Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which standards and guidelines is being circulated as an interim standard because the Ministry was not in a position to provide specific feedback?
|
Interim Standard of Practice and Performance Expectations for
Infection Prevention and Control |
|
|
When would the infection prevention and control guidelines be superseded?
|
In the event that Ontario experiences a serious infectious disease outbreak, these guidelines
may be superseded by directives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Public Health Agency of Canada or other provincially or federally appointed agencies. |
|
|
What are four ways infectious agents can be transmitted?
|
1. contact
2. vehicle 3. airborne 4. vector-born |
|
|
What is the single most important measure for prevention of infection? When do you perform this?
|
Hand Hygiene
• before and after contact with each patient, • before and after contact with body substances or specimens, • after contact with contaminated or soiled items (eg waste linen, instruments, countertops...) • before and after wearing gloves, • before and after performing invasive procedures, • after using the washroom, • after nose blowing, • when hands are visibly soiled. |
|
|
what is the best means to wash your hands?
|
For routine procedures, plain, mild liquid soap is preferable.
• Wet hands • Add soap • Lather and scrub for 20 seconds • Rinse for 10 seconds • Turn off tap using toweling provided • Dry hands. Waterless alcohol-based antiseptic hand rubs are convenient and are adequate to use if hands are not visibly soiled. |
|
|
Personal protective equipment is worn to protect the patient from infectious disease.
True or False? |
False.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) may be worn to protect the health care worker and to prevent the health care worker from becoming a vector. |
|
|
Can you re-use personal protective equipment between patients? What are some examples?
|
No
Examples of PPE include disposable masks, gloves, CPR devices or pocket masks. |
|
|
What type of mask is recommended?
|
NIOSH approved N95 or equivalent surgical masks are worn
by health care workers when they are working within one metre of a patient with a febrile respiratory illness. Have these masks also at entrance of office and instructions on how patients can use them if they are febrile and coughing. |
|
|
You've washed your hands, you wear gloves, you remove the gloves and that's it.
True or False? |
False.
Hands are washed after glove removal. Gloves do not replace hand washing. |
|
|
How are blood-born infections most frequently transmitted?
|
by sharps injuries
|
|
|
How do you protect yourself from sharps injuries?
|
1. Do not recap needles. If you need to, use one hand.
2. discard sharps in sharps container |
|
|
What are the rules around sharps containers?
|
Sharps containers are puncture-resistant, tamper-resistant,
and leak proof. They should have a tight-fitting lid, be located out of reach of children, bear a biological hazard label and be designed so that used sharps can be deposited with one hand. They should not be filled with disinfectant or over-filled with sharps. When filled to three-quarter capacity, the lid should be secured, the container properly disposed of and then promptly replaced. Used sharps are considered biomedical waste. |
|
|
What's the guidelines for the use of air purifiers?
|
Air purifiers may be useful to remove infectious agents from
waiting room or treatment room air. If an air purifier is used, filters should be smaller than 0.22 micrometers to remove bacteria and 0.03 micrometers to remove viruses. Registrants seeing a high volume of patients with infectious disease and/or immunocompromised patients may find this option beneficial. |
|
|
Who do you report a case of a reportable communicable disease to?
|
local Medical Officer of Health
|
|
|
List examples that warrant particular precaution by health care workers. (ie if the health care worker has these)
|
1. dermatitis (cover the area & wear gloves)
2. immunocompromised personnel (tailor job description appropriately) 3. HBV, HIV 4. common cold (wash hands after any contact with nasal secretions; avoid contact with immuno compromised patients while sick) 5. HSV (keep lesion covered if possible, wash hands frequently) 6. Herpes Zoster (cover lesion, wash hands, do not work with high risk persons until crust falls off) 7. TB (can't work until cough is gone and 3 consecutive sputum samples are negative. Contact local Medical Officer of Health or local public health unit for more info) |
|
|
What do you use to clean tabletops, baby scales, floors, sinks, toilets?
|
diluted disinfectant
|
|
|
The child you are visiting urinates on the examination table. What do you do?
|
If the fluid contains no blood:
• Wear protective gloves while cleaning; • Wipe up as much of the visible material as possible with disposable toweling and dispose in a lined, covered garbage container; • Clean the spill area with prepared disinfectant; • Rinse and dry with a disposable towel; • Disinfect the area with a 1:100 dilution of bleach and wipe with a disposable towel. |
|
|
What happens if you get splashed in the eyes with blood or body fluids?
|
If blood or body fluids are splashed in the eyes,
ingested, or otherwise introduced into the body, the exposed individual will, with consent, be tested for HIV, HBV, and HCV. |
|
|
What rules are there around medication refrigerators?
|
• stores only medication in the medication
refrigerator, • does not store medications in the door as it is the warmest area, • does not store food or drinks in a medication refrigerator, • disinfects the medication refrigerator regularly using appropriate cleaning materials. |
|
|
What is not included in anatomical waste?
|
hair, teeth, nails
|
|
|
What is not included in non-anatomical waste?
|
urine and feces
|
|
|
Give examples of general waste?
|
hair, teeth, nails, urine, feces
|
|
|
Which of the following requires special disposal?
a) urine b) vaginal discharge c) feces d) hair e) teeth f) nails |
b) vaginal discharge
|
|
|
When is an incident report made?
|
incident involving exposure to bio-
hazardous material which poses a risk of transmission of infection |
|
|
What is included in an incident report?
|
• nature of the incident,
• date and time of incident, • name of individuals involved, • how the incident occurred, • results of all medical tests administered, • any treatment administered, • any other information relevant to the incident. A copy of this report is kept in a master incident report file and in the patient file if a patient was involved. |
|
|
What happens if a patient is feverish and has a cough or SOB?
|
-have signage
-provide N95 or equivalent surgical masks at entrance and how to use them -tissues and waste containers -instructions on covering nose and mouth when coughing/sneezing -alcohol based hand sanitizers -keep patients 1 metre from other patients - don't let kids play with toys - ask about travel and any round them sick -advise to go to ER if symptoms don't improve in 72 hours (if yes above) |
|
|
List the steps to be taken in the event of a needle stick injury
|
1. Encourage bleeding from all sharps injuries
2. Wash the wound well with soup and warm water 3. Proceed immediately to the nearest hospital emergency room 4. If gloves were worn take them to the emergency room. 5. Both parties will, with consent, be tested for HIV, HBV and HCV. |
|
|
What are some treatments offered to the needle stick injured party?
|
The injured party may be offered a variety of medications such as Hepatitis B vaccine,
Hepatitis B immune globulin and triple therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against HIV infection. |
|
|
How much time can you wait for post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection?
|
PEP is thought to be less effective if administered more than 2 hours post-
injury. |
|
|
Name the 3 types of transmission for which to take precaution.
|
Contact, Droplet and Airborne
|
|
|
How do you prevent selfinoculation of MRSA?
|
wear a NIOSH approved N95 or equivalent surgical mask or do not touch your nose or face.
|
|
|
What organisms are transmitted via droplet?
|
1. Influenza
2. RSV 3. Pertussis 4. SARS |
|
|
What organisms are transmitted via contact?
|
Antimicrobial resistant organisms: MRSA, VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci),
GI infection: C. difficile |
|
|
What organisms are airborne?
|
1. TB
2. Chicken pox/ disseminated zoster 3. Measles |
|
|
when does a co-worker not need to wear a mask if in contact with airborne pathogen?
|
if immune ie to chicken pox/ measles
|
|
|
How do you decontaminate ear cleaning equipment, ear currettes?
|
sterilize or boil 20 minutes or immerse in household bleach 1:100 (if plastic) or alcohol (70-90% ethyl) for 20 minutes. Clean the otoscope handle regularly.
|
|
|
How do you clean the diaphragm and bell of your stethoscope?
|
wipe with alcohol frequently, ideally after each use.
|
|
|
All of the following can be cleaned in high-level disinfectant except:
a. alligator forceps b. vaginal speculum c. work surfaces |
c. work surfaces: wipe down with low level disinfectant (not phenolic when children exposed)
|
|
|
How do you make a high-level disinfectant and how long is the object to be exposed?
|
sodium hypochlorite 1,000 parts per million (ppm) (1:50 dilution of household bleach), exposed >20 minutes
|
|
|
How often do you change the high level disinfectant and are there any precautions?
|
if stored in obaque containeer can be prepared weekly. otherwise prepare daily.
it's corrosive to metals, rinse well. |
|
|
What's a low level disinfectant?
|
Quaternary ammonium
compounds. Accelerated hydrogen peroxide products. Sodium hypochlorite (1:100 dilution of house- hold bleach) |
