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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some Anticonvulsants?
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Benzodiazepines!
-Ativan (drug of choice for staus epilepticus) -Dilantin -Cerebyx -Barbiturates -Depakote -Tegretol -Lamictal |
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Why is Dilantin so dangerous?
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-it can cause major side effects like arrhythmisa, hypotension, tissue damage.
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What is the normal rate for Dilantin?
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no faster than 50mg/min and can only be mixed with NS
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What should you monitor for when giving Dilantin?
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-drowsiness
-EKG -BP -n/v -slurred speech |
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Why is the anticonvulsant Barbiturate not used much anymore/
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because it can cause severe dec LOC, resp. depression, and hypotension
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Famous side effect of Tegretol
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bone marrow suppression (blood dyscrasias)-- dec in RBC, WBC, Platlets
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Famous side effect of Depakote
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liver dysfunction
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famous side effect of Lamictal
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severe rash
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Sympathetic NS (Adrenergic)
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-pupils-- inc
-heart-- inc/ strong (tachacardia) -lungs-- inc O2 (bronchodialate) -GI/GU-- dec |
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Parasympathetic NS (Cholinergic)
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*rest and digest!
-pupils- dec -heart- dec -lungs- dec -GI/GU- inc |
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Parkinson's is caused by a deficiency in ___
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Dopamine
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An excess of ACh in the CNS is a sign of ___
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Parkinson's
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Dopaminergic meds used for Parkinson's
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Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) *puts dopamine in the brain |
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Anticholinergic meds used for Parkinson's
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Benztropine (Congentin)
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What is the most famous side effect of Sinemet?
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orthostatic hypotension
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A decrease in ACh available at the NMJ is ___
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Myasthenis Gravis leading to muscle weakness
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What type of med is used for Myasthenis gravis?
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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How do Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors work?
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by stopping the metabolism of ACh so the muscles have time to react.
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Alzheimer's is a __ ___ in the CNS
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decresed ACh
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What type of meds are used to help with Alzhemier's?
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Acetycholinesterase inhibitors
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What do Antipsychotics do?
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inhibit dopamine
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What might happen if a (older) pt is on Antipsychotics for a long period of time?
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show symptoms of Parkinson's becasue of the low dopamine
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What do ALL Glaucoma meds do?
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decrese pressure in the anterior chamber
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Why might you want to use Miotics/diuretics and not Mydriatics when treating Glaucoma?
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-Miotics constrict the pupil which allows for the fluid to drain out.
-Mydriatics dialate the pupil which blocks the cannal from draing the fluid |
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If a pt has Glaucoma, what med should not be given and why?
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Anitcholinergic because it dialates the pupil = blocking the drainage
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What is the main purpose for administering Antihistamines?
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Dialate (this is why you get a runny nose)
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What do Antihistamines do?
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-relieve symptoms of allergies
-block the action of histamine as it is released during the inflammatory response to an antigen |
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What is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
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-Antihistamine used to treat mild allergic rxns.
-can cause significant drowsiness |
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What is the first generation antihistamine?
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-Benadryl
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What is the second generation antihistamine?
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-Claritan
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What is Loratadine (Claritan)?
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-Antihistamine
-non-drowsy |
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What do Decongestant drugs do?
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-decrese nasal congestion
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How does nasal decongestants work?
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by constricting the nasal arterioles, thereby decreasing the swelling (vasioconstrict)
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What happens when Decongestanta are taken orally?
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abosrbed in the body resulting increasing the chance of adverse rxns.
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What should be taken no more than 3 days?
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nasal spray decongestant
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Name some side effects with taking Sufafed.
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-anxiety
-restlessness -tremor -insomnia -tachycardia |
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How does Sufafed work?
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-decreasing the congestion by vasoconstricting nasal arteries.
-works through the SNS!! |
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Describe an Antitussive drug.
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-anti cough drug
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What does Antitussive drugs treat?
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-disorders of the URT and LRT that are accompanied by an uncomfortable non-productive cough
-coughing is nomally a protevtive mechaniam. |
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What do Expectorant drugs do?
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-liquefy LRT secretions
-this decreases the viscosity of the secretions and improves airflow. |
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What do Mucolytic drugs do?
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-break down mucous
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How can mucolytic drugs be administered?
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-a nebulizer or by direct instillation into the trachea
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What type of drug is usually reserved for pts who have major difficulty moblizing and coughing up secretions?
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Mucolytic drugs
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What are some allergic rxns associated with taking Mucomyst?
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-bronchospams
-bronchoconstriction |
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What is the treatment for an acute asthma attack?
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inhaled beta agonist
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How does Albuterol bronchodilate?
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by stimulating the SNS
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How does Ipratropium bronchodilate?
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by blocking the PNS
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What is effective for managing respiratory distress?
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Inhaled Glucocorticoid Steroids (ICS)
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What are ICS's (Fluticasone/Flovent) becoming a component of?
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-first-line treatment to prevent persistent asthma
-Fluticasone (Flovent) |
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What type of drugs do not work as fast as beta-agonist drugs?
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Xanthine Derivative
(Theophylline/Aminophylline) |
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What do you give INH with?
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Vit B6 (prevention/treatment of peripheral neuropathies)
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All TB meds can affect the ___
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liver!!
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What TB can cause vision problems?
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Ethambutol (Myambutol)
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Rifampin (Rifadin) can cause ____.
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the urine and tears to be colored red
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