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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Health Promotion Strategies?
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Screening, Self-Care for Minor Ilnesses, Readiness for Emergencies, management of Chronic Diseases, environmental changes for better health.
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Wellness-Illness Paradigm
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Helath as a dichotomy. High level wellness is a sense of well being. Negative end is adaptations to disease/disability.
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Perspective Developmental Paradigm
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Expanding conciousness, pattern or meaning recognition, self-actualization.
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Ecological Model of Health
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promotes health at a individual, societal, family, and community level.
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History of Health in 1940's
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Health=Absence of Disease. Governements establish a spot in healthcare. Primary care providers are seen in a private office.
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History of Health 1940's-1950's
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Health=societal role performance. Health physicals were performed. PCP is in a hospital setting. Funding for hospital expansion and welfare.
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History of health from 1960's - Present
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Incredible changes in health care delivery. APNs are more common and families are involved in care planning for the individual. Death from disease had reached its lowest point. Health= individuals reaction to the environment. It was the individuals responsibility for their own health.
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Clinical Model of Health
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Absence of illness by the s/s of disease. People may not seek medical attention or may wait until very ill to receive care.
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Role-Performance Model of Health
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The individuals perception of health defined by the ability to perform social roles. Includes work, family, and social roles. Basis for occupations health evaluations and physicals for fitness. ideal of the "sick role"
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Adaptive Model of Health
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Adjusting positively to changes in the measure of health. Illness occurs when you are not able to adapt to changes.
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Eudaimonistic Model of Health
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Exuberant well being indicates an optimal level of health. The quality of ones life is determined by thier health. A person with cancer can have a better life if they have come to terms with their illness. Illness is described by lack of involvement in life.
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Functioning
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loss of function can be a sign or symptom of disease and may need nursing intervention
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Disease
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Failure of adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses adequately.
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Illness
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A subjective experience of the individual and manifestation of disease.
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Healthy People 2010
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Two major goals: 1) increase quality of life and longevity
2) eliminate health disparities. |
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Ethnocentrism
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thinking that one culture is dominant over another. Nursing need to be aware of other cultures and not to lead to a devaluing of beliefs.
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Empathy
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allowing to Put yourself in another persons position or viewpoint.
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Two major health disparities
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Money and education.
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Primary Prevention
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Precedes disease or dysfunction. There is health promotion and specific protection. Both active and passive health promotions.
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Primary Promotion: Health Promotion
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Focuses on Health education, good nutrition, sex education, selective examinations.
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Primary Prevention: Specific Protection
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Immnizations, reduce exposure to carcinogens, personal hygiene, avoidance of allergens
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Transtheoretical Model
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Pre contemplative, Contemplative, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.
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Active Health Promotion
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Focuses more on the individual becoming personally involved in health promotion. Examples include: activities and stress management.
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Passive Health Promotion
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Individual as an inactive participant. Examples include: putting vitamin D in all milk, environmental sanitation, public health efforts.
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Secondary Prevention
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Focuses on screening and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability.
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Tertiary Prevention
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Restoration and Rehabilitation. Examples: use of sheltered colonies, education on remaining capacities. Purpose of nurse is to make sure they can still have a good quality of life given their condition.
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Advocate
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Nurses role in helping individuals get the best care they can receive from the health care system because that is what they are entitled too. Cost containment and coordination of resources is the nurses job.
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Care Manager
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Nurses role is to oversee the patient to make sure there is no duplication of care, unproven care, ineffective care. also helps in reducing costs of treatment. FACILITATING COMMUNICATION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PURPOSE OF THE CARE MANAGER.
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Consultant
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Nurses role is knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention. Examples would be a nurse specialist.
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NINR four themes of research
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1) promoting health and preventing disease 2) improving quality of life 3) eliminating health disparities 4) setting directions for end-of-life research.
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Vulnerable Populations
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Older adults
children AIDS patients Chronically Ill People who dont speak english minorities poor uninsured mentally ill substance abusers |
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WHO's purpose
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Gather data of mortality and morbidity on an international level.
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What is the country with longest life expectancy? Both males and females
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Sweeden for males and France for Females
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What is the highest and lowest country for infant mortality?
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Highest is Mexico and lowest is Sweden.
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Early influences of Health History
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Holistic view of health. Absence of disease was healthy. More mystical views of health.
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Industrial Influences of Health
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Adequate food supply. Sanitary engineering was invented. People were living longer.
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Socioeconomic Influences.
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People were viewed as healthy if they lived up to their roles in society. Health was based upon SES and you were the sole provider for your own health.
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Scientific Influences
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Foundings of bacteria, germs, sepsis, chemotherapy. Sulfonomides and antibiotics were formed which made disease at an all time low.
MRSA and antibiotic resistant organisms are now present with diseases coming back now such as whooping cough. |
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Private Sector
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Primary Care provider
insurances Fee-for-service |
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Nursing Centers
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Example Walgreens. A nurse oversees patients. Usually an NP. APNs became popular.
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Managed Care Centers
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PCP as gatekeeper.
Cost-containment achieved by decreasing hospital stays and limiting referrals to specialists. |
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HMO's (Health Management Organization)
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Private Sector
Individual receives care when they prepay a fixed fee. |
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IPA's (Independent Practice Associations)
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Like an HMO but see patient in a private office to eliminate the expense.
Composed of independent physicians in solo or group practices. |
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Concierge Medical Practice
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Patients pay a high membership fee to have an on-call physician. Usually for people with high SES.
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Hospitalist Movement
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Group of physicians with care focused on hospital clients. Reduces the hospital stay, cost per case, readmission rate, mortaility rates.
May cause lack of rapport with patients, physician burnout, and long term funding. |
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POS plans (Point-of-Service)
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Moving to an out of network care facility which has an additional fee and higher copayment. You have more consumer choice.
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PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)
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Used for a discounted fee for a service. Must need preauthorization before being hospitalized.
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Source of Power
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10th Amendment. Stating that what isn't in the constitution, power gets to go to the state over a federal government.
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Local Level of Government
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Health Departments.
First line of access and health responsibility of the population that it serves. |
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State level of govt
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Public health services. Chief Administrator is health officer.
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Federal level of govt
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responsible for health protection of its citizens
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Chief Nursing Officer
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serves U.S public health service and provides adivice with the U.S surgeon general and nursing.
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Military Health Systems
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at federal level
health for department of defense health care for active duty. |
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Wounded warrior care
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used when a soilder is severely wounded.
a decision has to be made whether the soldier can remain in active duty. |
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Americans with disabilites
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An act made to protect from discrimination with employees and provision of services to people that are disabled.
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Patient Self-Determination Act
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Used to give directives to health care officials and give individual the decision about life-sustaining treatment and that patients are aware of their legal rights.
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HIPAA
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safegaurds to protect patients confidential information such as medical records which include paper, electronic, and oral communications.
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International Level
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WHO's purpose is to give guidance in the field of health, setting global standards with health, cooperating with governments in strengthening nation health programs, develop and transferring technology, information, and standards.
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Voluntary agencies
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Not for profit agencies.
Examples include: American Cancer Society |
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Capitation System
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Each provider receives a flat annual fee no matter the amount of services used.
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Traditional Insurance Company
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BC/BS
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Medicare
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Title XVIII
Used for people over the age of 65 or severely disabled, hospice, or at end-stage renal failure. Pay taxes Parts A,B,C,D. |
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Medicaid
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Title XIX
Used for people who are at "certain income levels". Only available for five years or until you get back on your feet. AKA Welfare Paid by federal and state government. |
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COBRA
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A fee available to cover the gap of young adults trying to find a job with employee benefits.
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Canadian Health Care
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Universal health care
Everyone has insurance but the rich can pay for supplement care. |
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German Health CAre
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Have sickness funds available. The wealthy have no insurance and the higher up SES can get private insurance. The person with most money receives better care.
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Nurses role in healthcare reform
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To be an advocate and lobbyist.
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CAGE test
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detect alcohol dependency in pregnant women but is not a sensitive enough measure for some women.
C-Considered cutting down A-Annoyed by criticism. G-felt guilty about drinking E-used alcohol as an eye opener |
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T-ACE test
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T- How many drinks does it take you to make you feel high
A-Have you been annoyed by people criticizing your drinking C-Have you ever felt that you need to CUT down on your drinking E-Have you ever had a drink in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover. Provides a much more sensitive measure. |
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Nursing Diagnoses
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includes life processes as well as potential health problems.
created by NANDA Focuses on developmental and maturational tasks. |
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Health Perception-Health Management of Individual
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Individuals perception of health and health practices.
Use of health care system knowledge of health service availability. health-seeking behavior patterns. |
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Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern of individual
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Center on nutrient intake and metabolic needs.
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Elimination Pattern
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include bowel, urine, skin function. Determine regularity, quality, and quantity.
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Activity-Exericse Pattern
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Centers on activity level, exercise programs, leisure activities.
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Sleep-rest pattern
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perception of adequacy of sleep and relaxation
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cognitive-perceptual pattern
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ability of the individual to understand and follow directions, retain information, make decisions, solve problems.
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Self perception-self concept pattern
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encompasses each individuals personal identity, goals, emotional patterns and feelings.
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Roles-relationship pattern
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position assumed and the associations engaged in by the individual that are connected to that position.
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Sexual-reproduction pattern
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individuals sexual self-concept, sexual functioning, methods of intimacy.
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coping-stree tolerance pattern
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depiction of general coping and to effectively manage stress.
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Values-Beleifs pattern
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includes individuals values, beliefs, and goals as it relates to health.
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The nursing process
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Collecting Data
analyze data identifies a nursing diagnosis projects outcomes prescribes interventions evaluates effectiveness. |
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Collection of Data- Nurse process
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see whether health problems exist and to identify health goals.
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Dysfunctional
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a deviation from established norms or from the individuals previous condition or goals
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Potentially dysfunctional
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you are at risk for a dysfunction when making a nursing diagnosis.
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Planning care- nursing process
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a diagnosis-specific treatment to assist the individual towards the goal, desired outcome, of optimal health.
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Implementing- nursing proces
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completion of the action necessary to fulfill goals for optimal health
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Evaluation- nursing process
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analyzing changes experienced by the individual. relationship between nursing actions and the individuals goal achievement.
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Wellness task for infancy stage
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psychomotor skills
learning about function of health learning social and emotional responsiveness to others. |
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welness task for early childhood stage
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learn about hygeine
learn about safety and accidents refine psychomotor skills learning about proper foods, nutrition, and exercise |
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wellness task for late childhood
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learning about self-concept
learning about cooperation and competition learning about responsibilities |
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wellness task for early adolescence
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risk taking consequences
physiological needs learning health is an important value |
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wellness tasks for adolescence
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economic responsibilities
responsibilites for yourself and others reconciling discrepencies in heatlh commitment to others accepting self and physical development learning to cope with life events and stresses considering life goals and career plans |
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Early adulthood
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Establishing a career
settling down with a mate incorporating health in lifestyle |
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Family
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set of interacting individuals related by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption.
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Systems Theory
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behaviors and family members responses influence patterns.
Family structure- family composition such as roles and relationships family function- energy exchange between family and environment. |
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Developmental Perspective
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Each family performs a task in a unique expression of its personality.
Success at one stage is dependent upon success at an earlier stage. provide opportunities for families to realize their potential. |
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Risk Factor Perspective
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lifestyle, biological, environmental, social, psychological,health care system.
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Ecomap
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uses pictorial techniques to document family organizational patterns.
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Genogram
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family diagram that represents the family based on identification data the depicts each member of the family with connections between the generations.
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Nursing role with a couple stage
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Genectic screening
teaching on family planning teaching parenting skills |
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Nursing role with childbearing children
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Prenatal care
pediactric services supervisor of immunizations |
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Greatest oppurtunity to improve health is?
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adressing unhealthy personal behavioral risk factors.
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Goals of health education
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help individuals, families, and communities achieve optimal states of health through their own actions and initiatives.
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Empowerment
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People are more likely to change behavoirs if they know they can make a difference in health.
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Health belief model
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used to predict and explain health behavior
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Social learning theory
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Self-efficacy- being capable of performing behavior to influence your own health
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Teaching Plan
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Assesment
Development of learning outcomes Devleopment of teaching plan implemetation of teaching plan evaluation of teaching plan |
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assessment
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determining the characteristics of the learner and identifying learning needs.
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Learning goals
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best established when the student and nurse work together
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learning objectives
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indicate steps to be taken by the individual toward meeting a goal
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Levels of learning
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Knowledge
Comprehension application analysis Synthesis Evaluation |
