Nova Capstone Sp&lang Development: Components Of Lang

Front 1

Arbitrary

Back 1

bearing no physical resemblance to their referents.

Front 2

Onomatopoeia

Back 2

exception to arbitrary, words that sound like the events they represent (e.g., buzz, zip, crunch).

Front 3

Paralinguistic codes

Back 3

prosody/suprasegmentals.

Front 4

Nonlinguistic cues

Back 4

proxemics (personal space).

Front 5

Vocal Tract (7)

Back 5

1)Larynx 2)Pharynx 3)Velum 4)Tongue 5)Teeth 6)Lips 7)Oral and nasal cavities.

Front 6

Resonance

Back 6

modifying vocal tone as it passes through the vocal tract.

Front 7

Symbols of language

Back 7

carry substance of the message.

Front 8

Dialectal variations

Back 8

be phonological, lexical or grammatical.

Front 9

The sender

Back 9

encodes/produces the message.

Front 10

The receiver

Back 10

listens, decodes and comprehends the message.

Front 11

Sociolinguists definition of language

Back 11

language is a social tool and does not exist separately from social interaction.

Front 12

Behaviorists definition of language

Back 12

language is verbal behavior that is learned through social consequence.

Front 13

Psycholinguists of language

Back 13

language represents the underlying mental rules (grammar) for arranging symbols (words) to represent ideas about the world.

Front 14

grammar

Back 14

structure/form. speakers ordering of words and word parts in sentences. Morphology and Syntax.

Front 15

Morphemes

Back 15

smallest elements of language that carry meaning; cannot be subdivided without losing their original meaning (e.g., single phoneme “I” or a word “envelope”).

Front 16

Derivational

Back 16

Morpheme that changes the grammatical category of the free morpheme to which they are attached (-ly + quick (adj.)=quickly (adv.).

Front 17

Inflectional

Back 17

Morpheme that alters the meaning of the free morpheme without deriving a new grammatical category such as in suffixes (-s, ’s, -er, -est, -ing, -ed).

Front 18

Do children develop derivational or inflectional morphemes first?

Back 18

Inflectional morphemes.

Front 19

Syntax

Back 19

specifies rules for sequencing words to form phrases and sentences.

Front 20

Passive sentence

Back 20

subject is the passive recipient of the action in the verb.

Front 21

Imperative sentence

Back 21

expresses a command while omitting the sentence subject

Front 22

semantics

Back 22

meaning/content. Vocabulary, lexicon, memory, word relations.

Front 23

Lexicon

Back 23

all morphemes including word and words parts that a speaker knows.

Front 24

Episodic memory

Back 24

memory of successive experiences related to that word’s meaning.

Front 25

Semantic memory

Back 25

collection of related words and concepts associated with a word to aid in understanding of the word (e.g., doctor…related words –sick, hospital, nurse, shot, helps to understand and expand on the meaning of doctor).

Front 26

Hyponyms

Back 26

meaning of one word contains the meaning of another word, the superordinate (chair-furniture).

Front 27

"Daddy hit the ball" What part of speech is daddy?

Back 27

Agent.

Front 28

"The ball hit Daddy" What part of speech is daddy?

Back 28

Dative.

Front 29

dative

Back 29

an animate affected by the verb.

Front 30

Pragmatics

Back 30

Use/function. Social. closest to the heart of communication b/c speakers will use their language for intended goals.

Front 31

Performatives

Back 31

the utterance performs the intended act such as promising or teasing

Front 32

Speech act

Back 32

all utterances are conceived as performing some act. Requesting, labeling, answering, repeating, and practicing

Front 33

Direct speech act

Back 33

an utterance that has only one meaning.

Front 34

Indirect speech act

Back 34

several possible interpretations for the utterance.

Front 35

alternation

Back 35

Using different words or sentence forms to achieve the same result.

Front 36

Social context

Back 36

plays a role in how the goal is achieved in different situations (how formal or informal the situation is).

Front 37

Linguistic context

Back 37

the information and utterances that have preceded an utterance can affect what the speaker says in subsequent utterances.

Front 38

Discourse components (4)

Back 38

1)topic initiation 2)turn taking 3)topic maintenance 4)repairs.

Front 39

According to the cooperation principle each participant must (4)

Back 39

1)Include an appropriate quality of information 2)Adequate quality of truthfulness 3)Relevant to the established topic 4)Delivered in a manner that is clear and understandable.