Nsci Terms Chapter 10

Front 1

Joseph Priestly

Back 1

discovered oxygen supported life; Conducted experiments with oxygen and mice; OXYGEN COULD BE DEPLETED BY ORGANISM AND REPLENISHED BY A GREEN PLAN

Front 2

Antoine Lavoisier

Back 2

EXPERIMENT WITH SEALED FLASK HELPED HIM TO DETERMINE THAT OXYGEN WAS BEING USED TO BURN THE MATERIAL; DISCOVERED THAT NO MATTER WHAT THE MATERIAL - OXYGEN WAS NECESSARY FOR COMBUSTION AND THAT THE MASS REMAINED THE SAME

Front 3

Robert Boyle

Back 3

made investigations with gases, adopted that air was composed of small pieces; gaseous particles could spring back when compresses b/c corpuscles repelled each other

Front 4

Dmitri Mendeleev

Back 4

Proposed the basis for the modern classification scheme of the element

Front 5

John Dalton

Back 5

created atomic theory; compiled list of atom weights; proposed atomic interpretation of chemical changes, used model of atom to sketch diagrams of compounds to explain gas pressure and account for weight differences in material that entered during chemical reactions;

Front 6

Electron

Back 6

negatively charged elementary particle found outside the nucleus of all atoms and involved in all chemical bonding

Front 7

Proton

Back 7

positively charged elementary particle found in the nucleus of all atoms

Front 8

Neutron

Back 8

electrically neutral elementary particle found in the nucleus of most atoms

Front 9

Phlogiston

Back 9

substance believed by early chemists to be contained in all combustible materials and also in metals

Front 10

Combustion

Back 10

process of burning

Front 11

Compound

Back 11

a chemical combination of two or more elements

Front 12

Element

Back 12

substance that consists of only one kind of atom

Front 13

Periodic Table

Back 13

arrangement of elements in rows and columns, showing repeating characteristics

Front 14

Heterogeneous

Back 14

made up of parts that are different and are not uniformly distributed

Front 15

Homogeneous

Back 15

a mixture that is uniform throughout

Front 16

Atom

Back 16

smallest discrete unit of an element that possesses all properties of that element

Front 17

Ion

Back 17

atom or group of atoms that gained or lost electrons

Front 18

Isotope

Back 18

one of two or more atoms of an element that has the characteristic number of protons for that element and is unique in its number of neutrons

Front 19

Ionic Bond

Back 19

chemical bond that forms as the result of the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Front 20

Covalent Bond

Back 20

chemical bond that forms as a result of the sharing of electrons between two atoms

Front 21

Atomic Number

Back 21

the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

Front 22

Valence Electron

Back 22

electron in the outermost energy level of the atom

Front 23

Electron Dot Formula

Back 23

representation of an atom in which the atomic symbol is surrounded by dots that represent the number of valence electrons

Front 24

Chemical Symbol

Back 24

one, two, or three letter representation that stands for an element

Front 25

Chemical Formula

Back 25

identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecule of that compound

Front 26

Chemical Equation

Back 26

consists of the chemical formulas of the substances that are mixed (called the reactants), and the chemical formula of the substances that result from the chemical reaction (called the products)

Front 27

Metallic Bond

Back 27

bond that forms as a result of attractive forces among electron that are delocalized and many positively charge atomic nuclei

Front 28

Chemical Bond

Back 28

force holding two or more atoms together

Front 29

Chemical Property

Back 29

material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

Front 30

Physical Property

Back 30

any measurable property the value of which describes a physical system's state at any given moment in time

Front 31

Atomic Weight

Back 31

a weighted average of atomic weights of all known isotopes of the element

Front 32

Radioactivity

Back 32

spontaneous emission of radiation from an atom with accompanying changes in the atomic nucleus of that atom

Front 33

Half-Life

Back 33

time it takes for the disintegration of half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample

Front 34

Alpha Particle

Back 34

grouping of 2 protons and 2 neutrons that is emitted from the nucleus in some nuclear reaction

Front 35

Beta Particle

Back 35

electron that is emitted from the nucleus in some nuclear reactions

Front 36

Inorganic Chemistry

Back 36

contains elements other than carbon (there are a few exceptions)

Front 37

Organic Chemistry

Back 37

contains carbon