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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
A patient has suffered damage in Broca's area. What behavioral deficiency would you expect?

A.) Inability to Understand speech
B.) Speech but the words make no sense
C.) Inability to speak
D.) Loss of auditory Capacity
E.) Unable to Understand Written Words
B.) Speech But the words make no sense
Secondary Active Transport molecules function in which way?
A.) Allow passive diffusion down a concentration gradient
B.) Provide activate transport for one molecule against a concentration gradient
C.) Require cAMP
D.) Transport one molecule one way after phosphrylation and a second molecule the other way without additional energy
E.) C and D
D.) Transport one molecule one way after phosphrylation and a second molecule the other way without additional energy
A resting Membrane potential is partially maintained by:
A.) Passive Sodium ion channels
B.) Passive potassium ion channels
C.) Sodium Potassium Ion pump
D.) None of the above
E.) All of the above
E.) All of the above
AA graded potential has the following properties
A.) Shows an all-or-none depolarization
B.) ALways has the same duration
C.) Can very in duration
D.) Can vary in amplitude
E.) C and D
E.) C and D
The refractory period of a depolarized neuron involves:
A.) reduced potassium ion channels
B.) Loss of graded potentials in the cell body
C.) Inactivated sodium channel
D.) Opening of calcium channels
E.) Closing of calcium channels
C.) Inactivated sodium channel
Action Potentials in axons are initiated in which part of the neuron?
A.) Axon hillock
B.) Dendrites
C.) Cell nucleus
D.) Synapse
E.) Mitochondria
A.) Axon hillock
Nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons affect actions potentials in which way?
A.) Loss of ability to depolarize
B.) Cause hyperpolarization
C.) Slow down the rate of conduction
D.) B and C
E.) Result in rapid conduction
E.) Result in rapid conduction
At synapses, neurotransmitters are released by:
A.) Exocytosis
B.) Endocytosis
C.) Passive Diffusion
D.) Transport molecules
E.) None of the above
A.) Exocytosis
The function of the glial cells is to:
A.) Help form cerebrospinal fluid
B.) Myelinate neurons in the brain and spinal cord
C.) Help epithelial cells of the blood capillaries in the brain form a tight blood brain barrier
D.) Phagoctose debris and potential pathgens in the brain
E.) All of the above
E.) All of the above
The cerebellum of the brain is involved in:
A.) Regulation of blood pressure
B.) Coordination of movement
C.) Control of food intake
D.) Triggering the fight or flight response
E.) Sense of smell
B.) Coordination of movement
Sensory processing in an area of one side of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex regulates voluntary muscle control
A.) The muscles on the opposite side of the body
A.) The muscles on the opposite side of the body
The thalamus of the brain serves as a:
A.) Source of cerebrospinal fluid
B.) Primary Blood Supply to the brain
C.) Site of cranial nerve entry
D.) Site of cranial efferents exit
E.) Site of preliminary processing of sensory input
E.) Site of preliminary processing of sensory input
The hypothalamus has a role in
A.) Homeostasis
B.) Reproduction
C.) Sleep
D.) Regulation of body temperature
E.) All of the above
E.) All of the above
During the fight or flight response, rapid physiological and behavioral coping mechanisms are triggered rapidly by:
A.) Progesterone
B.) Dopamine
C.) Epinephrine
D.) Gene transcription factors
E.) None of the above
C.) Epinephrine
Retrograde amnesia is characterized by:
A.) Inability to store long term memory from the point of lesion or trauma
B.) Ability to transfer long term memory to the hippocampus
C.) Inability to recall recent past events
D.) Loss of reticular activation system function
E.) Inability to speak
C.) Inability to recall recent past events
The reticular formation of the brain stem is involved in:
A.) Controlling metabolism
B.) Regulation of sleep
C.) Decreasing body temperature
D>) Arousal
E.) B and D
E.) B and D
The neurontransmitter acetyl choline is released by the following presynaptic membranes

A.) Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system
B.) Prosganglionic Fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system
C.) Neuromusclar junctions of skeletal muscles
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
D.) All of the above
The dorsal horn of the spinal cord receives neural input from:
A.) The sympathetic nervous system
B.) Interneurons
C.) The parasympathetic nervous system
D.) Afferent neurons
E.) Ascending tracts of the spinal cord
D.) Afferent neurons
The receptor potential of a sensor cell results in communication with the afferents by:
A.) It is part of the afferent neuron fiber
B.) Via a chemical messenger with the afferent neuron fiber
C.) By an interneuron
D.) An action potential
E.) Via a dendrite
B.) Via a chemical messenger with the afferent neuron fiber
Opiate peptides such as endorphin act via presynaptic inhibition to
A.) Increase food intake
B.) Decrease food intake
C.) Inhibit release of the neurotransmitter
D.) Reduce pain
E.) C and D
E.) C and D

C.) Inhibit release of the neurotransmitter
D.) Reduce pain
Light interacting with the visual pigment rhodopsin in rods cells of the retina results in which of the following?
A.) Activation of arachidonic acid cascade
B.) Deactivation of cAMP
C.) Opening of cation channels
D.) Deactivation of G proteins
E.) Activation of phosphodiesterase
E.) Activation of phosphodiesterase
Stereocilia on hair cells of the Organ of Corti act to:
A.) Open mechanically gated ion channels
B.) Close Thermally-gated ion channls
C.) Activate adrnergic receptors
D.) Deactivate adrengergic receptors
E.) None of the above
A.) Open mechanically gated ion channels
Olfactory receptors (sensors) have the following characteristics
A.) Dendrites
B.) Chemically-gated ion channels
C.) Sensory cilia
D.) Motor-end plates
E.) B and C
E.) B and C

B.) Chemically-gated ion channels
C.) Sensory cilia
The action potential in skeletal muscle is triggered in which of the following:
A.) Motor end-plate
B.) In the muscle fiber membrane adjacent to the motor end-plate
C.) I the contractile elements of the muscle fibert
D.) Postsynaptic membrane
E.) None of the above
B.) In the muscle fiber membrane adjacent to the motor end-plate
Circadian Rhythms are regulated by:
A.) Cerebellum
B.) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
C.) Retion-hypothalamic pathway
D.) Pineal
E.) B,C and D
E.) B,C and D

B.) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
C.) Retion-hypothalamic pathway
D.) Pineal
In Skeletal muscle fibers the normal process of contraction depends on...
A.) Binding of myosin cross-bridges to adjacent glial cells within the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B.) The utilization of energy derived from ATP
C.) Binding of Acetyl Choline to troponin
D.) All of the above
E.) A and B
B.) The utilization of energy derived from ATP
The sarcoplasmic reticulum in a skeletal muscle fiber is an organelle important in...
A.) Serving as a reservoir for the storage of Ca++ within the cell
B.) Allowing the sudden release of stored Ca++ during excitation of the cell in order to promote contraction
D.) Reuptake of cytosolic Ca++ to promote relaxation
E.) A and C
D.) Reuptake of cytosolic Ca++ to promote relaxation
The basic contractile unit in a skeletal muscles is...
A.) The myosin thick filament
B.) one molecule of adenosine triphosphate
C.) The motor neuron
D.) The sarcomere
E.) None of the above
D.) The sarcomere
The substance responsible for directly coupling excitation to contraction within skeletal muscle fibers is
A.) Mg++
B.) Na+
C.) ATP
D.) GABA
E.) None of the above
E.) None of the above
In skeletal muscle an example of temporal summation is:
A.) Rcruitment of multiple motor units
B.) Increased force of contraction following increased stimulus frequency
C.) Tetanic contraction
D.) All of the above
E.) B and C
E.) B and C

B.) Increased force of contraction following increased stimulus frequency
C.) Tetanic contraction
Consider the following value for a typical systemic capillary
Pcap = 20 mmHg
Pint = 0 mmHg
COPcap = 25 mmHG
COPint = 7 mmHg
One would expect
A) Net capillary fitration
B.) Net capillary reaborption
A) Net capillary filtration
Which of following is an example of an intrinsic mode of physiologic control
A.) Control of arteriolar resistance by Sympathetic vacoconstrictor nerve fibers
B.) Bradycardia produced by increased parasympathetic stimulation of the SA node
C.) Dilation of Precapillary sphincters following an increase in metabolic rate in an organ
D.) All of the above
E.) a and b
C.) Dilation of Precapillary sphincters following an increase in metabolic rate in an organ
The primary integration of thermoregulatory sensory input occurs in...
A.) Skin
B.) Spinal Cord
C.) The liver
D.) The skeletal muscle
E.) None of the above
E.) None of the above
In the mammalian circulatory system mean blood pressure falls continuously from the systemic arteries to the capillaries and then rises again through the venous system to the right atrium
A.) True
B.) False
B.) False
During the normal cardiac cycle the period of time that elapses between the closure of the left and right AV valve and the opening of the aortic and pulmonic semilunar valves is ...
A.) Characterized by the generation of the 2nd heart sound
B.) Characterized by ventricular ejection of the stroke volume
C.) The period of isovolumetic contraction
D.) A and C
E.) None of the above
C.) The period of isovolumetic contraction
As a result of an increase in Ca++ influx during phase 2 of the cardiac action potential in myocardial cells, one would expect
A.) Increase force of cardiac contraction
B.) A tetanic cardiac contraction
C.) Negative inotropism in the myocardium
D.) All of the above
E.) A and B
A.) Increase force of cardiac contraction
FRC
A.) is the lung volume produced by maximal forced expiration
B.) Is the volume of air inspired during normal resting breathing
C.) Would be decreased in the absence of alveolar surfactant
D.) B and C
E.) None of the above
C.) Would be decreased in the absence of alveolar surfactant
Which of the following is/are true of both cardiac and skeletal muscle myofibers?
A.) Release of Ca++ from the SR during excitation-contraction coupling\
B.) Both are innervated by sympathetic nervous fibers
C.) Summation of force can occur in both as a result of an increase of frequency of stimulation
D.) All of the above
E.) B and C
A.) Release of Ca++ from the SR during excitation-contraction coupling\
The renal ability t form a concentrated urine directly depends upon the maintenance of a high concentration of osmotically active solutes in the..
A.) Renal cortex
B.) Liver
C.) Renal Medulla
D.) Glomeruler Capillaries
E.) B and C
F.) None of the above
C.) Renal Medulla
Central Chemoreceptors re..
A.) Located in the Aorta
B.) Located in the hypothalamus
C.) Respond primarily to changes in systemic arterial [H+]
D.) Are the primary monitors of systemic arterial PCO2
E.) None of the above
D.) Are the primary monitors of systemic arterial PCO2
In compensation for a significant fall in mean systemic arterial blood pressure, such as could be caused by hemorrhage, one would expect..
A.) A baroreceptor mediated decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity
B.) Positive inotropism in the myocardium and arteriolar vasoconstriction
C.) Decreased heart rate due to ncreased parasympathetic activity
D.) all of the above
E.) A and B
B.) Positive inotropism in the myocardium and arteriolar vasoconstriction
Consider a situation in which a subject drink 1L water, one would expect..
A.) H2O permeability of the collecting ducts to decrease
B.) Formation of a dilute urine
C.) Decreased circulating levels of ADH
D.) ALl of the above
E.) NOne
D.) ALl of the above
Mean systemic arterial blood pressure is primarily regulated by..
A.) Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
B.) SNS mediated regulation of cardiac output and systemic arterilar resistance
C.) THE PNS
D.) All
E.) None
B.) SNS mediated regulation of cardiac output and systemic arterilar resistance
The primary hormone which stimulates red blood cell production is produced in the
A.) Bone marow
B.) Brain
C.) Kidneys
D.) Gonads
E.) NOne
C.) Kidneys
Application of a drug that decreased K+ Permeability during phase 4 of the sino-atrial nodal action potential would be expected to...
A.) Decrease the slope of the pace maker potential
\B.) Cause bradycardia
C.) Cause a positive inotropic response in the SA node cells
D.) Increase heart rate
E.) a and D
D.) Increase heart rate
Restimulation of a ventricular myofbiber during phase 2 of the action potential would be expected to
A.) Increase force of contraction
B.) cause firing of another action potential
C.) Cause positive inotropism
D.) Have no significant effect
E.) A, B, and C
D.) Have no significant effect
The major means of decreasing heat loss in response to cold environmental temperature is
A.) Skin vasoconstriction
B.) Sweating
C.) Shivering
D.) Inctreased caloric intake
E.) A and C
A.) Skin vasoconstriction
In skeletal muscles, a result of the increase in frequency and force contraction, one would expect...
A.) The PCO2 of venous blood leaving the muscle to increase from it's non-exercising level
B.) Increase arteriolasr resistance in the muscle to occur as a result of increase SNS activity
C.) Increase O delivery to the tissues to occur as a result of increase vasodilation and the resultant increase in blood flow within the muscle
D.) All
E. A and C
E. A and C
Consider the kidney in a normal 60 kg human, if mean renal aterial blood pressure = 110 mmhg, mean renal venous blood pressure = 10 mmHg, and total renal blood flow = 1000 ml.min, total renal vascular resisitance is?
.1 mmHg/ml/min
Consider a situation during which Alveolar P02 falls to 50 mmHg in an otherwise normal individual, one would expect...
A.) The O content of systemic arterial blood to fall to less than 10% of its normal value
B.) Alveolar PC02 to decrease from it's normal level
C.) increased ventilatory rate due to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation
D.) none of the above
E. ) B and C
E. ) B and C
One would expect a decrease in ECFV to lead to
A>) Increase production of Angiotensin II
B.) Increased circulating concentration of Aldostrone
C.) Increase release of ADH
D.) all
E. A and B
E.) B and C
D.) all
Angiotensin II is...
A potent stimulator of aldosterone release from the adrenal gland
The sino-atrial node is the normal cardiac pacemaker because...
Has the highest natural rate of spontaneous action potential
Which would directly decrease mean systemic arterial blood pressure?
A.) ADministration of a sympathomimetic drug
B.) increase sympathetic tone
C.) Increased stroke volume
D.) None
E.) a and B
D.) None
Why do the veins contain the highest percent of total blood?
They are more compliant than arteries at low transmural pressures
Which is an active process?
A.) Na+ reasorption in proximal tubule
B.) Reabsorbtion of H2O from collecting ducts
C.) Contraction of cardiac muscle
D.) All
E.) a and c
E.) a and c
Surfactant is....
A substance which lowers alveolar surface tension

and synthesized and secreted by specialized lung cells called alveolar type 2 cells of Big Als
Human red blood cells...
Are the most abundant
In the kidneys an increase in GFR would be expected to results in...
A.) decreased proximal tubular reabsorption of glomerule filtrate
B._ Increased plasma protein concentration in the blood in the pertubular capillaries
C.) Increased H2O and Na+ reabsorption by the peritubular capillaries
D. All
E. B and C
E. B and C
Large systemic arteries
Are specialized to help maintain capillary blood flow in the systemic organs during ventricular diastole