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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors contributing to prematurity
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Medical and pregnancy history factors.
Current pregnancy problems. Socioeconomic factors. Daily habits or lifestyle factors. |
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Infants at INCREASED risk for cold stress
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SGA infants
Preterm infants Infants who suddenly become ill Any infant d/t large skin surface area/body weight If prolonged resuscitation is required |
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Neutal thermal environment
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An environment that allows the infant to expend the LEAST amount of energy in order to maintain a normal body temp.
(Minimal energy expenditure = lowest O2 consumption) |
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Infant response to cold stress
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Pulmonary vasoconstriction = incr. R to L Shunting = hypoxemia
Brown fat metab. = incr. O2 consumption Incr. movement & flexion = incr. O2 consumption Incr. metabolic rate = incr. O2 consumption Peripheral vasoconstriction = decr. O2 to tissues = hypoxia! |
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Interventions to reduce heat loss
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Preheat warmer, warm blankets, dry infant thoroughly, servo-control radiant warmer, cover the head, polyurethane bags for VLBW infants.
Servo-control radiant warmer, monitor temp., avoid drafts, delay the bath, pre-warm equipment, be alert to other sources of heat loss |
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Respiratory distress syndrome
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The major pulmonary problem occurring in the neonate.
The principle factor in the development of RDS is surfactant deficiency. Leads to atelectasis and loss of FRC |
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Surfactant
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Mixture of phospholipids & proteins found in mature alveoli. Reduces the surface tension within the alveoli
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Signs of respiratory distress
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Grunting, flaring, retractions
Rediographic Findings: fine reticulogranular pattern, air bronchograms |
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Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
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Careful administration of oxygen
Monitoring of blood gases Ventilator therapy Use of CPAP Thermoregulation, treatment of hypoglycemia Surfactant replacement |
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Antenatal steroids
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Have been shown to increase lung maturation. Given to mothers when preterm delivery is anticipated (2 doses Q12-24 hours apart)
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
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Chronic lung disease caused by oxygen toxicity and barotrauma/volutrauma resulting from pressure ventilation
Findings: Tachypnea, oxygen dependence, crackles, retractions; continue to require O2, CPAP. Most often in infants weighing <1500g @ birth |
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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More likely to develop BPD.
PDA symptoms: Murmer, active precordium, bounding peripheral pulses, tachypnea, widened pulse pressures, incr. respiratory support, pulmonary edema |
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Benefits of mother's milk
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resistance to infectious disease
enhanced immune system nutritional and growth benefitsreduced risk for chronic diseases developmental benefits improved maternal health socioeconomic benefits |
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Mother's milk as a "medicine" for VLBW
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Protects from handicapping and conditions specific to premature infants (infection, necrotizing enterocolitis)
Provides fatty acids to support brain and eye tissue development |
