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6 Cards in this Set

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1. Name the 2 major family groups of extended spectrum penicillins:
Aminopenicillins and anti-pseudomonal penicillins.
2. List the members within each family:
Members of aminopenicillin family
a. Amoxicillin and ampicillin: they are both active against bacteria that cause oral facial infections  gram + cocci and Gram + bacilli, also gram – bacteria  haemophilus influenza. However benefits of aminopicillins are not that big to prefer them over penicillin for oral-facial infections

Member of anti-pseudomonal family: They are high ptent agents given intravenously when you are hospitalized. They are very active against some of the nastiest gm negative organisms that the amoxicillins do not approach. HCWs will be more likely to use these first because they are bactericidal, rather than go to bacteriostatic ATB. They are:

a. Ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin)
b. Piperacillin
c. Piperacillin and tazobactam (Zosyn)
3. For Timentin – list generic name, use, the effect of the clavulanate component and dose form.
Ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium

Use: Treatment of infections of lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and skin structures, bone and joint, and septicemia caused by susceptible organisms.

Clavulanate expands activity of ticarcillin to include beta-lactamase producing strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, Bacteriodes species, and some other gram-negative bacilli.

IV administration.
4. For piperacillin – what is use and how is administered
Use ( including bacterial strains susceptible to piperacillin actions): Treatment of susceptible infections such as septicemia, acute and chronic respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and UTI’s due to susceptible strains of Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter; against some streptococci and some anaerobic bacteria; febrile neutropenia (as part of combination regimen

Given IV and IM
5. For Zosyn, list generic name, purpose of the tazobactam, and how administered.
piperacillin and tazobactam sodium

Use: Treatment of moderate to severe infections caused by susceptible organisms, including infections of the lower respiratory tract (community-acquired pneumonia, nosocomial pneumonia); Urinary Tract; uncomplicated and complicated skin and skin structures; gynecologic (endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease); bone and joint infections; intra-abdominal infections (appendicitis with rupture/abscess, peritonitis); and septicemia.

Tazobactam expands activity of piperacillin to include beta-lactamase producing strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, Bacteriodes, and other gram-negative Bacteria.

Mechanism of action – similar to the penicillins. Tazobactam inhibits many beta-lactamases, including staphylococcal penicillinase and Richmond and Sykes types II, III, IV, and V, including extended spectrum enzymes; it has only limited activity against class I beta-lactamases other than class Ic types.

Given IV
6. What is the overall antibacterial mechanism for the extended spectrum penicillin antibiotics?
a. Mechanism of action of extended spectrum penicillins: Surface structures of Gm – bacteria are more complex than gram + and have an outer membrane adjacent to the bacterial cell wall which is impenetrabe to some antibiotics such as penicillin VK. Extended spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins can diffuse through aqueous channels called porins. Once diffused the extended spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit penicillin binding proteins to block the cell wall synthesis.