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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skeletal system
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framework protects our organs & allows us to move
*produces blood cells (hematopisis) |
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muscular system
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movement through contraction of its cells
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cartilage
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connective tissue(nose,ear,trachea,larynx)
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tendons
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attach muscle to bone
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ligaments
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bone to bone
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long bones,short bones, irregular bones,flat bones
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long = upper/lower
short-wrist/ankle irregular=spinal cord,jaw flat= thin: ribs,skull, scapula |
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crepitus(assessment of the bones)
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moving a joint,crunching sound due to over use of a joint
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ball and socket joint
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rounded head fits into cup like cavity of another bone
*shoulder,hip |
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condyloid joint
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oval head one bone fit shallow cavity of another
* wrist |
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gliding joint
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carpal bones wrist, tarsal in feet
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hinge joint
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*elbow,knee
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pivot joint
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*proximal joints ulnar & radius
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saddle joint
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*between trapezium & thumb
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range of motion descriptions
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active
active assist passive |
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circumduction
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(ball & socket) : shoulder & hip. Circle
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dorsiflexion
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ankle:point toes toward head
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eversion & inversion
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sole of the foot: eversion: away from midline inversion: toward midline
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extension
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neutral position; straighten joint
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external rotations
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ball & socket; towards outside (knee out)
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flexion
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bend hinge joint
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hemiparesis
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side of weakness (one side not as strong as the other side) measured in "grips"
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hemiplegia
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side of paralysis
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internal rotation
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ball & socket joint in; knee pointed in
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normal muscle tone
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slight resistance
flacid: no tone @ all spastic: inc tone; feel like they're resisting you |
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paraplegia
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paralyzed waist down
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paresis
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weakness
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pronation
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face down,stomach down,palms down
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quadraplegia
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paralysis of arms & legs
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rotation
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turning on an exia; ball & socket
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supination
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on back. palms up
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Assessing Muscle strength
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1. shoulder flexion
2. elbow flexion & extension 3. wrist extension 4.grip 5.hip flexion 6.knee flexion & extension 7.ankle dosiflexion & plantar flexion |
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isotonic
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muscle shortening,active movement ex)running
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isometric
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muscle contraction w/o shortening. ex) contract quad muscle
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isokinetic
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muscle contraction w/resistance ex) lift weights
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inspection (objective physical examination)
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1. bilateral symmetry
2.joint deformities 3.spinal curvature (convex,concave) 4.ability to move (transfers,ambulation) |
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joint deformities
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a. contractures: shortening muscle from disuse
b.dislocation: full separation of a joint c.subluxation:partial separation of a joint |
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spinal curvature
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a.scoliosis-lateral curvature spine-school aged children
b.kyphosis-exaggerated roundness thoracic area (older population;hunchback) c.lordosis-exagerrated curvature lumbar spine(pregnancy) |
