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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
_______is a fibrous protective sac enclosing the heart
_______is the inner layer of the pericardium
________is the heart muscle itself
________is the smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of the heart
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
______ recieves blood from systemic circulation, from the superior and inferior vena cavae
right atrium
______recieves blood from the RA and pumps blood via the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation; low-pressure pulmonary pump
right ventricle
_____recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and the four pulmonary veins
left atrium (LA)
_____recieves blood from the LA and pumps blood via the aorta throughout the entire systemic circulation; the high pressure systemic pump.
left ventricle (LV)
_____prevent backflow of blood into atria during ventricular systole; name the two valves
atrioventricular valves
- tricuspid (R heart valve)
- bicuspid (L heart valve) aka mitral valve
______prevents backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole; name the two valves
semilunar valves
- pulmonary valve: R backflow
- aortic valve: L backflow
______is the period of ventricular contraction. End _______volume is about ____mL
systole
systolic
50
_____is the period of ventricular relaxation and filling of blood. End ________ volume is about ________mL
diastole
diastolic
120
________supplies blood to the RA, most of the RV, and in most individuals the inferior wall of the LV, AV node, and bundle of His; 60% of the time supplies the SA node
Right coronary artery (RCA)
________supplies blood to most of the LV and has two main division:
Left coronary artery (LCA)
- left anterior descending (LAD)
- circumflex (Circ.)
_______supplies blood to the LV and the intraventricular septum, and in most individuals, the inferior areas of the apex; it may also give off branches to the RV
left anterior descending (LAD)
________supplies blood to the lateral and inferior walls of the LV and portions of the LA; 40% of the time supplies the SA node
circumflex (Circ.)
_________are specialized conducting material of the heart that allows for rapid transmission of electrical impulses in the myocardium
purkinje fibers
__________ is located the junction of the superior vena cava and the R atrium; main pacemaker of the heart, initiats the impulse; has both SNS and PNS innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
___________is located at the junction of the RA and RV; has both PNS and SNS innervation; merges with the bundle of His.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
___________branches of the AV node are located on either side of the intraventricular septum and terminate into purkinje fibers
Right and left bundle
Conduction through the heart starts at the _______,spreads to both atria; which contract together; stimulates the ________, is transmitted down the ________ to the purkinje fibers; the impulse then spreads throughout both ventricles which contract together.
SA node
AV node
bundle of His
Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular compromise include:
chest pain
fatigue
palpitations
dizziness
edema
Impaired fasting glucose values would be > or = to:
110 mg/dL
Obesity is defined by a BMI > or = to ______, or a waist girth > _______cm
30 kg/m2
100
Ideal HDL levels are >:
60 mg/dL
Pulses should be palpated for ___sec for a normal rythym and ____minutes for irregular.
30
1-2
Palpating the 5th interspace near the midclavicular line is a description of?
apical pulse
Radial pulse is taken at the?
base of the thumb
Carotid pulse is taken between the trachea and the ____?
SCM
Brachial pulse is taken on the _____side of the antecubital fossa.
medial
Normal HR is ____bpm and ranges from _____bpm.
70
60-80
A newborn's HR averages ___ bpm and ranges_____bpm.
120
70-170
> 100 bpm is considered?
tachycardia
Bradycardia is considered < ___ bpm?
60
Irregular pulse may be due to?
arrhythmias or myocarditis
Weak, thready pulse is indicative of?
low stroke volume and cardiogenic shock
Bounding full pulse is indicative of?
shortened ventricular systole and decreased peripheral pressure; aortic insufficiency
Auscultate the aortic valve at the ___ ____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
2nd right
sternal border
Auscultate the pulmonic valve at ___ ____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
2nd left
sternal border
Auscultate the tricuspid valve at the ___ ____ intercostal space at the ___ _____.
4th left
sternal border
Auscultate the mitral valve at the ___ _____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
5th left
midclavical area
The "lub" sound signifies the ___ sound from normal closure of the ____ and ____ valves; marks the beginning of?
S1
mitral and tricuspid
systole-dec w/ first-degree heart block
The "dub" sound signifies the ___ sound from normal closure of the ____ and ____ valves; marks the end of?
S2
pulmonic and aortic
systole- dec w/ aortic stenosis
Murmurs that fall between S1 and S2, aka systole indicate?
valvular disease (aka mitral valve prolapse) or can be normal
Murmurs that fall b/t S2 and S1, aka diastole indicate?
valvular disease
Grade 1 is the softest audible murmur, ______is audible w/ stethescope off the chest.
grade 6
A _____ is an abnormal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur; felt on palpation.
thrill
A ______ is an abnormal rythm defined by three sounds in each cycle.
gallop rythm
Bruits are adventitious (blowing) sounds that are indicative of?
atherosclerosis - common at the carotid and femoral aa.
Occurs soon after S2, indicative of (LV) congestive heart failure?
S3
Occurs just before S1, and may indicate CAD, MI, aortic stenosis, or chronic HTN?
S4