
Menstruation before age 12
Menopause after age 50

Front 16

What are lifestile related risk factors for cancer?

Back 16

*Nulliparity or first child after age 50
*Recent oral contraceptive use
*Postmenopausal hormone therapy
*Not breast feeding
*Alcohol intake > or = to1 drink daily
*Obesity and high fat diet
*Physical inactivity

Front 17

What are some questions to ask?

Back 17

1)Any pain or tenderness in the breasts? (Mastalgia)
2)Ever noticed a lump or thickening in the breast?
3)Discharge? (Galactorrhea)
4)Any rash? Puckering? 5)Dimpled?
6)Swelling?
7)Have you been taught self breast exam?
8)Ever had a mammography?

Front 18

What is Mastalgia?

Back 18

Any pain or tenderness in the breasts?

Front 19

What is discharge from the breast?

Back 19

Galactorrhea

Front 20

When is a mamogram normally performed?

Back 20

Women age 40 +-should have annual mammogram and CBE yearly

Front 21

What is Paget's dz?

Back 21

Unilateral, indiqutive of intraductal carsinoma

Front 22

What is Peau d'orange?

Back 22

Lymphatic obstruction

Front 23

What is mastitis?

Back 23

Inflamation of the breast: swelling, red, tendernes

Front 24

What is niple retraction?

Back 24

flat and braud niple

Front 25

What is niple invertion?

Back 25

niple pulled in a sulcus

Front 26

What is the aprouch to physically assesing the breast?

Back 26

1) Inspection
2) Palpation (vertical, wedge, circular)=light medium and deep
3)

Front 27

When assessing positioning of the breast what is done?

Back 27

1)Put hands on hips
2) hands over head
3) supine with pillow undeer shoulder

Front 28

What is the toos used to assess the breast?

Back 28

small pillow or towel, ruler, gloves, slide, and culture slide

Front 29

When inspecting the breast what is inspected?

Back 29

Breasts: size, shape, symmetry, color, lesions, venous pattern, dimpling, or retraction

Front 30

Whaen inspecting the nipple and areola what is inspected?

Back 30

nipple position and direction; discharge

Front 31

When inspecting the axillae what is looked at?

Back 31

color, lesions, rashes

Front 32

When palpating the breast what is palpated?

Back 32

consistency, masses, tenderness

Front 33

When palpating the lymph nodes wich ones is palpated?

Back 33

axillary, epitrochlear, and clavicular

Front 34

When palpating the niple what is palpated?

Back 34

elasticity, masses, tenderness, discharge

Front 35

What are the characteristics of masses?

Back 35

1)Size
2)Mobility
3)Consistency
4)Temperature
5)Shape
6)Tenderness
7)Delimitation
8)Redness

Front 36

What are some benign breast dz?

Back 36

1)Swelling and Tenderness
2)Mastalgia
3)Nodularity
4)Dominant Lumps
5)Infections and inflammation