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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What would a gram stain of Gonareaha show
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gram negative diplococci
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What is dyspareunia and what are some causes
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painful coitus
vaginismus atrophic vaginitis |
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What is the typical rash of Toxic shock
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Involves torso but spares the palms and the soles of the feet
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What is a gram positive catalase-neg bacitracin-resistant cocci
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strep
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Describe a Bartholin’s Cysts
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swelling of Bartholin’s gland base of labia majora
May be assoc, with PID, GC Tx: Antibiotic, surgical marsupialization |
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Describe Vulvar Dystrophy/Leukoplakia
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Inflammation
Opaque, white scaly plaque, Biopsy to find cause |
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Describe Lichen Sclerosus/Chronic Atrophic Vulvovaginitis
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Post - menopause,
Skin parchment like, vaginal mucosa thinned Dryness, discomfort Tx: Testosterone topically, hormone balancing May need Bx. |
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What does the “chandelier” sign indicate
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Acute Cervicitis
Can be caused by GC, Chlamydia, Trichomonas are common organisms Hx: may include STD, Trauma, Surgery… |
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What is cervical cancer associated with
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Cervical Cancer: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33
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What must you r/o in the case of bleeding post coitus
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Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Most are asymptomatic (bleeding post intercourse can be a common sign).
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What should be avoided 24 hours prior to a PAP smear
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Do not use tampons 24 hours before your Pap
Do not have intercourse 24 hours before your Pap Do not douche or use vaginal medicines 24 hours before your Pap |
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What is Menorrhagia
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Excessive uterine bleeding occurring at the expected intervals of the menstrual periods.
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What is Metrorrhagia
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Uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods.
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What is Menometrorrhagia
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Excessive uterine bleeding, both at the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals
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What is on the DDX for oligomenorrhea
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PCOS
Hypothyroidism Hyperprolactinemia 1ary or 2ary ovarian failure Sheehan syndrome |
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When would does acute Endometritis most commonly occur and what causes it
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1. Following delivery or miscarriage
- strep A or staph 2. Secondary to cervicitis / PID |
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What infections can lead to Chronic Endometritis
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PID, IUDs, Chlamydia , TB
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What drug can cause endometrial polyps
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Tamoxifen
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What is the most common tumor in women
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Leiomyoma / Fibroid -
E dependant |
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What should you Suspect when postmenopausal women starts bleeding
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Uterine Adenocarcinoma
Most common invasive cancer of female tract Obesity DM Hypertension Nulliparous Age 55-65 |
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What ovarian problem must be included on an acute abdomen in a female
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Ovarian cysts
Ectopic pregnancy - not an ovarian problem but must be on DDX |
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What do aromatases do
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Convert androgens to estrogens
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What are labs that support PCOS (don't have to be present to be PCOS)
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Elevated T
Elevated LH LH:FSH ratio 2:1 |
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What labs would you expect in ovarian failure
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Elevated FSH and LH
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What labs do you expect in Sheehan syndrome
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Low pituitary hormones - Low TSH, FSH, & ACTH
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What is the most common benign tumor of the breast in women < 30 y/o
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Fibroadenoma
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Describe Fibrocystic Breast Dz
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Excess estrogen, methlyxanthines, age 20-40
Solitary cyst - freely moveable Painful / changes with cycle, no increased risk of cancer |
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What condition is a Dilation of lactiferous ducts, Usually multiparous women 50-60 yrs
and may cause abnormal mammogram |
Mammary Duct Ectasia
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What is a Galactocele
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cyst in lactiferous duct or lobule
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What is the Number 1 female cancer. It has a strong correlation with Family hx, mutation of BRCA 1 gene
Early menarche, late menopause, nulliparous & Estrogen! |
Carcinoma: Ductal & glandular tissue
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What are the sx of Inflammatory Breast Cancer
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No focal lesion
Breast becomes swollen, often asymmetric Can happen in a lactating female |
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Describe Paget’s Disease of the Breast
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Late stage infiltrating carcinoma causes inflammation of the tissue on the nipple.
Typically older patients. Poor prognosis. |
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What is estradiol & conjugated estrogens used for
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DUB / AUB, Osteoporosis, ovarian failure, hypogonadism, atrophic vaginitis, palliative for prostate cancer
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What are the possible side effects of estradiol & conjugated estrogens
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Increased risk of endometrial and/or breast cancer
& Seizures, thrombo-embolism, CVA, MI, hepatic adenoma, nausea, GI distress |
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What is the recommendation for mammogram screening
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Every 2 years starting at age 50
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer
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high fat diet
early menarche late menopause HRT Nulparis |
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What condition is seen primarily in menopausal women, it is characterized by a metaplasia of the epithelium in the duct with d/c and pain
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Mammary duct ectasia
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What benign tumor is seen in older woman and has the hallmark finding of bloody tinged d/c
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Intraductal papillom
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How is a fibroadenoma discribed
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benign well demarcated mass that is non-tender
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What hormone is the most directly responsible for ovulation
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LH
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What increases the risk for infertility in a male
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hx of mumps and varicocele
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What is the major test for evaluating male infertility
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serum analysis
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What does a serum analysis consist of
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Concentration
Morphology Motility Volume Fluid test |
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What % of pts with prostate cancer found only on microscopic section will progress to metastases
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2%
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What is an epidermoid inclusion cyst
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it is a cyst found in the scrotum and on the vulva - they are yellow and very small
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What do all erectile dysfunction drugs end in
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All end in fil
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What is sildenafil used for?
What kind of side effects does it have? |
erectile dysfunction
Excess vasoidallation with nitrates - can go into cardiac arrest d/t big BP drop |
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What is balanitis
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Infection of the penis
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What is are people with a hx of cryptorchidism at risk for
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infertility and testicular cancer
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If you have an abnormal prostate exam how should it be evaluated
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Transrectal U/S
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What population is at increased risk for Rieter’s syndrome?
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Man - ignore a case of chlamidia – Can’t See, Can’t pee can’t dance with me.
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What is paraphimosis
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Foreskin retracts but then won’t return over the glands
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What condition of the testis has pn that is better with elevating the scrotum
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epididymitis
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What does the “blue dot” sign indicate
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Torsion of the appendix of the testes
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What feels like a “bag of worms” in the scrotum
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Vericoceles
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What is a Seminoma
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• most common tumor with cryptorchidism, best prognosis of testicular tumors, metastasis to lymphatics, some have increased HCG
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Describe BPH/Nodular Hyperplasia
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Discrete nodules in periurethral area middle & lateral lobes, partial or complete obstruction
–May have mild or high PSA elevation –Dihydrotestosterone causes hyperplasia •TURP is a common Tx |
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Describe Carcinoma of Prostate
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- Most common cancer of men
- Usually posterior lobe - mets to lumbar, femur, pelvis, thoracic spine, ribs –inc risk - primary male relative and African American |
