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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fexofenadine (Allegra)
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First of these nondrowsy antihistamines was called Seldane (terfenadine) in 1985.
antihistamine + pseudoephedrine HCl. Does not have typical sedating effects of other anti-histamines. 35 million in US suffer from seasonal allergies. IgE antibodies bind to Mast cells and when the Ag binds to the complex of IgE and mast cell the second exposure—the mast cell instantly degranulates to release histamine. Antihistamine blocks the histamine H1 receptor on target cells from the histamine molecule. Non-sedating antihistamines have selective binding to peripheral receptors which don’t have CNS effects on central H1 receptors. |
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Erythropoetin (Epoetin Alfa)
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It is a glycoprotein.
In infants EPO is produced mostly in liver. Human EPO first isolated and purified from urine. When used for athlete's, it can cause hyperviscosity (thickened blood), raising risk for heart attacks and strokes. naturally occurring primary regulator of erythrocytes by stimulating bone marrow stem cells. Production is stimulated by reduced oxygen content in the arterial blood of the kidneys (shortly after birth) . Used to treat anemia in those with primary kidney failure, HIV who take AZT, and cancer chemotherapy a. Darbepoetin—anemia drug; developed with carbohydrate chains which increase activity, slow clearance and reduce dosing requirements b. Often misused by endurance athletes due to 5-15% boost in performance c. Can also be naturally produced in high altitudes |
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Fluoride
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caries prevention observed in 1901. Many argue that it is forced medication; however it is a great source for those who cannot afford dental care.
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Hydrocortisone
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used as an anti-inflammatory intravenously, IM, orally, or topically. Lessens the body’s response to an allergen and reduces swelling, redness, and itching. Prevents WBCs from reaching site of injury which reduces swelling and also reduces ability to fight infection.
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Oxytocin
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Originally tested on a cat -> its uterus contracted. Exists unchanged in all mammals.
produced in the hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary. Used to induce labor by stimulating uterine muscle contractions. Also stimulate the release of mother’s milk gland from “let-down” effect. Pitocin or Syntocinon are synthetic names. Also administered to prevent post-partum hemorrhage. Also found to have roles in the brain, ovaries, testicles, heart, and blood vessels. Levels also spike during both male and female orgasms. . Levels can encourage urination, decrease blood pressure and speed wound healing a. Reduces anxiety, increases pain threshold and reduces depression b. Difficult to administer—peptide and cannot be orally administered |
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Cimetidine (Tagamet)
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duodenal and gastric ulcers, heart burn associated with acid reflux. It is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist which regulates gastric acid production from parietal cells. The drug reduces the volume and acidity of gastric fluids. Has been recently replaced by proton pump inhibitors in treating peptic ulcers
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Thalidomide
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Original brand name: Contergan (Germany). Tried for reapplication in US under name Kevadon.
Frances Oldham Kelsey worked at FDA and derailed its approval in US. teratogenic effect which caused stronger drug regulation; originally used to treat insomnia and nausea with pregnancy. Those taken while pregnant gave birth to babies with gross deformities. Was not approved in U.S. only Europe. Caused development of Kefauver- Harris Drug Amendments by JFK in Oct 1962. Actually has anti-inflammatory effects easing erythema nodosum leprosum- Hansen’s disease—Approved as Thalomid to treat this condition with severe restrictions. Only certain personnel can prescribe and cannot be given to female without negative pregnancy test and must use 2 forms of contraception while treated with Thalomid a. Also can be used to treat cancer—may be used for MULTIPLE MYELOMA b. Also in clinical trials for aphthous ulcers in AIDs patients |
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Thyroxine (Tetraiodothyronine, T4)
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Has 4 iodines
Iodine deficiency leads to goiter. Hashimoto's is AI that causes thyroid to underproduce thyroxine. metabolism regulator which influence carb metabolism, protein synthesis and breakdown, and cardiovascular, renal and brain function. In infants w/o—cretinism (mental and physical retardation). Adults who are hypothyroid—mental slowness, weight gain, depression, fatigue. Produced in thyroid and may be deficient when iodine deficient. . Graves’ disease—don’t produce T4 at all a. Synthroid—Abbott laboratories (brand thyroxine)—second most prescribed drug in US b. T3 is synthesized from T4 supply |
