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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele
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an alternative version of a gene
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biopsychology
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the branch of psychology that studies the relationships between behavior and the body, particularly the brain.
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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a double-stranded chain of chemical molecules that looks like a ladder that has been twisted around itself; genes are composed of DNA
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dominant
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the term referring to a gene that will produce its effect regardless of which gene it is paired with in the fertilized egg.
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dualism
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the idea that the mind and the brain are separate.
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embryo
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an organism in the early prenatal period; in humans, during the first 8 weeks.
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empiricism
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the procedure of obtaining information through observation.
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equipotentiality
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the idea that the brain functions as a whole; opposite of localization.
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fetus
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an organism after the initial prenatal period;in humans, after the first 8 weeks.
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gene
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the biological unit the directs cellular processes and transmits inherited characteristics.
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genome
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the entire collection of genes in a species' chromosomes.
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genotype
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the combination of genes an individual has.
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heritability
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the percentage of the variation among individuals in a characteristic that can be attributed to heredity.
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heterozygous
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having a pair of genes for a specific characteristic that are different from each other.
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homozygous
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having a pair of genes for a specific characteristic that are identical with each other.
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Human Genome Project
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An international project with the goal of mapping the location of all the genes on the human chromosomes and determining the base sequences of their genes.
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localization
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The idea the specific parts of the brain carry out specific functions.
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materialistic monism
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the view that the body and the mind and everything else are physical.
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mind-brain problem
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the issue of what the mind is and its relationship to the brain.
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model
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a proposed mechanism for how something works.
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monism
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the idea that mind and the body consist of the same substance
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natural selection
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the principle that those whose genes endow them with greater speed, intelligence, or health are more likely to survive and transmit their genes to more offspring.
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nature versus nurture
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the issue of the relative importance of heredity and environment.
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neuroscience
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the multidisciplinary study of the nervous system and its role in behavior.
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phenotype
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in heredity, the characteristic of the individual.
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phrenology
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the theory in the early 1900s that "faculties" of emotion and intellect were located in the precise areas of the brain and could be assessed by feeling bumps on the skull.
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polygenic
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determined by several genes rather than a single game.
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recessive
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the term referring to a gene that will have an influence only when it is paired with the same recessive gene on the other chromosome.
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vulnerability
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the idea that genes produce susceptibility to a disorder and that environmental challenges may combine with a person's biological susceptibility to exceed the threshold required to produce the disorder.
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X-linked
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In heredity, a condition in which a gene on the x-chromosome is not paired with a gene on the shorter y-chromosome, so that a single recessive gene is adequate to produce a characteristic.
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zygote
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a fertilized egg.
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