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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the new clinical sign of inflammation? What are the 4 original signs?
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loss of FXN, reddess, heat, pain, swelling
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What is the first event of inflammation?
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changes in blood flow--this gives you heat and reddess
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What is the 2nd event of inflammation?
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Permeability changes--this causes swelling and pain
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In inflammation, white cells break down and release ___?
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phospholipids
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phospholipids break down into ____?
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prostaglandins
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what is the enzyme that cleaves phospholipids to produce arachidonic acid?
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Phospholipase A2
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Steriods inhibit what enzyme?
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phospholipase A2
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NSAIDS block which enzyme?
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Cyclo-oxygenase
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_____ and ____ block the Cox pathway.
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aspirin and acetaminophen
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What are the 4 products of prostaglandins?
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1- PGE2
2- PGF2 3- PGI2 4- TxA2 |
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PGE2 causes ___ and ____ and _____?
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vasodilation, pain sensitizstion, and gastric cytoprotection
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PGF2 causes ___ and ___?
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bronchoconstriction and uterine contraction
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PGI2 causes ___ and _____?
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Inhibition of platelet aggregation, and gastric cytoprotection
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TxA2 causes _____?
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platelet aggregation
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What is a side effect of a drug that blocks PGE2?
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gastric ulcers (no more gastric cytoprotection)
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What can baby aspirin be used to treat? What "kind of " drug is this?
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High blood pressure. It is an anti-platelet aggregation drug.
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What are the 3 things that COX-1 causes?
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1- cytoprotection of GI
2- platelet activity 3- renal function |
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If someone has a gastric ulcer, but they need some sort of anti-inflammatory drug, what would you give them? why?
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COX-2 inhibitor, b/c this will block pain and fever-but will not bother the platelet activity of the gut.
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THe first NSAID discovered was ____?
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Salicylate
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The ______ profile will determine what is the best drug to ues.
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side effect
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Is acetaminophen an anti-inflammatory drug.
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NO NO NO!!!
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For what purpose is acetaminophen used for?
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fever and pain
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Why do we not use aspirin in kids?
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It could cause Reyes syndrome
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Glucocorticoids block ____?
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phospholipase
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NSAIDS block _____.
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COX 1 and 2
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What are 4 effects of NSAIDS?
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1- anti-inflammatory
2- analgesics 3- antipyretic 4- decrease platelet formation |
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What are 2 side effects of NSAIDS?
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GI intolerance and ulceration (it has been known to cause dizziness and confusion and bronchoconstriction)
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What are the 3 symptoms of aspirin overdose?
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1-ringing in the ears
2- increased heart rate 3- you stop breathing |
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How is PGE so gastroprotective?
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it enhances bicarbonate secretion and blood flow. It promotes mucus secretion and epithelial cell growth.
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What are 5 renal association problems with NSAIDS?
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1- Na retention
2- HTN 3- hyperkalemia 4- decreased blood flow 5- interstitial nephritis |
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Name 5 nonselective COX inhibitors.
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1- aspirin
2- acetaminophen 3- indomethacin 4- ibuprofen 5- naproxen |
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Which NSAID has the shortest half life?
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aspirin
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Desribe the tricky half life if aspirin.
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The antipyretic effect is gone in 4 hours but the acetyl part( anti-platelet) lasts for about 8-10 days.
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Aspirin is a non-selective ______ inhibitor of COX.
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irreversible
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Ibuprofen is a _____ inhibitor of COX.
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reversible
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Ibuprofen is found in which 2 common OTC drugs?
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1- motrin
2- advil |
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___ doses of ibuprofen produce analgesic but not anti-inflammatory effects.
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low
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T or F: selective COX-2 inhibitors are 300X more selective for COX-2 than COX-1?
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True
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Name 3 names of selective COX-2 inhibitors.
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1- Celebrex
2- Vioxx 3- Bextra |
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Why were some selective COX-2 inhib itors pulled off of the market?
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They cause increased thrombotic events.
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